Abstract
Connective tissue disorders involving occupational factors are, first of all, systemic sclerosis (SSc), probably also lupus erythematosus (LE) and very rarely dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren’s syndrome (Zschunke et al. 1990; Koeger et al. 1991).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adamson IYR, Letourneau HL, Bowden DH (1989) Enhanced macrophage fibroblast interactions in the pulmonary inter-stitium increases fibrosis after silica injection to monocyte-depleted mice. Am J Pathol 134:411–418
American Thoracic Society (1997) Adverse effects of crystalline silica exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:761–765
Anderegg U, Vorberg S, Herrmann K, Haustein UF (1996) Increased expression of interstitial collagenase in silica-treated fibroblasts. Eur J Dermatol 6:51–55
Anderegg U, Vorberg S, Herrmann K, Haustein UF (1997) Silica directly induces intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in cultured endothelial cells. Eur J Dermatol 7:27–31
Bachner U, Etzel F, Lange CE, Marsteller HJ, Veltman G (1974) Haemostaseologische Aspekte bei der Vinylchlorid-Kran-kheit. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99:2409–2410
Baer RL, Harber LC (1965) Photobiology of lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 92:124–128
Bauer M, Rabens SF (1977) Trichloroethylene toxicity. Int J Dermatol 16:113–116
Baur X (1994) Systemische Sklerodermie im Uranerzbergbau der ehemaligen SDAG Wismut. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umwelt-med Sonderheft 22:5–7
Baur X, Rihs HP, Altmeyer P, Degens P, Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, Weber K, Wiebe V (1996) Systemic sclerosis in German uranium miners under special consideration of autoantibody subsets and HLA class II alleles. Respiration 63:368–375
Beck B, Irmscher G (1974) Silikosen durch weniger bekannte Expositionsarten. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane 140:282–293
Beck B, Irmscher G, Zschunke E (1976) Sklerodermie und Silikose — Versuch einer Synopsis. Z Gesamte Inn Med 31: 493–496
Beer KR, Lorincz AL, Medenica MM, Albertini J, Baron J, Drinkard L, Swartz T (1994) Insecticide-induced lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 33:860–862
Black CM, Welsh KI, Walker AE, Bernstein RM, Catoggio LJ, McGregor AR, Jones JK (1983) Genetic susceptibility to scleroderma-like syndrome induced by vinyl chloride. Lancet 1:53–55
Blair HM, Headington JT, Lynch PJ (1974) Occupational trauma, Raynaud’s phenomenon and sclerodactylia. Arch Environ Health 28:80–81
Bolt HM, Laib RJ, Filser JG (1982) Reactive metabolites and carcinogenicity of halogenated ethylenes. Biochem Pharmacol 31:1–4
Bottomley WW, Sheehan-Dare RA, Hughes P, Cuncliffe WJ (1993) A sclerodermatous syndrome with unusual features following prolonged occupational exposure to organic solvents. Br J Dermatol 128:203–206
Bovenzi M, Barbone F, Betta A, Tommasini M, Versini W (1995) Scleroderma and occupational exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 21:289–292
Bramwell B (1914) Diffuse sclerodermia: its frequency; its occurrence in stone-masons; its treatment by fibrolysin injections — elevations of temperature due to fibrolysin. Edinburgh J Med 12:387–401
Brasington RD, Thorpe-Swenson AJ (1991) Systemic sclerosis associated with cutaneous exposure to solvent: case report and review of the literature. Arthritis Rheum 34:631–633
Burns CJ, Laing TJ, Gillespie BW, Heeringa SG, Alcser KH, Mayes MD, Wasko MCM, Cooper BC, Garabrant DH, Schottenfeld D (1996) The epidemiology of scleroderma among women: Assessment of risk from exposure to silicone and silica. J Rheumatol 23:1904–1911
Choudat D (1994) Occupational lung diseases among dental technicians. Tuber Lung Dis 75:99–104
Christy WC, Rodnan GP (1984) Conjugal progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): report of the disease in husband and wife. Arthritis Rheum 27:1180–1182
Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, Lüthke K, Dörner T, Frank KH (1996) Systemic lupus erythematosus after heavy exposure to quartz dust in uranium mines: clinical and serological characteristics. Lupus 5:62–69
Conrad K, Humbel RL, Tan EM, Shoenfeld Y (1997) Autoantibodies — diagnostic, pathogenetic and prognostic relevance. Clin Exp Rheumatol 15:457–465
Cordier JH, Fieviez C, Lefevre MJ, Sevrin A (1966) Acroosteolyse et lesions cutanees chez deux ouvriers affectees au nettoyage d’autoclaves. Can Med Travail 4:3
Cowie RL (1987) Silica-dust-exposed mine workers with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). Chest 92:260–262
Czernielewski A, Swierczynska-Kiec M, Gluszcz M (1979) Der-matological aspects of so called vinyl chloride monomer disease. Derm Beruf Umwelt 27:108–112
Czirják L, Dankó K, Schlammadinger J, Surányi P, Tamási L, Szegedi GY (1987) Progressive systemic sclerosis occurring in patients exposed to chemicals. Int J Dermatol 26:374–378
Czirják L, Bokk A, Csontos G, Lörincz G, Szegedi G (1989) Clinical findings in 61 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Acta Derm Venereol 69:533–536
Czirják L, Schlammadinger J, Szegedi G (1993) Systemic sclerosis and exposure to trichloroethylene. Dermatology 186:236–7
Czirják L, Pocs E, Szegedi G (1994) Localized scleroderma after exposure to organic solvents. Dermatology 189:399–401
Diezel W, Meffert H, Günther W, Huse K, Sönnichsen N (1977) Exazerbation des Lupus erythematodes visceralis infolge UV-Bestrahlung. Dermatol Monatsschr 163:290–295
Dinman BD, Cook WA, Whitehouse WM, Magnuson HJ, Ditcheck T (1971) Occupational acroosteolysis: an epidemiological study. Arch Environ Health 22:61–65
Dowd PM, Ziegler V (1987) Endothelial cell cultures in silica induced systemic sclerosis. Abstr Sympos Aktuel Probl Arbeitsderm Leipzig, p 51
Dunnill MG, Black MM (1994) Sclerodermatous syndrome after occupational exposure to herbicides-response to systemic steroids. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:518–520
Ebihara I, Kawami M (1985) Health hazards of mineral dust with special reference to the causation of immuno-pathologic systemic diseases. J Sci Labour 61:1–31
Epstein IH, Tuffanelli DL, Dubois EL (1965) Light sensitivity and lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 91:483–485
Erasmus LD (1957) Scleroderma in gold-miners on the Witwa-tersrand with particular reference to pulmonary manifestations. South Afr Lab Clin Med 3:209–231
Evans DJ, Posner E (1971) Pneumoconiosis in laundry workers. Environ Res 4:127–128
Fleischmajer R, Perlish IS, Duncan M (1983) Scleroderma: a model for fibrosis. Arch Dermatol 119:957–962
Flindt-Hansen H, Isager H (1987) Scleroderma after occupational exposure to trichlorethylene and trichlorethane. Acta Derm Venereol 67:263–264
Forkert PG, Forkert L (1994) Trichloroethylene induces pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:205–10
Fox AJ, Collier PF (1977) Mortality experience of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in Great Britain. Br J Ind Med 34:1–10
Francia A, Monarca A, Cavallot A (1959) Osservazioni clinico-roentgenologiche sollàssociazione silicosi-sclerodermia. Med Lav 50:523
Frank R, Giese T, Dummer R, Walther T, Rytter M, Ziegler V, Haustein UF (1993) Silica-induced cytokine release in human monocyte cultures and its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of silica-associated scleroderma. Eur J Dermatol 3:304–309
Gabay C, Kahn MF (1992) Les sclérodermies masculines; rôle de l’exposition professionelle. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 122:1746–1752
Garcia-Zamalloa AM, Ojeda E, Gonzalez-Beneitez C, Goni J, Garrido A (1994) Systemic sclerosis and organic solvents: early diagnosis in industry. Ann Rheum Dis 53:618
Harris DK, Adams WGF (1967) Acroosteolysis occurring in men engaged in the polymerisation of vinyl chloride. BMJ 3: 712–714
Hatron PY, Plouvier B, Francois M (1982) Assoziation von systemischem Lupus erythematodes und Silikose. Kasuistik (5 Pat.). Rev Med Intern 3:245–246
Haustein UF (1998) Silica-induced Lupus erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol 78:73–74
Haustein UF, Albrecht M (1993) Zur Epidemiologie und Klinik der systemischen Sklerodermie. Z Hautkr Geschlechtskr 68:651–658
Haustein UF, Albrecht M (1996) Berufsbedingte progressive Sklerodermie, Pseudosklerodermie und systemischer Lupus erythematodes. Derm Beruf Umwelt 44:77–80
Haustein UF, Herrmann K (1994) Environmental scleroderma. Clin Dermatol 12:467–473
Haustein UF, Klug H (1975) Zur Ultrastruktur der Hautkapillaren bei Lupus eythematodes, Dermatomyositis und progressiver Sklerodermie. Dermatol Monatsschr 161:353–363
Haustein UF, Ziegler V (1985) Environmentally induced systemic sclerosis-like disorders. Int J Dermatol 24:147–151
Haustein UF, Herrmann K, Boehme HJ (1986) Pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. Int J Derm 25:286–293
Hennekens CH, Lee IM, Cook NR, Hebert PR, Karlson EW, LaMotte F, Manson JE, Buring JE (1996) Self-reported breast implants and connective-tissue diseases in female health professionals. JAMA 275:616–621
Hinnen U, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Muller E, Eisner P (1995) Exposure to solvents in scleroderma: disseminated circumscribed scleroderma (morphea) in a painter exposed to perchloroethylene (in German). Schweiz Med Wochenschr 125:2433–2437
Hochberg MC (1993) Cosmetic surgical procedures and connective tissue disease: the Cleopatra syndrome revisited. Ann Intern Med 118:981–983
Hochberg MC, Perlmutter DL, Medsger TA, Nguyen K, Steen V, Weisman MH, White B, Wigley FM (1996) Lack of association between augmentation mammoplasty and systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum 39:1125–1131
Holt PF (1981) Transport of inhaled dust to extrapulmonary sites. J Pathol 133:123–129
Inachi S, Mizutani H, Ando Y, Shimizu M (1996) Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma which developed after exposure to epoxy resin polymerization. J Dermatol 23: 344–346
Ishikawa H, Yamakage A, Tamura T, et al. (1982) Scleroderma induced by epoxy resins with special reference to experimental scleroderma with Bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)-methane as the probable causative agent. J UOEH 4: 225–235
Ishikawa O, Warita S, Tamura A, Miyachi Y (1995) Occupational scleroderma. A 17-year follow-up study. Br J Dermatol 133:786–789
Johnson WM, Busnardo MS (1993) Silicosis following employment in the manufacture of silica flour and industrial sand. J Occup Med 35:716–719
Kilburn KH, Warshaw RH (1992) Prevalence of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies associated with chronic exposure to trichloroethylene and other chemicals in well water. Environ Res 57:1–9
Knight KR, Gibbons R (1987) Increased collagen synthesis and cross-link formation in the skin of rats exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. Clin Sci (Colch) 72:673–678
Koeger AC, Alcaix D, Rozenberg S, Bourgeois P (1991) Occupational exposure to silicon and dermatopolymyositis. 3 cases (in French). Ann Med Interne 142:409–413
Koeger AC, Marre JP, Rozenberg S, Gutmann L, Bourgeois P (1992) Autoimmune diseases after unusual exposure to silica or silicones. 3 cases, (in French). Ann Med Interne 143:165–70
Koeger AC, Lang T, Alcaix D, Milleron B, Rozenberg S, Chaibi P, Arnaud J, Mayaud C, Camus JP, Bourgeois P (1995) Silica-associated connective tissue disease. A study of 24 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 74:221–237
Kohanka V (1982) Epidemiologic studies of the delayed-type immunity in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomers (in German). Boerg Vener Szemle 58:145–149
Lange GE, Juehe S, Veltman G (1974) Ueber das Auftreten von Angiosarkomen der Leber bei zwei Arbeitern der PVC-herstellenden Industrie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 99:1598–1599
Lelbach WK, Marsteller HJ (1981) Vinyl chloride-associated disease. Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd 47:1–110
Lockey JE, Kelly CR, Cannon GW, Colby TV, Aldrich V, Livingston GK (1987) Progressive systemic sclerosis associated with exposure to trichloroethylene. J Occup Med 29: 493–496
Maricq HR (1981) Vinyl chloride disease. International Conference on Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. Austin, 9 October 1981
Maricq HR, Johnson MN, Whetstone CL, LeRoy EC (1976) Capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers. Examination by in vivo microscopy. JAMA 236:1368–1371
Markowitz SS, McDonald CJ, Fethiere W (1972) Occupational acroosteolysis. Arch Dermatol 106:219–233
Masi AT (1980) Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 23:581–590
Medsger TA, Masi AT (1971) Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis. Ann Intern Med 74:714–721
Mehlhorn J (1994) “Qarzinduzierte” Progressive Systemische Sklerodermie — Exposition, Klinische Beobachtungen, Lungenfunktion. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed Sonderheft 22:8–11
Mehlhorn J, Gerlach C (1990) Gemeinsames Auftreten von Silikose und Lupus erythematodes. Z Erkr Atmungsorgane 175:38–41
Mehlhorn J, Gerlach C, Ziegler V (1990) Berufsbedingte progressive systemische Sklerodermie durch ein quarzhaltiges Scheuermittel. Derm Beruf Umwelt 38:180–184
Milford WA (1976) Evidence of an immune complex disorder in vinyl chloride workers. Proc R Soc Med 69:289–291
Miyoshi K, Miyaoka T, Kobayashi Y, Itahura T, Nishijo K, Hagashitara M, Shiragami H, Ohno F (1964) Hypergammaglobulinemia by prolonged adjuvanticity in man: disorders developed after augmentation mammoplasty. Ijish-impo 2122:9–14
Moseley PL, Monick M, Hunninghake GW (1988) Divergent effects of silica on lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production. J Appl Physiol 65:350–357
Mueller G, Norpoth K, Kusters E (1978) Determination of thiodiglycolic acid in urine specimens of vinyl chloride exposed workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 41:199–205
Nagata C, Yoshida H, Mirbod SM, Komura Y, Fujita S, Inaba R, Iwata H, Maeda M, Shikano Y, Ichiki Y, et al. (1993) Cutaneous signs (Raynaud’s phenomenon, sclerodactylia and edema of the hands) and hand-arm vibration exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64:587–591
Nario RC, Hubbard AK (1996) Silica exposure increases expression of pulmonary intercellular adhesion molecule-i (ICAM-1) in C57BI/6 mice. J Toxicol Environ Health 49:599–617
Nebe H, Lenz U (1971) Untersuchungen ueber berufliche Noxen beim Lupus erythematodes. Dermatol Monatsschr 157: 500–504
Oghiso Y, Kubota Y (1986) Enhanced interleukin 1 production by alveolar macrophages and increase in la-positive lung cells in silica-exposed rats. Microbiol Immunol 30:1189–1198
Ostlere LS, Harris D, Buckley C, Black C, Rustin MH (1992) Atypical systemic sclerosis following exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. A case report and review of the cutaneous aspects of vinyl chloride disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 17: 208–210
Owens GR, Medsger TA (1988) Systemic sclerosis secondary to occupational exposure. Am J Med 85:114–116
Panaszek B, Malolepszy J, Wrzyszcz M, Jutel M, Machaj Z (1993) Mixed connective tissue disease in a male patient chronically exposed to toxic chemicals (in Polish). Pol Tyg Lek 48: 430–432
Penin H, Sager G, Lange GE, et al. (1975) Neurologischpsychiatrische und elektroenzephalographische Befunde bei Patienten mit Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Proc. 15. Jahrestagung Dt Gesellschaft Arb Med, Gentner, Stuttgart, pp 299–304
Plewig G, Kligman A (1978) Acne. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Poskitt LB, Duffill MB, Rademaker M (1994) Chloracne, palmo-plantar keratoderma and localized scleroderma in a weed sprayer. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:264–267
Puisieux F, Hachulla E, Brouillard M, Hatron PY, Devulder B (1994) Silicosis and primary Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome (in French). Rev Med Intern 15:575–579
Reinl W (1957) Sklerodermie durch Trichloraethyleneinwirkung? Zentralbl Arbeitsmed 7:58–60
Rihs HP, Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, May-Taube K, Welticke B, Frank KH, Baur X (1994) Association between HLA-D alleles and scleroderma-specific autoantibodies in quartz dust exposed persons (in German). Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 88:513–518
Rihs HP, Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, May-Taube K, Welticke B, Frank KH, Baur X (1996) Molecular analysis of HLA-DPBi alleles in idiopathic systemic sclerosis patients and uranium miners with systemic sclerosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 109: 216–222
Rodnan GP, Benedek TG, Medsger TA, Cammarata RJ (1967) The association of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) with coal miners pneumoconiosis and other forms of silicosis. Ann Intern Med 66:323–334
Rosenman KD, Zhu Z (1995) Pneumoconiosis and associated medical conditions. Am J Ind Med 27:107–113
Rustin MHA, Bull HA, Ziegler V, Mehlhorn J, Haustein UF, Maddison PJ, James J, Dowd PM (1990) Silica-associated systemic sclerosis is clinically, serologically indistinguishable from idiopathic systemic sclerosis. Br J Dermatol 123:725–34
Saihan EM, Burton JL, Heaton KW (1978) A new syndrome with pigmentation scleroderma, gynecomastia, Raynaud’s phenomenon and neuropathy. Br J Dermatol 99:437–441
Sanchez-Roman J, Wichmann I, Salaberri J, Varela JM, Nunez-Roldan A (1993) Multiple clinical and biological autoimmune manifestations in 50 workers after occupational exposure to silica. Ann Rheum Dis 52:534–538
Schirren SM (1971) Skin lesions caused by trichloroethylene in a metal working plant. Berufsdermatosen 19:240–245
Schmidt JA, Oliver CN, Lepe-Zuniga JL, Green I, Gery I (1984) Silica-stimulated monocytes release fibroblast proliferation factors identical to interleukin 1. J Clin Invest 73:1462–1472
Siebels M, Schulz V, Andrassy K (1993) Silicosis and systemic diseases (in German). Immun Infekt 21:53–54
Siebels M, Schulz V, Andrassy K (1995) Systemic lupus erythematosus and silicosis (in German). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 120:214–218
Siegel RC (1977) Scleroderma. Med Clin North Am 61:283–296
Silman AJ, Jones S (1992) What is the contribution of occupational environmental factors to the occurrence of scleroderma in men? Ann Rheum Dis 51:1322–1324
Silver RM, Sahn EE, Allen JA, Sahn S, Greene W, Maize JC, Garen PD (1993) Demonstration of silicon in sites of connective tissue disease in patients with silicone-gel breast implants. Arch Dermatol 129:63–68
Sluis-Cremer GK, Hessel PA, Hnizdo E, Churchill AR, Zeiss EA (1985) Silica, silicosis and progressive systemic sclerosis. Br J Ind Med 42:838–843
Sparrow GP (1977) A connective tissue disorder similar to vinyl chloride disease in a patient exposed to perchloroethylene. Clin Dermatol 2:17–22
Stachów A, Jablonska S, Skiendzielewska A (1979) Biogenic amines derived from tryptophan in systemic and cutaneous scleroderma. Acta Derm Venereol 59:1–5
Steenland K, Brown D (1995) Mortality study of gold miners exposed to silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals: an update with 14 more years of follow-up. Am J Ind Med 27:217–229
Struhar D, Harbeck RJ (1989) Anti-la antibodies inhibit the spontaneous secretion of IL-1 from silicotic rat alveolar macrophages. Immunol Lett 23:31–33
Studnicka MJ, Menzinger G, Drlicek M, Maruna H, Neumann MG (1995) Pneumoconiosis and systemic sclerosis following 10 years of exposure to polyvinyl chloride dust. Thorax 50:583–5
Suciu I, Drejman I, Valaskai M (1963) Contributii la studiul imbolnavirilor produse de clorina de vinil. Med Int 15:967–978
Szeimies RM, Lissner A, Meurer M (1992) Perchlorethylen-induzierte systemische Sklerodermie. Derm Beruf Umwelt 40:66–69
Tanaka M, Niizeki H, Shimizu S, Miyakawa S (1993) Scleroderma after exposure to domestic detergent LOC. J Rheumatol 20:1993–1994
Tashev TS, Tsonev I (1990) The connective tissue changes in patients with acute poisonings by organophosphate pesticides (in Bulgarian). Vutr Boles 29:83–87
Thorgeirsson A, Fregert S, Ramnaes O (1978) Sensitization capacity of epoxy resin oligomers in the guinea pig. Acta Derm Venereol 58:17–21
Tibon-Fisher O, Heller E, Ribak J (1992) Occupational scleroderma due to organic solvent exposure. Harefuah 122:530–532, 551
Varga J, Schumacher R, Jimenez SA (1989) Systemic sclerosis after augmentation mammoplasty with silicone implants. Ann Intern Med 111:377–383
Veltman G (1980) Klinische Befunde und arbeitsmedizinische Aspekte der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit. Dermatol Monatsschr 166:705–712
Vincent M, Pouchelle C, Martinon S, Gerard F, Arthaud Y (1996) Connective tissue disease due to intentional inhalation of scouring powder. Eur Respir J 9:2688–2690
Walder WB (1983) Do solvents cause scleroderma? Int J Dermatol 22:157–158
Waller PA, Clauw D, Cupps T, Metcalf JS, Silver RM, Leroy EC (1994) Fasciitis (not scleroderma) following prolonged exposure to an organic solvent. J Rheumatol 21:1567–1570
Warde WB (1903) Lupus erythematosus: some illustrative cases. Br J Dermatol 15:161–168
Wichmann I, Sanchez-Roman J, Morales J, Castillo MJ, Ocana C, Nunez-Roldan A (1996) Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in individuals with occupational exposure to silica. Ann Rheum Dis 55:205–207
Wilson RH, McCormick WE, Tatum CF, Greech JL (1967) Occupational acroosteolysis: report of 31 cases. JAMA 201:577–580
Yamakage A, Ishikawa H (1982) Generalized morphea-like scleroderma occurring in people exposed to organic solvents. Dermatologica 165:186–193
Yamakage A, Ishikawa H, Saito Y, Hattori A (1980) Occupational scleroderma-like disorder in men engaged in the polymerization of epoxy resins. Dermatologica 161:33–44
Yamamoto T, Furuse Y, Katayama I, Nishioka K (1994) Nodular scleroderma in a worker using a silica-containing abrasive. J Dermatol 21:751–754
Yanez-Diaz S, Moran M, Unamuno P, Armijo M (1992) Silica and trichloroethylene-induced progressive systemic sclerosis. Dermatology 184:98–102
Yoshida S, Gershwin ME (1993) Autoimmunity and selected environmental factors of disease induction. Semin Arthritis Rheum 22:399–419
Ziegler V, Koepping H, Münzberger H, Haustein UF, Löschke K (1981) Arbeitsmedizinische Aspekte der progressiven Sklerodermie. Wiss Z Karl-Marx-Univ Leipzig 30:478–482
Ziegler V, Pampel W, Zschunke E, Münzberger H, Mährlein W, Koepping H (1982) Kristalliner Quarz — (eine) Ursache der progressiven Sklerodermie? Dermatol Monatsschr 168: 398–401
Ziegler V, Haustein UF, Mehlhorn J, Münzberger H, Rennau H (1986) Quarzinduzierte Sklerodermie, sklerodermie-aehn-liches Syndrom oder echte Sklerodermie? Dermatol Monatsschr 172:86–90
Ziegler V, Kipping D, Herrmann K, Haustein UF, Löschke K (1987) Quarz — seine Relevanz für die Dermatologie. Derm Beruf Umwelt 35:199–204
Ziegler V, Keyn J, Mehlhorn J, Kipping D, Haustein UF (1988) Qarznachweis in Sklerodermiehaut. Dermatol Monatsschr 174:688–689
Ziegler V, Pfeil B, Haustein UF (1991) Berufliche Quarzstaubexposition — Progressive Sklerodermie und Lupus erythematodes. Z Hautkr Geschlechtskr 66:968–970
Zschunke E (1976) Dermatologische Probleme in der Arbeitsmedizin. Dermatol Monatsschr 162:454–458
Zschunke E, Ziegler V, Haustein UF (1990) Occupationally induced connective tissue disorders. In: Adams RM (ed) Occupational skin disease. Saunders, Philadelphia
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haustein, UF., Haupt, B. (2000). Occupational Connective Tissue Disorders. In: Kanerva, L., Wahlberg, J.E., Elsner, P., Maibach, H.I. (eds) Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-07679-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07677-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive