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Molekulare Struktur eukaryotischer Gene

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Book cover Genetik

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

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Die Struktur eukaryotischer Gene ist in vieler Hinsicht komplexer als die prokaryotischer Gene. Die Kontrolle ihrer Expression erfolgt nicht nur auf der Ebene der Transkription. Durch die Trennung der Orte der Transkription und der Translation kann sie auch auf mehreren Zwischenebenen stattfinden.

Die meisten eukaryotischen Proteine werden nicht in einer durchlaufenden DNA-Sequenz kodiert, sondern in mehreren Teilen, Exons genannt. Diese Exons werden nach Herausschneiden der dazwischenliegenden „Intron-bereiche“ aus den „primären Transkripten“ zu funktionellen mRNAs zusammengefügt. Solche mRNA-Moleküle werden im Kern noch mit einem Poly[A]-Schwanz und einer 5′-cap versehen, bevor sie, integriert in Ribonukleoprotein-partikel, durch die Kernporen ins Cytoplasma transportiert werden.

Manche eukaryotischen Gene gehören zu Familien identischer oder ähnlicher DNA-Sequenzen, deren Funktion in vielfältiger Weise geregelt wird. Man kann daher kein einheitliches Modell eines „typischen“ eukaryotischen Gens aufstellen, sondern muß die Definition des Genbegriffes stets auf eine gegebene Situation beziehen.

Miller-Spreitung der wachsen-den Transkripte an der DNA einer Lampenbürstenshhleife von Drosophila. (Photo:I. Siegmund und W. Hennig, Mainz)

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  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. Wolfgang Hennig

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  1. Professor Dr. Wolfgang Hennig
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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Hennig, W. (1998). Molekulare Struktur eukaryotischer Gene. In: Genetik. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07430-5_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07430-5_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-07431-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-07430-5

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