Abstract
Among the various psychoses, major affective illness — in particular, manic-depression — has been the primary subject of many classic genetic studies. Table 1 summarizes concordance rates for manic-depression in twin studies of manic-depressive probands (Mendlewicz 1988). Concordance rates are consistently higher in monozygotic (MZ) than dizygotic pairs, but they do not reach the 100% value in MZ pairs, indicating that nongenetic (environmental) factors may also be operational in this illness, and interacting with the genetic predisposition. Such interactions between nature and nurture can be best examined through the use of more sophisticated strategies, such as the adoption method and the new linkage analyses. The adoption method has been applied to manic-depression with conclusive results (Mendlewicz and Rainer 1977) demonstrating the necessary presence of important genetic factors (Table 2). More recent linkage studies with classic genetic markers such as color blindness and G6PD deficiency have provided consistent evidence of the presence of a major single gene located on the distal end of the long arm of the X-chromosome in bipolar manic-depression (Mendlewicz 1986,1988), despite the fact that this type of inheritance has not been observed in all families studied (Mendlewicz 1988).
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Mendlewicz, J. (1990). New Genetic Strategies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Bulyzhenkov, V., Christen, Y., Prilipko, L. (eds) Genetic Approaches in the Prevention of Mental Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07421-3_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07421-3_4
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