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Prävention und Früherkennung

  • Chapter
Die Onkologie

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Zusammenfassung

Etwa 80% aller Tumorerkrankungen werden wahrscheinlich durch exogene Faktoren verursacht. Diese Schätzung beruht hauptsächlich auf retrospektiven epidemiologischen Assoziations- und Korrelationsstudien. Durch solche Studien wurde beispielsweise der Zusammenhang zwischen Tabakkonsum und der Entstehung des Bronchialkarzinoms sowie verschiedener anderer Tumorerkrankungen gesichert. In einer aktuellen Kohortenstudie, in der 44.788 Geschwisterpaare aus Skandinavien untersucht worden sind, ergaben sich nur für wenige Tumorlokalisationen (Gastrointestinaltrakt, Brust, Prostata) Hinweise für hereditäre Tumorursachen (Lichtenstein et al. 2000). Ergebnisse prospektiv geplanter Interventionsstudien mit klarem aussagefähigen Endpunkt liegen nur begrenzt vor. In einigen dieser Interventionsstudien konnte durch eine definierte Nahrungszusammensetzung (Obst/Gemüse) und durch die Applikation von Nahrungsmitteladditiva (Vitamine/Mineralien) die Tumorinzidenz und -mortalität statistisch signifikant reduziert werden. In chemopräventiven Studien mit Anwendung pharmakologischer Substanzen (z. B. Retinoide) ist dies bislang nicht zweifelsfrei gelungen. Ebenfalls problematisch ist die Abschätzung der individuellen Risikokonstellation für die Entstehung einer bestimmten Tumorerkrankung.

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Authors
  1. R. Kath
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  2. C. P. Schneider
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  3. K. Höffken
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Kath, R., Schneider, C.P., Höffken, K. (2004). Prävention und Früherkennung. In: Die Onkologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06670-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06670-6_15

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