Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chip-level Beamforming and Symbol-level Beamforming in Coherent CDMA Adaptive Antenna Array Systems

  • Chapter
Book cover Adaptive Antenna Arrays

Part of the book series: Signals and communication technology ((SCT))

  • 857 Accesses

Abstract

In the coherent CDMA systems with adaptive antenna arrays, two representative architectures for the spatial-temporal CDMA demodulator are demonstrated based on the way of weight vector multiplication, which are chip-level beamforming (CLBF) and symbol-level beamforming (SLBF). Depending on the architecture, implementational complexity differs about 1.5 ~ 2.5 times. Moreover, the performance variation due to the method of searcher beamforming and finite word-length (FWL) effects is tightly related to the architecture of the spatial-temporal demodulator. Performance comparison of various beamforming algorithms are also given for the cases of low and high data rate applications.

This work was supported by INHA University Research Grant (INHA-30362).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Turin, “The effects of multipath and fading on the performance of direct sequence CDMA systems;” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 2, pp. 597–603, July 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. K. S. Gilhousen, I. M. Jacobs, R. Padovani, A. J. Viterbi, L. A. Weaver, Jr. and C. E. Wheatley III, “On the capacity of a cellular CDMA systems;’ IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech., vol. 40, pp. 303–312, May 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. L. M. A. Jalloul and J. M. Holtzman, “Performance analysis of DS/CDMA with non-coherent M-ary orthogonal modulation in multipath fading channels;’ IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 12, pp. 862–870, June 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Jalali and P. Mermelstein, “Effect of diversity, power control, and bandwidth on the capacity of microcellular CDMA systems;’ IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 12, pp. 952–961, June 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. C. Liberti, Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, “Analytical results for capacity improvements in CDMA;’ IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech., vol. 43, pp. 680–690, Aug. 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L. C. Godara, “Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part I: Performance improvement, feasibility, and system considerations;’ Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1029–1060, July 1997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. L. C. Godara,“Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part II: Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations;’ Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1193–1245, Aug. 1997

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. H. Chang, E. S. Shin and M. G. Kyeong, “Design philosophy of adaptive antenna arrays in CDMA systems,” in Proc. ICSPAT, Sep. 1997, pp. 433–437

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. H. Chang, E. S. Shin, Y. O. Park and M. G. Kyeong, “Spatio-temporal processing in CDMA systems with adaptive antenna arrays;’ in Proc. MOMUC, Oct. 1997, pp. 209–212

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. H. Chang, R. Arnott, E.S. Shin, Y.O. Park and M.G. Kyeong, “A spatial-temporal receiver for CDMA systems;’ in Proc. IEEE DSP Workshop,Aug. 1998, #124

    Google Scholar 

  11. K. H. Chang, E. S. Shin, Y. O. Park and M. G. Kyeong, “MMSE 2-D RAKE receiver in CA3TS;’ in Proc. IEEE ISSATA, Sep. 1998, pp. 566–570

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. H. Chang, Y. G. Kang, E. S. Shin and H. R. Park,“CDMA beamforming algorithms for multimedia communications;’ in Proc. MOMUC, Oct. 1998, pp. 197–204

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Ramos, M. D. Zoltowski and H. Liu, “A low-complexity space-time RAKE receiver for DS-CDMA communications;’ IEEE SP Letters, vol. 4, pp. 262–265, Sep. 1997

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. O. Schmidt, “A signal subspace approach to multiple-emitter location and spectral estimation:’ Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford Univ., 1981

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. Roy and T. Kailath,“ESPRIT–Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques;’ IEEE Trans. ASSP, vol. 37, pp. 984–995, July 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Krim and M. Viberg,“Two decades of array signal processing research–The parametric approach;’ IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp. 67–94, July 1996

    Google Scholar 

  17. B. D. Van Veen and K. M. Buckley, “Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering;’ IEEE ASSP Magazine, pp. 4–24, April 1988

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Barrett, R. Arnott, E Coromina, J. Fernandez and M. A. Lagunas,“Temporal reference beamforming for user acquisition in mobile satellite communication systems;’ pp. 22–34

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Litva and T. KY. Lo, Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications. Artech House, Boston, MA, Aug. 1996

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Choi and T. Sarkar, “Adaptive antenna array utilizing the conjugate gradient method for multipath mobile communications;’ Signal Processing, vol. 29, pp. 319–333, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D. N. Godard, “Self-recovering equalization and carrier tracking in a two-dimensional data communication system,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 28, pp. 1867–1875, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B. G. Agee, S. V. Schell and W. A. Gardner, “Spectral self-coherence restoral: A new approach to blind adaptive signal extraction using antenna arrays;’ Proc. IEEE, vol. 78, pp. 753–767, April 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. J. van der Veen, M. C. Vanderveen and A. Paulraj, “Joint angle and delay estimation using shift-invariance techniques,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 46, pp. 405–418, Feb. 1998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K. H. Chang and H. R. Park,“Chip-level beamforming vs. symbol-level beamforming in coherent CDMA adaptive antenna array systems,” in Proc. IEEE /CC, June 1999, S40A-2

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. H. Chang, I. S. Sohn and K. S. Chang, “Chip-level 2-D RAKE receiver with symbol-level searcher beamforming,” in Proc. IEEE VTC Fall, Sep. 1999, pp. 924–928

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. K. Jwa, H. S. Oh and M. G. Kyeong, “Decision-directed chip-level beamforming in WCDMA antenna array system,” in Proc. IEEE VTC Spring, May 2002, pp. 322–326

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. J. Park, J. H. Lee and H. S. Oh, “Performance of chip-/symbol-level beamforming algorithm for WCDMA-TDD system,” in Proc. IEEE VTC Spring, May 2002, pp. 365–369.

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. F. Naguib and A. Paulraj, “Performance of cellular CDMA with M-ary orthogonal modulation and cell site antenna arrays,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 14, pp. 1770–1783, Dec. 1996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. A. Monzingo and T. W. Miller, Introduction to Adaptive Arrays. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1980

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Graduate School of Information Technology & Telecommunications, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea

    KyungHi Chang

Authors
  1. KyungHi Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. 32, Jalan S.G 6/8, Sri Gombak, 68100, Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Sathish Chandran

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chang, K. (2004). Chip-level Beamforming and Symbol-level Beamforming in Coherent CDMA Adaptive Antenna Array Systems. In: Chandran, S. (eds) Adaptive Antenna Arrays. Signals and communication technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05592-2_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05592-2_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05775-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05592-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation