Abstract
In the present paper, genetic studies on organisms that are associated with continental slopes and slope-like habitats were reviewed. This indicated that few slope-dwelling species exhibit homogenous spatial genetic structure over wide geographic scales. The species that do exhibit homogenous genetic population structures tend to inhabit isolated topographic features such as seamounts, plateaus and mid-ocean ridges. Such a genetic structure may reflect the success of species with a dispersive life history in colonising such fragmented habitats. Most studies on slope dwelling species indicate genetic differentiation between populations on oceanic, regional and more local scales. In such cases topographic and hydrographic factors have been considered as important in structuring populations. Sometimes strong temporal variance in allele frequencies may have been a factor in causing differences in allele frequencies between areas. Sibling or cryptic species are commonly found amongst deep-sea taxa especially when comparisons of samples from different depths are made. The reasons for this are unclear but may be associated with speciation driven by selection exerted by increasing pressure or other factors correlated with depth. Alternatively, it is likely that historical processes have been important in speciation processes on the continental slope. More detailed studies are required of both intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation of slope species. Such studies should be on the scale of species distributions and should include the collection of associated biological and environmental data that is of relevance when interpreting genetic structure. The increasing availability of genome sequence data and genomic technology may allow scientists to study significant genes that have played a role in speciation processes in the deep-sea. Extensive phylogenetic work across multiple taxa may be necessary to identify common historical factors that have influenced speciation in the deep-sea.
Keywords
- Continental Slope
- Spatial Genetic Structure
- Significant Genetic Differentiation
- Oxygen Minimum Zone
- Orange Roughy
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Rogers, A.D. (2002). Molecular Ecology and Evolution of Slope Species. In: Wefer, G., Billett, D., Hebbeln, D., Jørgensen, B.B., Schlüter, M., van Weering, T.C.E. (eds) Ocean Margin Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05127-6_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05127-6_20
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