Abstract
Long before scientists and engineers in our century began to develop visions about space stations and their applications, authors from the end of the last century had already laid down their ideas in short stories and novels. This period will be shortly addressed in Section 2.1 “Visions, Concepts and Early Designs of Space Stations (1865–1957)”. At the dawn of the real “space age”, i.e. in 1957 when the first artificial satellite Sputnik was launched, development in the field of space stations progressed in two different ways: the space programs of the USA on one hand and the space programs of the former Soviet Union on the other. Their efforts climaxed in the so-called “space race”, when the achievements of both nations followed each other in rapid succession and so each aiming to be the first nation on the moon, resulting in considerable progress on both sides: The USA conducted a significant number of studies and developed concepts leading up to the Apollo vehicles and, as a follow-up program, the space station Skylab. In the former Soviet Union, a series of Salyut space stations was developed and successfully operated. These achievements are covered in Sections 2.2 and 2.3. Important scientific and technological expertise was acquired in Europe during the 1980's which can be attributed to the development and operation of Spacelab (which was launched by a Space Shuttle). The Spacelab program will be briefly introduced in Section 2.4 and continued in Chapter 7 where its application is characterized.
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Messerschmid, E., Bertrand, R. (1999). History and Current Development. In: Space Stations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03974-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03974-8_2
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