Abstract
The reader will have noticed, especially in Chaps. 6 and 7, that a great deal of the information thus far presented has been obtained by spectroscopic techniques. By this is meant experiments in which the number of elementary excitations in a given infinitesimal energy interval (density of excitations) is measured. Among the excitations we have discussed are phonons, which have low energies, in the range of zero to 0.1 eV. Excitations of electrons from occupied valence to the empty conduction bands, and the corresponding excitons, have energies in the 0.1–10 eV range, an energy range which includes visible photons (1.8–3.5 eV).
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Yu, P.Y., Cardona, M. (1996). Photoelectron Spectroscopy. In: Fundamentals of Semiconductors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03313-5_8
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