Abstract
During the middle Silurian, at about 420 Ma, the Lockport strata (mostly dolostone) formed under peritidal conditions in an arid evaporitic setting. The environment of deposition was that of a shoaling-upward sequence from subtidal to intertidal and, subsequently, a supratidal setting followed by subaerial emergence. Under subaerial conditions now mineral-filled former vugs and cavities, and solution breccias, resulted from dissolution of evaporites by surface and near-surface percolating freshwaters. Vugs, cavities and solution-collapse breccias formed under subaerial conditions, representing an unconformity setting.
Subsequent subsidence depressed the strata to a burial depth of 5 km at which the strata were fractured and filled with sulfide, carbonate, and sulfate minerals, including saddle dolomite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, pyrite, fluorite, anhydrite, calcite, quartz, barite and celestite. The fluids from which the minerals precipitated were hot and saline; the temperatures were at about 150 °C. Their salinity exceeded that of seawater three- to sevenfold. The period of time between original deposition, subsidence to 5 km, and uplift and erosion took 170 to 220 million years. Uplift coincided with the Allegheny orogeny.
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Friedman, G.M. (1994). Dolostone-Hosted Sulfide Occurrences in Silurian Strata, Appalachian Basin of New York. In: Fontboté, L., Boni, M. (eds) Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores. Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03054-7_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03054-7_6
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