Skip to main content

Expression of Proto-Oncogenes and Protein Kinases in the Testis

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Schering Foundation Workshop ((SCHERING FOUND,volume 4))

Abstract

Specificity of expression is regarded as a strong indication that genes play a role in determining the phenotype or function of the cells in which they are expressed. A molecular genetic approach to understanding the control of male germ cell differentiation involves, in part, identifying genes that are expressed in a spermatogenic cell type-specific manner. Previous observations from our laboratory and others have shown that some testis-specific genes are expressed in spermatogenic cells in a stage-specific manner. Similarly, more ubiquitously expressed genes can exhibit particularly abundant expression in germ cells, often of uniquely sized transcripts. Both patterns of expression suggest a role for these genes in spermatogenesis or subsequent function of male gametes (rev. in Willison and Ashworth 1987; Hecht 1990; Erickson 1990; Wolgemuth and Watrin 1991).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arion D, Meijer L, Brizuela L and Beach D (1988) Cdc2 is a component of the M phase-specific histone Hl kinase: Evidence for identity with MPF. Cell 55: 371–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamson ED (1987) Oncogenes in development. Development 99: 449–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonner TI, Rapp UR (1987) The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus. Nucl Acids Res 15: 595–609

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Neriah YA, Bernards A, Paskind M, Daley GQ, Baltimore D (1986) Alternative 5’ exons in c-abl mRNA. Cell 44: 577–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besmer P, Murphy PC, George PC, Qui F, Bergold PJ, Lederman L, Snyder HW, Brodeur D, Zuckerman EE and Hardy WD (1986) A new acute transforming feline retrovirus and relationship of its oncogene v-kit with the protein kinase family. Nature 320: 415–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop JM (1983) Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses. Ann R Bioch 52: 301–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll MP, Spivak JL, McMahon M, Weich N, Rapp UF, May WS (1991) Erythropoietin induces raf-1 activation and raf-1 is required for erythropoietin-mediated proliferation. J Biol Chem 266: 14964–14969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman DL, Wolgemuth DJ (1992) Identification of a mouse B-type cyclin which exhibits developmentally regulated expression in the germ line. (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti M, Geremia R, Monesi V (1979) Adenosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinase activity in differentiating gern cell of mouse testis. Mol Cell Endo 13: 137–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conti, M, Adamo S, Geremia R, Monesi V (1983) Developmental changes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Biol Reprod 28: 260–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Cho BC, Donovan PJ, Jenkins NA, Cosman D, Anderson, D, Lynman, SD, Williams, DE (1990) Mast cell growth factor maps near the steel locus on mouse chromosome 10 and is deleted in a number of steel alleles. Cell 63: 175–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulombre JL, Russell ES (1954) Analysis of the pleiotropism at the W-locus in the mouse. The effects of W and Wv substitution upon postnatal development of germ cells. J exp Zool 126: 277–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolci S, Williams DE, Ernst MK, Resnick JL, Brannan CI, Lock LF, Lyman SD, Boswell HS and Donovan PJ (1991) Requirement for mast cell growth factor for primordial germ cell survival in culture. Nature 352: 809–811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Don J, Wolgemuth DJ (1992) Identification and characterization of the pattern of expression of a novel mouse meiosis-expressed gene, megl. (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Draetta G, Luca F, Westendorf J, Brizuela L, Ruderman J, Beach D (1989) Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: Evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF. Cell 56: 829–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson RP (1990) Post-meiotic gene expression. Trends Genet 6: 264–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans T, Rosenthal ET, Youngblom J, Distel D, Hunt T (1983) Cyclin: A protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cell division. Cell 33: 389–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischman, K, Edman, JC, Shackleford, GM, Turner, JA, Rutter, WJ, and Nir, U (1990) A murine fer testis-specific transcript (fer]) encodes a truncated fer protein. Mol Cell Biol 10: 146–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan JG, Leder P (1990) The kit ligand: A cell surface molecule altered in steel mutant fibroblasts. Cell 63: 185–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Geissler EN, Ryan MA, Housman DE (1988) The dominant white-spotting (W) locus of the mouse encodes the c-kit proto-oncogene. Cell 55: 185–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glotzer M, Murrary AW, Kirschner MW (1991) Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway. Nature 349: 132–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godin I, Deed R, Cooke J, Zsebo K, Dexter M and Wylie CC (1991) Effects of the steel gene product on mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 352: 807–809

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg RB, Geremia R, Bruce WR (1977) Histone synthesis and replace- ment during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Differentiation 7: 167–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman DS, Kiessling, AA, Millette CF, Cooper GM (1987) Expression of cmos RNA in germ cells of male and female mice. Proc Nat Acad Sci 84: 4509–4513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman DS, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (1988) Post-transcriptional processing suggests that c-mos functions as a maternal message in mouse eggs. Oncogene 3: 159–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecht NB (1990) Regulation of `haploid expressed genes’ in male germ cells. J Reprod Fert 88: 679–693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog NK, Ramagli LS, Arlinghaus RB (1989) Somatic cell expression of the c-mos protein. Oncogene 4: 1307–1315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang E, Nocka K, Beier DR, Chu T-Y, Buck J, Lahm H-W, Wellner D,. Leder P and Besmer P (1990) The hematopoietic growth factor KL is encoded by the Sl locus and is the ligand of the c-kit receptor, the gene product of the W locus. Cell 63: 225–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt T (1991) Cell cycle gets more cyclins. Nature 350: 462–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikawa S, Fukui M, Ueyama Y, Tamaoki N, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima K (1988) B-raf, a new member of the raf family, is activated by DNA rearrangement. Mol Cell Biol 8: 2651–2654

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennelly PJ, Krebs EG (1991) Consensus sequences as substrate specificity determinants for protein kinases and protein phosphatases. J Biol Chem 266: 15555–15558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keshet E, Itin A, Fischman K, Nir U (1990) The testis-specific transcript (fer T) of the tyrosine kinase FER is expressed during spermatogenesis in a stage-specific manner Mol Cell Biol 10: 5021–5025

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keshet E, Lyman SD, Williams DE, Anderson DM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Parada LF (1991) Embryonic expression patterns of the c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand suggest multiple functional roles in mouse development. EMBO J 10: 2425–2435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey WH (1984) Regulation of tyrosine-specific kinase activity at fertilization. Dev Biol 105: 137–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene KC, Flynn JF (1987) Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding a basic protein, TP2, involved in chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis in the mouse. J Biol Chem 262: 17272–17277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleene KC, Borzorgzadeh A, Flynn JF, Yelick PC, Hecht, NB (1988) Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding mouse transition protein 1. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 950: 215–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacina KS, Yonezawa K, Brautigan DL, Tonks NK, Rapp UF, Roth RA (1990) Insulin activates the kinase activity of the Raf-1 proto-oncogene by increasing its serine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 265: 12115–12118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labbe J-C, Picard A, Peaucellier G, Cavadore J-C, Nurse P Doree M (1989) Purification of MPF from starfish: Identification as the HI histone kinase p34cdc2 and a possible mechanism for its periodic activation. Cell 57: 253–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letwin K, Yee SP, Pawson T (1988) Novel protein-tyrosine kinase cDNAs related to fpslfes and eph cloned using anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Oncogene 3: 621–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leyton L and Saling P (1989) 95 kd sperm proteins bind ZP3 and serve as ty- rosine kinase substrates in response to zona binding. Cell 57: 1123–1130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Llamazares S, Moreira A, Tavares A, Girdham C, Spruce BA, Gonzalez C, Karess RE, Glover DM, Sunkel CE (1991) polo encodes a protein kinase homolog required for mitosis in Drosophila. Genes & Development 5: 2153–2165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manova K, Nocka K, Besmer P, Bachvarova RF (1990) Gonadal expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of the mouse. Development 110: 1057–1069

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui Y, Zsebo KM, Hogan BLM (1990) Embryonic expression of a haematopoietic growth factor by the Sl locus and the ligand for c-kit. Nature 347: 667–669

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer BJ, Jackson PK, Baltimore D (1991) The noncatalytic src homology region 2 segment of abl tyrosine kinase binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins with high affinity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88: 627–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer D, Hermans A, Von Lindern M, Van Agthoven T, De Klein A, Mackenbach P, Grootegoed A, Talarico D, Della Valle G, Grosveld G (1987) Molecular characterization of the testis specific c-abl mRNA in mouse. EMBOJ 6: 4041–4048

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer L, Azzi L, Wang JYJ (1991) Cyclin B targets p34c1c2 for tyrosine phosphorylation. EMBO J 10: 1545–1554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minshull J, Blow JJ, Hunt T (1989a) Translation of cyclin mRNA is necessary for extracts of activated xenopus eggs to enter mitosis. Cell 56: 947–956

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minshull J, Pines J, Golsteyn R, Standart N, Mackie S, Colman A, Blow J, Ruderman JV, Wu M, Hunt T (1989b) The role of cyclin synthesis, modification and destruction in the control of cell division. J Cell Sci Suppl 12: 77–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz B, Russell ES (1957). Gene-induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cell in the mouse. J Exp Zool 134: 207–230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moloney JB (1966) A virus-induced rhabdomyosarcoma of mice. National Cancer Institute Monographs 22: 139–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno S, Nurse P (1990) Substrates of p34cdc2: In vivo vantas. Cell 61: 549551

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison DK, Kaplan DR, Rapp U, Roberts TM (1988) Signal transduction from membrane to cytoplasm: Growth factors and membrane-bound oncogene products increase Raf-1 phosphorylation and associated protein kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85: 8855–8859

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison DK, Kaplan DR, Escobedo JA, Rapp UR, Roberts TM, Williams LT (1989) Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of Raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF ß-receptor. Cell 58: 649–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motro B, Van Der Kooy D, Rossant J, Reith A, Bernstein A (1991) Contiguous patterns of c-kit and steel expression: analysis of mutations at the W and SI loci. Development 113: 1207–1221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller R, Slamon DJ, Tremblay JM, Cline MJ, Verma IM (1982) Differential expression of cellular oncogenes during pre-and postnatal development of the mouse. Nature 299: 640–644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray AW, Kirschner MW (1989) Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle. Nature 339: 275–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray AW, Solomon MJ, Kirschner MW (1989) The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity. Nature 339: 280–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutter GL, Wolgemuth DJ (1987) Distinct developmental patterns of c-mos proto-oncogene expression in female and male mouse germ cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci 84: 5301–5305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutter GL, Grills GS, Wolgemuth DJ (1988) Evidence for the involvement of the proto-oncogene c-mos in mammalian meiotic maturation and possibly very early embryogenesis. EMBO J 7: 283–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Nocka K, Majumder S, Chabot B, Ray P, Cervone M, Bernstein A, Besmer P (1989) Expression of c-kit gene products in known cellular targets of W mutations in normal and W mutant mice–evidence for an impaired c-kit kinase in mutant mice. Genes Develop 3: 816–826

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe SJ, Wolfes H, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (1989) Microinjection of antisense c-mos oligonucleotides prevents meiosis II in the maturing mouse egg. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86: 7038–7042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe SJ, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (1991) The c-mos gene product is required for cyclin B accumulation during meiosis of mouse eggs. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88: 7869–7872

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oppi CS, Shore K, Reddy P (1987) Nucleotide sequence of testis-derived cabl cDNAs: implications for testis-specific transcription and abl oncogene activation. Proc Nat Acad Sci 84: 8200–8204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orr-Urtreger A, Avivi A, Zimmer Y, Givol D, Yarden Y, Lonai P (1990) Developmental expression of c-kit, a proto-oncogene encoded by the W locus. Development 109: 911–923

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paules RS, Buccione R, Moschel RC, Vande Woude GF, Eppig J (1989) Mouse mos proto-oncogene product is present and functions during oogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86: 5395–5399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pendergast AM, Traugh JA, Witte ON (1987) Normal cellular and transformation-associated abl proteins share common sites for protein kinase C phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 7: 4280–4289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pines J (1991) Cyclins: Wheels within wheels. Cell Growth & Differ 2: 305–310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponzetto C, Wolgemuth DJ (1985) Haploid expression of a unique c-abl transcript in the mouse male germ line. Mol Cell Biol 5: 1791–1794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponzetto C Wadewitz AG, Pendergast AM, Witte ON, Wolgemuth DJ (1989) P150c-Qvi is detected in mouse male germ cells by an in vitro kinase assay and is associated with stage-specific phosphoproteins in haploid cells. Oncogene 4: 685–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Propst F, Vande Woude GF (1985) Expression of c-mos proto-oncogene transcripts in mouse tissues. Nature 315: 516–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Propst F, Rosenberg NIP, Iyer A, Kaul K, Vande Woude G (1987) c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mucine tissues: structural features, delevopmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types. Mol Cell Biol 7: 1629–1637

    Google Scholar 

  • Qui F, Ray P, Brown K, Barker PE, Jhanwar S, Ruddle FH and Besmer P (1988) Primary structure of c-kit: Relationship with the CSF-1/PDGF receptor kinase family–Oncogenic activation of v-kit involves deletion of extracellular domain and C terminus. EMBO J 7: 1003–1011

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribot HD, Eisenman EA, Kinsey WH (1984) Fertilization results in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of egg proteins. J Biol Chem 259: 5333–5338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts TM, Kaplan D, Morgan W, Keller T, Mamon H, Piwnica-Wprms H, Druker B, Cantley L, Rapp UF, Morrison D (1988) Tyrosine phosphorylation in signal transduction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 53: 161–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosnet O, Marchetto S, deLapeyriere O, Birnbaum D (1991) Murine Flt3, a gene encoding a novel tyrosine kinase receptor of the PDGFR/CSF1R family. Oncogene 6: 1641–1650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sithanadam G, Kolch W, Duh FM, Rapp UR (1990) Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies. Oncogene 5: 1775–1780

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon MJ, Glotzer M, Lee TH, Philippe M, Kirschner MW (1990) Cyclin activation of p34cdc2 Cell 63: 1013–1024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrentino V, McKinney MD, Giorgi M, Geremia R, Fleissner E (1988) Expression of cellular proto-oncogenes in the mouse male germ line: a distinctive 2.4-kilobase pim-1 transcript is expressed in haploid post-meiotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 2191–2195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrentino V, Giorgi M, Geremia R, Besmer P and Pellegrino R (1991) Expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene in the murine male germ cells. Oncogene 6: 149–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Standart N, Minshull J, Pines J, Hunt T (1987) Cyclin synthesis, modification and destruction during meiotic maturation of the starfish oocyte. Devel. Biol. 124: 248–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Storm SM, Cleveland JL, Rapp UR (1990) Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues. Oncogene 5: 345–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung MT, Dixon GH (1970) Modification of histones during spermiogenesis in trout: A molecular mechanism for altering histone binding to DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci 67: 1616–1623

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajima Y, Onoue H, Kitamura Y, Nishimune Y (1991) Biologically active kit ligand growth factor is produced by mouse Sertoli cells and is defective in SId mutant mice. Development 113: 1031–1035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Hoorn FA, Spiegel JE, Maylié-Pfenninger and Nordeen SK (1991) A 43 kD c-mos protein is only expressed before meiosis during rat spermatogenesis. Oncogene 6: 929–932

    Google Scholar 

  • Verde F, Labbe J-C, Doree M, Karsenti E (1990) Regulation of microtubule dynamics by cdc2 protein kinase in cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs. Nature 343: 233–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadewitz AG, Wolgemuth DJ (1991) Characteristics of the expression of the c-abl and c-mos proto-oncogenes in mouse germ cells. In: Haseltine F, Findlay J (eds) Growth factors in fertility regulation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge pp 35–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Baltimore D (1983) Cellular RNA homologous to the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene: expression and relationship to the viral sequence. Mol Cell Biol 3: 773–779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wasylyk C, Wasylyk B, Heidecker G, Huleihel M, Rapp OF (1989) Expression of raf oncogenes the PEA1 transcription factor motif. Mol Cell Biol 9: 2247–2250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westendorf JM, Swenson KI, Ruderman JV (1989) The role of cyclin B in meiosis L J Cell Biol 108: 1431–1444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield WGF, Gonzales C, Sanchez-Herrero E, Glover D (1989) Transcripts of 1, 2 two Drosophila cyclin genes becomes localized in pole cells during embryogenesis. Nature 338: 337–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams DE, Eisenman J, Baird A, Rauch C, Van Ness K, March CJ, Park LS, Martin U, Mochizuki DY, Boswell HS, Burgess GS, Cosman D, Lyman SD (1990) Identification of a ligand for the c-kit proto-oncogene. Cell 63: 167–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willison K, Ashworth A (1987) Mammalian spermatogenic gene expression. Trends Genet 3: 351–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfes H, Kogawa K, Millette CF, Cooper GM (1989) Specific expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes before entry into meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis. Science 245: 740–743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolgemuth DJ, Watrin F (1991) List of cloned mouse genes with unique expression patterns during spermatogenesis. Mammalian Genome 1: 283–288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yarden Y, Kuang W-J, Yang-Feng T, Coussens L, Munemitsu S, Dull TJ, Chen E, Schlessinger J, Francke U, Ullrich A (1987) Human proto-oncogene c-kit: A new cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for an unidentified ligand. EMBO J 6: 3341–3351

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y-H, Krueger JG and Sudol M (1990) Expression of cellular-yes protein in mammalian tissues. Oncogene 5: 1629–1635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zsebo KM, Wypych J, McNiece IK, Lu HS, Smith KA, Karkare SB, Sachdev RK, Yuschenkoff VN, Birkett NC, Williams LR, Satyagal VN, Tung W, Bosseiman, RA, Mendiaz, EA, Langley, KE (1990a) Identification, purification, and biological characterization of hematopoietic stem cell factor from buffalo rat liver-conditioned medium. Cell 63: 195–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zsebo KM, Williams DA, Geissler EN, Broudy VC, Martin FH, Atkins HL, Hsu R-Y, Birkett NC, Okino KH, Murdock DC, Jacobsen FW, Langley KE, Smith KA, Takeishi T, Cattanach BM, Galli SJ and Suggs SV (1990b) Stem cell factor is encoded at the SI locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. Cell 63: 213–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wolgemuth, D.J., Don, J., Chapman, D.L., Winer, M.A. (1992). Expression of Proto-Oncogenes and Protein Kinases in the Testis. In: Nieschlag, E., Habenicht, UF. (eds) Spermatogenesis — Fertilization — Contraception. Schering Foundation Workshop, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02815-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02815-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-02817-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02815-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics