Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides are derived from plant cell walls or extruded by secretory vesicles. Pectic substances such as arabinogalactans, arabinans and galactans belong to the class of extracellular polysaccharides, as do glycoconjugates, such as arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), some hydroxyprolinerich glycoproteins (HRGPs) and some lectins.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams MF, Ettling BV (1973) Larch arabinogalactan. In: Whistler RL (ed) Industrial gums, 2nd edn. Academic Press. New York, p 415
Ahmed H, Chatterjee BP (1988) Wistaria sinensis agglutinin: purification, carbohydrate specificity, and characterisation of the combining site. Carbohydr Res 177: 173–183
Akiyama Y, Kato K (1981) An extracellular arabinogalactan-protein from Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochem 20 (11): 2507–2510
Akiyama Y, Kato K (1982a) An arabinoxyloglucan from extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Phytochemistry 21: 2112
Akiyama Y, Kato K (1982b) Methylation analysis of extracellular polysaccharides from suspenion-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 21: 1325
Albersheim P, Anderson-Prouty AJ (1975) Carbohydrates, proteins, cell surfaces, and the biochemistry of pathogenesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 26: 31–52
Albersheim P, Wolpert J (1977) Molecular determinants of symbiont-host selectivity between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants. In: Solheim B, Raa J (eds) Cell wall biochemistry. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp 373–376
Allen AK, Neuberger A (1973) The purification and properties of the lectin from potato tubers: a hydroxyproline containing glycoprotein. Biochem J 135: 307–314
Allen AK, Neuberger A, Sharon N (1973) The purification, composition and specificity of wheat-germ agglutinin. Biochem J 131: 155–162
Allen AK, Desai NN, Neuberger A, Creeth JM (1978) Properties of potato lectin and the nature of its glycoprotein linkages. Biochem J 171: 665–674
Anderson AJ (1982) Preformed resistance mechanisms. In: Mount MS, Lacy GH (eds) Phytopathogenic prokaryotes, vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 119–136
Anderson RL, Clarke AE, Jermyn MA, Knox RB, Stone BA (1977) A carbohydrate-binding arabinogalactan-protein from liquid suspension cultures of endosperm from Lolium multiflorum. Aust J Plant Physiol 4: 143–158
Aspinall GO (1970) Polysaccharides. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Aspinall GO (1973) Carbohydrate polymers of plant cell walls. In: Loewus F (ed) Biogenesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Academic Press, New York, p 95
Aspinall GO (1980) Chemistry of cell wall polysaccharides. In: Preiss J (ed) The biochemistry of plants, vol 3. Academic Press, New York, pp 473–500
Aspinall GO (1981) Constitution of plant cell wall polysaccharides. In: Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Plant carbohydrates. II. Extracellular carbohydrates. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 2–8
Aspinall GO (1982a) General introduction. In: Aspinall Go (ed) The polysaccharides, vol 1. Acad Press, New York, pp 1–18
Aspinall GO (1982b) Isolation and fractionation of polysaccharides. In: Aspinall Go (ed) The polysaccharides, vol 1. Acad Press, New York pp 19–34
Aspinall GO, Molloy JA, Craig JWT (1969) Extracellular polysaccharides from suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Can J Biochem 47: 1063–1070
Baenziger JU, Natowicz M (1981) Rapid separation of anionic oligosaccharide species by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 112: 357–361
Baldo BA, Neukom H, Stone BA, Uhlenbruck G (1978) Reaction of some invertebrate and plant agglutinins and a mouse myeloma anti-galactan protein with an arabinogalactan from wheat. Aust J Biol Sci 31: 149–160
Barber M, Bordoli RS, Sedgwick RD, Tyler AN (1981) Fast atom bombardment of solids as an ion source in mass spectrometry. Nature 293: 270–275
Barmore CR, Nguyen TK (1985) Polygalacturonase inhibition in rind of Valencia orange infected with Diplodia natalensis. Phytopathology 75: 446–449
Barnoud F, Mollard A, Dutton GGS (1977) Une xyloglucane ß 1–4 présente dans le milieu de culture des suspensions cellulaires de Rosa glauca. Physiol Veg 15: 153
Barrett AJ, Northcote DH (1965) Apple fruit pectic substances. Biochem J 94: 617–627
Bauer WD, Talmadge K, Keegstra K, Albersheim P (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. II. The hemicellulose of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol 51: 174–87
Bauer WD, Bhuvaneswari TV, Pueppke SG, Kettering LF (1977) The involvement of soybean lectin in host plant recognition of the nitrogen-fixing symbiont Rhizobium japonicum. In: Solheim B, Raa J (eds) Cell wall biochemistry. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp 377–380
Bebault GM, Dutton GGS, Funnell NA, Mackie KL (1978) Structural investigation of Klebsiella serotype K32 polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 63: 183–192
Beeley JG, Altoumah B, Jardine JJ (1983) The interaction between wheat-germ agglutinin and ovomucoid. Biochem Soc Trans 11: 103–104
Bell RM, Mavis RD, Osborn J, Vagelos PR (1971) Enzymes of phospholipid metabolism: localization in the cytoplasmic and outer membrane of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Biochim Biophys Acta 249: 628–635
BeMiller JN (1967) Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of glycosides. Adv Carbohydr Chem 22: 25
Bendayan M (1984) Enzyme-gold electron microscopic cytochemistry: a new affinity approach for the ultrastructural localization of macromolecules. J Elect Micros Tech 1: 349–372
Benhamou N, Ouellette GB, Gardiner RB, Day AW (1986) Immunocytochemical localization of antigen-binding sites in the cell surface of two ascomycete fungi using antibodies produced against fimbriae from Ustilago violacea and Rhodotorula rubra. Can J Microbiol 32: 871–883
Benhamou N, Chamberland H, Ouellette GB, Pauzè FJ (1988) Detection of galactose in two fungi causing wilt diseases and in their plant host tissues by means of goldcomplexed Ricinus communis agglutinin I. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 32: 249–266
Benhamou N, Mazau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT, Asselin A (1990a) Immunogold localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in necrotic tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc infected by tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 129–145
Benhamou N, Mazau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1990b) Immunocytochemical localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in tomato root cells infected by Fusarium oxysproum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici: study of compatible interaction. Phytopathology 80: 163–173
Benhamou N, Chamberland H, Pauzé FJ (1990c) Implication of pectic components in cell surface interactions between tomato root cells and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Plant Physiol 92: 995–1003
Berlin RD (1972) Effect of concanavalin A on phagocytosis. Nature 235: 44–45
Bethell GS, Ayers JS, Hancock WS, Hearn MTW (1979) A novel method of activation of cross-linked agaroses with 1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole which gives a matrix for affinity chromatography devoid of additional charged groups. J Biol Chem 254: 2572–2574
Bhattacharyya L, Brewer CF (1988a) Binding and precipitation of lectins from Erythrina indica and Ricinus communis (agglutinin I) with synthetic cluster glycosides. Arch Biochem Biophys 262 (2): 605–608
Bhattacharyya L, Brewer CF (1988b) Lectin-carbohydrate interactions. Studies of the nature of hydrogen bonding between D-galactose and certain D-galactose-specific lectins, and between D-mannose and concanavalin A. Eur J Biochem 176: 207–212
Bhattacharyya L, Ceccarini C, Lorenzoni P, Brewer CF (1987a) Concanavalin A in interactions with asparagine-linked glycopeptides. Bivalency of high mannose and bisected hybrid type glycopeptides. J Biol Chem 262: 1288–1293
Bhattacharyya L, Haraldsson M, Brewer CF (1987b) Concanavalin A interactions with asparagine-linked glycopeptides. Bivalency of bisected complex type oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem 262: 1294–1299
Bhattacharyya L, Haraldsson M, Brewer CF (1988) Precipitation of galactose-specific lectins by complex-type oligosaccharides and glycopeptides: studies with lectins from Ricinus communis (agglutinin I), Erythrina indica, Erythrina arborescens, Abrus precatorius (agglutinin), and Glycine max (soybean). Biochemistry 27: 1034–1041
Bhuvaneswari TV, Pueppke SG, Bauer WD (1977) Role of lectins in plant microorganism interactions. I. Binding of soybean lectin to rhizobia. Plant Physiol 60: 486–491
Bishop CD, Cooper RM (1983) An ultrastructural study of root invasion in three vascular wilt diseases. Physiol Plant Pathol 22: 15–27
Bishop PD, Pearce G, Bryant J, Ryan CA (1984) Isolation and characterization of the proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor from tomato leaves: identity and activity of poly-and oligo-galacturonide fragments. J Biol Chem 259: 13127–13177
Blumberg S, Hildesheim J, Yariv J, Wilson KJ (1972) The use of I-amino-L-fucose bound to sepharose in the isolation of L-fucose-binding proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 264: 171–176
Bog-Hansen TC, Bjerrum OJ, Brogren CH (1977) Identification and quantification of glycoproteins by affinity electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 81 (1): 78–87
Brammall RA, Higgins VJ (1988) A histological comparison of fungal colonization in tomato seedlings susceptible and resistant to Fusarium crown and root rot disease. Can J Bot 66: 915–925
Bretschneider KE, Gonella MP, Robeson DJ (1989) A comparative light and electron microscopical study of compatible and incompatible interactions between Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 285–297
Brown IR, Mansfield JW (1988) An ultrastructural study, including cytochemistry and quantitative analyses, of the interactions between pseudomonads and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 351–376
Brown IR, Mansfield JW, Mazau D, Rumeau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1990) Immunocytochemical localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in bean and melon leaves challenged by bacteria. Proc 7th Int Conf Plant Path Bact, Budapest, Hungary, 1989, pp 51–56
Brown RG, Kimmins WC (1973) Hypersensitive resistance. Isolation and characterization of glycoproteins from plants with localized infections. Can J Bot 51: 1917–1926
Brown RG, Kimmins WC (1978) Protein-polysaccharide linkages in glycoproteins from Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytochem 17: 29–33
Bruce RJ, West CA (1982) Elicitation of casbene synthetase activity in castorbean. Plant Physiol 69: 1181–1188
Bucheli P, Doares SH, Albersheim P, Darvill A (1990) A host-pathogen interactions. XXXV. Partial purification and characterization of heat-labile molecules secreted by the rice blast pathogen that solubilize plant cell wall fragments that kill plant cells. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 159–173
Burdon RH, van Knippenberg PH (1985) Isolation and fractionation. In: Work TS (ed) Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology, vol 16. Beeley JS (ed): Glycoprotein and proteoglycan techniques. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 29–62
Burger MM, Goldberg AR (1967) Identification of a tumor-specific determinant on neoplastic cell surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 57: 359–366
Burke D, Kaufman P, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1974) The structure of plant cell walls. VI. A survey of the walls of suspension-cultured monocots. Plant Physiol 54: 109
Callow JA (1975) Plant lectins. Curr Adv Plant Sci 7: 181–193
Callow JA (1977) Recognition, resistance, and role of plant lectins in host-parasite interactions. In: Preston RD, Woolhouse HW (eds) Advances in botanical research. Academic Press, London, pp 1–49
Carrasco A, Boudet AM, Marigo G (1978) Enhanced resistance of tomato plants to Fusarium by controlled stimmulation of their natural phenolic production. Physiol Plant Pathol 12: 225–232
Cartier N, Chambat G, Joseleau J-P (1988) Cell wall and extracellular galactoglucomannans from suspension-cultured Rubus fruticosus cells. Phytochemistry 27 (5): 1361–1364
Cassab GI, Varner JE (1987) Immunocytolocalization of extensin in developing soybean seed coats by immunogold-silver staining and by tissue printing on nitrocellulose paper. J Cell Biol 105: 2581–2588
Cassab GI, Varner JE (1988) Cell wall proteins. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39: 321–353
Catt JW, Hills GJ, Roberts K (1976) A structural glycoprotein, containing hydroxyproline, isolated from the cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Planta 131: 165–171
Cervone F, De Lorenzo G, Degrà L, Salvi G (1987) Elicitation of necrosis in Vigna unguiculata Walp. by homogeneous Aspergillus niger endo-polygalacturonase and by a-D-galacturonate oligomers. Plant Physiol 85: 626–630
Cervone F, Hahn MG, De Lorenzo G, Darvill A, Albersheim P (1989a) Host-pathogen interactions. XXXIII. A plant protein converts a fungal pathogenesis factor into an elicitor of plant defense responses. Plant Physiol 90: 542–548
Cervone F, Lorenzo De, D’Ovidio R, Hahn MG, Ito Y, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1989b) Phytotoxic effects and phytoalexin-elicitor activity of microbial pectic enzymes. In: Ballio A, Durbin RD, Graniti A (eds) Phytotoxins and plant pathogenesis. NATO ASI Ser 27. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 473–477
Chamberland H, Benhamou N, Ouellette GB, Pauzè FJ (1989) Cytochemical detection of saccharide residues in paramural bodies formed in tomato root cells infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 131–146
Chaplin MF (1982) A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of carbohydrate components in glycoproteins using gas-liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 123: 336–341
Chaplin MF, Kennedy JF (1986) Carbohydrate analysis, a practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford
Chen J, Varner JE (1985) Biology and molecular biology of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. In: Strumpf, PK, Conn EE (eds) The biochemistry of plants. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 485–520
Cho YP, Chrispeels MJ (1976) Serine-O-galactosyl linkages in glycopeptides from carrot cell walls. Phytochemistry 15: 165–169
Chrispeels MJ (1976) Biosynthesis, intracellular transport and secretion of extracellular macromolecules. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 27: 19–38
Chrispeels MJ, Sadava D, Cho YP (1974) Enhancement of extensin biosynthesis in aging discs of carrot storage tissue. J Exp Bot 25: 1157–1166
Clarke AE, Gleeson PA, Jermyn MA, Knox RB (1978) Characterization and localization of beta-lectins in lower and higher plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 5 (5): 707–722
Clarke AE, Anderson RL, Stone BA (1979) Form and function of arabinobalactans and arabinogalactan-proteins. Phytochemistry 18: 521–540
Clarke JA, Shannon LM (1976) The isolation and characterisation of the glycopeptides from horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C. Biochim Biophys Acta 427: 428–442
Clarke JA, Lisker N, Lamport DTA, Ellingboe AH (1981) Hydroxyproline enhancement as a primary event in the successful development of Erysiphe graminis in wheat. Plant Physiol 67: 188–189
Cline MN, Neely D (1983) Wound healing process in geranium cuttings in relationship to basal stem rot caused by Pythium ultimum. Plant Dis 67 (6): 636–638
Cooper, JB, Varner JE (1983) Insolubilization of hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoprotein in aerated carrot root slices. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 112: 161167
Corbin DR, Sauer N, Lamb CJ (1987) Differential regulation of a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene family in wounded and infected plants. Mol Cell Biol 7: 4337–4344
Craig S, Moore PJ, Dunahay TG (1987) Immunogold localization of intra-and extra-cellular proteins and polysaccharides of plant cells. Scanning Electron Microsc 1: 1431–1437
Cuatrecasas P (1970) Protein purification by affinity chromatography. Derivatizations of agarose and polyacrylamide beads. J Biol Chem 245: 3059–3065
Cuatrecasas P (1972) Affinity chromatography of macromolecules. Adv Enzymol 36: 2989
Cuatrecasas P, Parikh I (1972) Adsorbents for affinity chromatography — use of nhydroxysuccinimide esters of agarose. Biochemistry 11: 2291–2299
Cuatrecasas P, Tell APE (1973) Insulin-like activity of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin-direct interactions with insulin receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70: 485
Currier HB, Webster DH (1964) Callose formation and subsequent disappearance: Studies in ultrasound stimulation. Plant Physiol 39: 843–847
Dabrowski J, Hanfland P, Egge H (1982) Analysis of glycosphingolipids by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Meth Enzymol 83: 69–83
Darvill A, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1978) Structure of plant cell walls. VIII. A new pectic polysaccharide. Plant Physiol 62: 418–442
Darvill AG, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1980a) General and facile method for distinguishing 4-linked aldopyranosyl residues from 5-linked aldofuranosyl residues. Carbohydr Res 86: 309–315
Darvill AG, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1980b) Structure of plant cell walls. XI. Glucuronoarabinoxylan, a second hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol 66: 1135–1139
Davey MW, Sulkowski E, Carter WA (1976) Binding of human fibroblast interferon to concanavalin A-agarose — involvement of carbohydrate recognition and hydrophobic interactions. Biochemistry 15: 704–713
Davis KR, Lyon GD, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1982) A poygalacturonic acid lyase isolated from Erwinia carotovora is an elicitor of phytoalexins in soybeans. Plant Physiol 69 (Suppl): 142
Davis KR, Lyon GD, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1984) Host-pathogen interactions. XXV. Endopolygalacturonic acid lyase from Erwinia carotovora elicits phytoalexin accumulation by releasing plant cell wall fragments. Plant Physiol 74: 52–60
Davis KR, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Dell A (1986a) Host-pathogen interactions. XXX. Characterization of elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in soybean released from soybean cell walls by endopolygalacturonic acid lyase. Z Naturforsch 41c: 39–48
Davis KR, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Dell A (1986b) Host-pathogen interactions. IX. Oligogalacturonides released from sodium polypectate by endopolygalacturonic acid lyase are elicitors of phytoalexins in soybean. Plant Physiol 80: 568–577
Dazzo FB (1977) Cross reactive antigens and lectin as determinants of host specificity in the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis. In: Solheim B, Raa J (eds) Cell wall biochemistry. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp 389–400
Debray H, Decout D, Strecker G, Spik G, Montreuil J (1981) Specificity of twelve lectins towards oligosaccharides and glycopeptides related to N-glycosylproteins. Eur J Biochem 117: 41–55
Debray H, Pierce-Crètel A, Spik G, Montreuil J (1983) Affinity of ten solubilized lectins towards various glycopeptides with N-glycosylamine linkage and related oligosaccharides. In: Bog-Hansen TC, Spengler GA (eds) Lectins — biology, clinical biochemistry, biochemistry, vol 3. De Gruyter, Berlin, p 335
Degrà L, Salvi G, Mariotti D, De Lorenzo G, Cervone F (1988) A polygalacturonaseinhibiting protein in alfalfa callus cultures. J Plant Physiol 133: 364–366
Delaat AMM, van Loon LC (1983) The relationship between stimulated ethylene production and symptom expression in virus-infected tobacco leaves. Physiol Plant Pathol 22: 261–273
De Lorenzo G, Salvi G, Degrà L, D’Ovidio R, Cervone F (1987) Induction of extracellular polygalacturonase and its mRNA in the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium moniliforme. J Gen Microbiol 133: 3365–3373
Desai NN, Allen AK, Neuberger A (1981) Some properties of the lectin from Datura stramonium (thorn apple) and the nature of its glycoprotein linkages. Biochem J 197: 345–353
Dey PM, Harborn JB (1990) Oligosaccharides. In: Dey PM, Harborne JB (eds) Methods in plant biochemistry. Carbohydrates, vol 2. Academic Press, London, 657 pp
Dixon RA, Jennings AC, Davies LA, Gerrish C, Murphy DL (1989) Elicitor-active components from French bean hypocotyls. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 34: 99–115
Doares SH, Bucheli P, Albersheim P, Darvill AG (1989) Host-pathogen interactions XXXIV. A heat-labile activity secreted by a fungal phytopathogen releases fragments of plant cell walls that kill plant cells. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 2 (6): 346–353
Ebrahim-Nesbat F, Slusarenko AJ (1983) Ultrastructure of the interaction of cells of Pseudomonas phaseolicola with cell walls of a resistant and susceptible bean cultivar. Phytopathol Z 108: 148–159
Eda S, Kato K (1978) An arabinoxyloglucan from the midrip of the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Agric Biol Chem 42: 351–357
Eda S, Ohnishi A, Kato K (1976) Xylan isolated from stalk of Nicotiana tabacum. Agric Biol Chem 40: 359–364
Eda S, Watanabe F, Kato K (1977) Studies on chemical structure of tobacco hemicellulose 2. 4–0-Methylglucuronoxylan isolated from midrip of Nicotiana tabacum. Agric Biol Chem 41: 429–434
Eda S, Akiyama Y, Kato K, Ishizu A, Nakano J (1985) A galaktoglucomannan from cell walls of suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells. Carbohydrate Res 137: 173–181
Edelman GM, Wang JL (1978) Binding and functional properties of concanavalin A and its derivatives. III. Interactions with indoleacetic acid and other hydrophobic ligands. J Biol Chem 253: 3016–3022
El-Banoby FE, Rudolph K (1980) Purification of extracellular polysaccharides from Pseudomonas phaseolicola which induce water-soaking in bean leaves. Physiol Plant Pathol 16: 425–437
El-Banoby FE, Rudolph K (1981) Correlation between degree of agglutination of Pseudomonas phaseolicola cells by raw lectin preparations from 15 bush bean cultivars and degree of resistance to bacterial infection. Phytopathology 71: 872
English PD, Mglothin A, Keegstra K, Albersheim P (1972) A cell wall-degrading endopolygalacturonase secreted by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Plant Physiol 49: 293
Epstein L, Lamport DTA (1984) An intramolecular linkage involving isodityrosine in extensin. Phytochemistry 23: 1241–46
Esquerrè-Tugayè MT, Lamport DTA (1979) Cell surfaces in plant-microorganism interactions. Plant Physiol 64: 314–319
Esquerrè-Tugayè MT, Lafitte C, Mazau D, Toppan A, Touzè A (1979) Cell surfaces in plant-microorganism interactions. Evidence for the accumulation of hydroxyprolinerich glycoproteins in the cell wall of diseased plants as a defense mechanism. Plant Physiol 64: 320–326
Faulk WP, Taylor GM (1971) An immunocolloid gold for the electron microscope. Immunochemistry 8: 1081–1083
Felsted RL, Leavitt RD, Bachur NR (1975) Purification of the phytohemagglutinin family of proteins from red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by affinity chromatography. Biochem Biophys Acta 405: 72–81
Fett WF, Sequeira L (1980) A new bacterial agglutinin from soybean. Plant Physiol 66: 847–852
Fincher GB, Stone BA (1974) A water-soluble arabinogalactan-peptide from wheat endosperm. Aust J Biol Sci 27: 117–132
Fincher GB, Stone BA (1983) Arabinogalactan-proteins: structure, biosynthesis, and function. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 34: 47–70
Fincher GB, Sawyer WH, Stone BA (1974) Chemical and physical properties of an arabinogalactan peptide from wheat endosperm. Biochem J 139: 535–545
Fincher GB, Stone BA, Clarke AE (1983) Arabinogalactan-Proteins: structure, biosynthesis and function. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 34: 47–70
Fornstedt N, Porath J (1975) Characterization studies on a new lectin found in seeds of Vicia ervilia. FEBS Lett 57: 187–191
Franz G (1976) The dependence of membrane-bound glucan synthetases on glycoprotein which can act as acceptor molecules. Appl Polymer Symp 28: 611
Freier T, Rüdiger H (1987) In vivo binding partners of the Lens culinaris lectin. J. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 368: 1215–1223
Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold solutions. Nat Phys Sci 241: 20–22
Friend J (1976) Lignification in infected tissue. In: Friend J, Threlfall DR (eds) Biochemical aspects of plant-parasite-relationships. Acad Press, New York, pp 291303
Fry SC (1982) Isodityrosine, a new cross-linking amino acid from plant cell-wall glycoprotein. Biochem J 204: 449–455
Fry SC (1986) Cross-linking of matrix polymers in the growing cell walls of angiosperms. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 37: 165–186
Fry SC, Milholland RD (1990) Response of resistant, tolerant, and susceptible grapevine tissues to invasion by the Pierce’s disease bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology 80: 66–69
Gabius H-J (1991) Comparative analysis of lectin purification by various immobilized affinity ligands. Anal Biochem (in press)
Gabius H-J, Engelhardt R (1987) Interaction of mannose-binding proteins with different types of immobilized ligands. J Chromatogr 391: 452–456
Gabius H-J, Rüdiger H, Uhlenbruck G (1988) Lektine. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Nov 1988, pp 50–60
Gardiner M, Chrispeels MJ (1975) Involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the synthesis and secretion of hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoproteins. Plant Physiol 55: 536–541
Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1978) Determination of the D and L configuration of neutral monosacharides by high-resolution capillary G.L.C. Carbohydr Res 62: 349–357
Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1979) Determination of the absolute configuration of monosaccharides in complex carbohydrates by capillary G.L.C. Carbohydr Res 77: 1–7
Ghanekar A, Pérombelon MCM (1980) Interactions between potato lectin and some phytobacteria in relation to potato tuber decay caused by Erwinia carotovora. Phytopath Z 98: 137–149
Gleeson PA, Clarke AE (1979) Structural studies on the major component of Gladiolus style mucilage, an arabinogalactan-protein. Biochem J 181: 607–621
Gleeson PA, Jermyn MA (1979) Alteration of the composition of 13-lectins caused by chemical and enzymic attack. Aust J Plant Physiol 6: 25–38
Gleeson PA, Clarke AE, Jermyn MA, Knox RB (1978) Arabinogalactan proteins of the female reproductive tissues of Gladiolus gandavensis. Proc Aust Biochem Soc 11, Univ Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, p 33
Gleeson PA, Jermyn MA, Clarke AE (1979) Isolation of an arabinogalactan protein by lectin affinity chromatography on Tridacnin-Sepharose 4B. Anal Biochem 92: 41–45
Goldstein IJ, Poretz RD (1986) Isolation, physicochemical characterization, and carbohydrate-binding specificity of lectins. In: Liener IE, Sharon N, Goldstein IJ (eds) The lectins. Academic Press, New York, pp 33–247
Gordon JA, Blumberg S, Lis H, Sharon N (1972) Purification of soybean agglutinin by affinity chromatography on sepharose-N-E-aminocaproyl-ß-D-galactopyranosylamine. FEBS Lett 24: 193–196
Green ED, Baenziger JU (1987) Oligosaccharide specificities of Phaseolus vulgaris. Leukoagglutinating and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinins. Interactions with N-glycanase released oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem 262: 12018–12029
Green ED, Brodbeck RM, Baenziger JU (1987) Lectin affinity high-performance liquid chromatography. Interactions of N-glycanase-released oligosaccharides with Ricinus communis agglutinin I and Ricinus communis agglutinin II. J Biol Chem 262 (25): 12030–12039
Gross M, Rudolph K (1987) Demonstration of levan and alginate in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. J Phytopathol 120: 9–19
Hahn MG, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1981) Host-pathogen interactions. XIX. The endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans. Plant Physiol 68: 1161–1169
Hahn MG, Bucheli P, Cervone F, Doares SH, O’Neill RA, Darvill A, Albersheim P (1989) The roles of cell wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In: Nester E, Kosuge T (eds) Plant microbe interactions, vol 3. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 131–181
Hahne G, Lörz H (1988) Release of phytotoxic factors from plant cell walls during protoplast isolation. J Plant Physiol 132: 345–350
Hajto T, Hostanska K, Gabius HJ (1989) Modulatory potency of the ß-galactosidespecific lectin from mistletoe extract (iscador) on the host defense system in vivo in rabbits and patients. Cancer Res 49: 4803–4808
Hammarström S, Hammarström ML, Sundblad G, Arnarp J, Lonngren J (1982) Mitogenic leukoagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris binds to a pentasaccharide unit in N-acetyllactosamine-type glycoprotein glycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1611–1615
Hammerschmidt R, Lamport DTA, Muldoon EP (1984) Cell wall hydroxyproline enhancement and lignin deposition as an early event in the resistance of cucumber to Cladosporium cucumerinum. Physiol Plant Pathol 24: 43–47
Hardy MR, Townsend RR, Lee YC (1988) Monosaccharide analysis of glycoconjugates by anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Anal Biochem 170: 54–62
Harper S, Zewdie N, Brown IR, Mansfield JW (1987) Histological, physiological and genetical studies of the responses of leaves and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris to three races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and to Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 31: 153–172
Hauzer K, Tichâ M, Horejsi V, Kocourek J (1979) Studies on lectins. XLIV. The pH dependence of lectin interaction with sugars as determined by affinity electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 583: 103–109
Hawes GB, Adams GA (1972) Extracellular arabinogalactan from suspension-cultured red kidney bean root cells. Phytochemistry 1: 1461–1465
Hayashi T, Marsden MPF, Delmer DP (1987) Pea xyloglucan and cellulose. V. Xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in vitro and in vivo. Plant Physiol 83: 384–389
Hayashi T, Kato Y, Natsuda K (1980) Xyloglucan from suspension-cultured soybean cells. Plant Cell Physiol 21: 1405
Hayashi T, Wong YS, MacLachlan G (1984) Pea xyloglucan and cellulose. II. Hydrolysis by pea endo-1,4-ß-glucanases. Plant Physiol 75: 605–610
Herbert WJ (1978) Passive haemagglutination with special reference to the tanned cell technique. In: Weir DM (ed) Handbook of experimental immunology, 3rd edn. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 20.1–20. 20
Hirst EL, Rees DA, Richardson NG (1965) Seed polysaccharides and their role in germination. A survey of the polysaccharide components of mustard seeds with special reference to the embryos. Biochem J 95: 453–458
Hoffmann RM, Turner JG (1982) Partial purification of proteins from pea leaflets that inhibit Ascochyta pisi endopolygalacturonase. Physiol Plant Pathol 20: 173–187
Hori H (1978) The demonstration of galactosamine in extracellular hydroxyproline-rich macro-molecule purified from the culture media of tobacco cells. Plant Cell Physiol 19: 501–595
Hori H, Sato S (1977) Extracellular hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins of suspension cultured tobacco cells. Phytochemistry 16: 1485–1487
Horisberger M, Rosset J, Bauer H (1975) Colloidal gold granules as markers for cell surface receptors in the scanning EM. Experientia 31: 1147–1148
Horisberger M, Rosset J (1977) Gold granules, as useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 25: 295–305
Huang JS (1990) Encapsulation or agglutination of bacteria. In: Klement Z, Rudolph K, Sands DC (eds) Methods in phytobacteriology. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp 483–486
Huang PJ, Huang JS, Goodman RN (1975) Resistance mechanism of apple shoots to an avirulent strain of Erwinia amylovora. Physiol Plant Pathol 6: 283–287
Huet C, Longchamp M, Huet M, Bernadec A (1974) Temperature effects on the concanavalin A molecule and on concanavalin A binding. Biochim Biophys Acta 365: 28–39
Inbar M, Sachs L (1969) Interaction of the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A with normal and transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 63: 1418–1425
Ishii S (1988) Factors influencing protoplast viability of suspension-cultured rice cells during isolation process. Plant Physiol 88: 26–29
Janzen DH, Juster HB, Liener IE (1976) Insecticidal action of the phytohemagglutinin in black beans on a bruchid beetle. Science 192: 795–796
Jarvis MC, Threlfall DR, Friend J (1978) Alkali-labile bonds in the potato cell wall. Biochem Soc Trans 6: 391–392
Jasalavich CA, Anderson AJ (1981) Isolation from legume tissues of an agglutinin of saprophytic pseudomonads. Can J Bot 59: 264–271
Jermyn MA, Yeow YM (1975) A class of lectins present in the tissues of seed plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 2: 501–531
Johansen DA (1940) Microchemical methods. In: Johansen DA (ed) Plant microtechnique, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 182–203
Jin DF, West CA (1984) Characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings. Plant Physiol 74: 989–992
Juliano RL, Li G (1978) Glycoproteins of CHO cell membrane — partial fractionation of receptors for concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin using a lectin immunoprecipitation technique. Biochemistry 17: 678–683
Karnovsky MJ (1965) A formaldehyde glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 27:137 A
Kauss H (1981) 25 lectins and their physiological role in slime molds and in higher plants. In: Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Plant carbohydrates II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 627–657
Kauss H, Glaser Ch (1974) Carbohydrate-binding proteins from plant cell walls and their possible involvement in extension growth. FEBS Lett 45: 304–307
Kauss H, Bowles D (1976) Some properties of carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) solubilized from cell walls of Phaseolus aureus. Planta 130: 169–174
Kawasaki S (1987) Synthesis of arabinose-containing cell wall precursors in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. IV. Differential subfractionation and comparison of the acidic precursors. Plant Cell Physiol 28: 925–935
Keegstra K, Talmadge KW, Bauer WD, Albersheim P (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. III. A model of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells based on the interconnections of the macromolecular components. Plant Physiol 51: 188–196
Keen NT, Holliday MJ (1982) Recognition of bacterial pathogens by plants. In: Mount MS, Lacy GH (eds) Phytopathogenic prokaryotes. Academic Press, New York, pp 179–217
Kieliszewski M, Lamport DTA (1987) Purification and partial characterization of a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in a graminaceous monocot, Zea mays. Plant Physiol 85: 823–827
Kilpatrick DC (1980) Purification and some properties of a lectin from the fruit juice of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Biochem J 185: 269–272
Knee M (1975) Soluble and wall-bound glycoproteins of apple fruit tissue. Phytochemistry 14: 2181–2188
Kojima M, Uritani I (1974) The possible involvement of a spore agglutinating factor(s) in various plants in establishing host specificity by various strains of black rot fungus, Ceratocystis fimbriata. Plant Cell Physiol 15: 733–737
Kopp M, Rouster J, Fritig B, Darvill A, Albersheim P (1989) Host-pathogen interactions. XXXII. A fungal glucan preparation protects Nicotinanae against infection by viruses. Plant Physiol 90: 208–216
Kornfeld R, Ferris C (1975) Interaction of immunoglobulin glycopeptides with concanavalin A. J Biol Chem 250: 2614
Kornfeld S, Adair WL, Gottlieb C, Kornfeld R (1974) Membrane glycoproteins as plant lectin receptors. In: Lee EYC, Smith EE (eds) Biology and chemistry of eukaryotic cell surfaces. Academic Press, London, pp 291–316
Lamport DTA (1965) The protein component of primary cell walls. Adv Bot Res 2: 151–218
Lamport DTA (1977) Structure, biosynthesis and significance of cell wall glycoproteins. Rec Adv Phytochem 11: 79–115
Lamport DTA, Catt JW (1981) Glycoproteins and enzymes of the cell wall. In: Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Plant carbohydrates II. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 133–165
Lamport DTA, Miller DH (1971) Hydroxyproline arabinosides in the plant kingdom. Plant Physiol 48: 454–456
Lamport DTA, Northcote DH (1960) Hydroxyproline in primary cell walls of higher plants. Nature 188: 665–666
Lamport DTA, Katona L, Roerig S (1973) Galactosylserine in extensin. Biochem J 133: 125–131
Lau JM, McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1985) Structure of the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan I, a pectic polysaccharide in the primary cell walls of plants. Carbohydr Res 137: 111–125
Laurell CB (1965) Antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 10: 358–361
Lawson RH, Dienett MM, Civerolo EL (1989) Histopathology of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri from Florida and Mexico in wound-inoculated detached leaves of Citrus aurantifolia: light and scanning electron microscopy. Phytopathology 79: 329–335
Leach JE, Cantrell MA, Sequeira L (1982) A hydroxyproline-rich bacterial agglutinin from potato: its localization by immunofluorescence. Physiol Plant Pathol 21: 319–325
Leavitt RD, Felsted RL, Bachur NR (1977) Biological and biochemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris isolectins. J Biol Chem 252 (9): 2961–2966
Leduc EH, Bernhard W (1967) Recent modifications of the glycol methalcrylate embedding procedure. J Ultrastruct Res 19: 196–199
Lee SC, West CA (1981) Polygalacturonase from Rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings. Plant Physiol 67: 633
Lee YC (1972) Analysis of sugars by automated liquid chromatography. In: Ginsburg V (ed) Methods in enzymology, vol 28. Academic Press, New York, pp 63–73
Lindberg B, Lönngren J, Svensson S (1975) Specific degradation of polysaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 31: 185
Lippincott JA, Lippincott B (1977) Nature and specificity of the bacterium-host attachment in Agrobacterium infection. In: Solheim B, Raa J (eds) Cell wall biochemistry. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp 439–451
Lockhart-Ewart RB, Kornfeld S, Kipnis DM (1973) Stimulation of insulin release from isolated rat islets by mushroom phytohemagglutinin in vitro. Clin Res 21: 622
Lotan R, Gussin AES, Lis H, Sharon N (1973a) Purification of wheat germ agglutinin by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-bound N-acetylglucosamine derivative. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 52: 656–662
Lotan R, Lis H, Rosenwasser A, Novogrodsky A, Sharon N (1973b) Enhancement of the biological activities of soybean agglutinin by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 55: 1347–1355
Lotan R, Siegelman HW, Lis H, Sharon N (1974) Subunit structure of soybean agglutinin. J Biol Chem 249 (4): 1219–1224
Lotan R, Beattie G, Hubbell IW, Nicolson GL (1977) Activities of lectins and their immobilized derivatives in detergent solutions. Implication on the use of lectin affinity chromatography for the purification of membrane glycoproteins. Biochemistry 16: 1787–1794
Lowe CR (1979) An introduction to affinity chromatography. In: Work TS, Work E (eds) Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology, vol 7, part I I. North-Holland, Amsterdam
March SC, Parikh I, Cuatrecasas P (1974) A simplified method for cyanogen bromide activation of agarose for affinity chromatography. Anal Biochem 60: 149–152
Marinkovich VA (1964) Purification and characterization of the hemagglutinin present in potatoes. J Immunol 93: 732–741
Mau SL, Raff JW, Clarke AE (1982) Isolation and partial characterization of components of Prunus avium L. styles, including an S-allele-associated antigenic glycoprotein. Planta 156: 505–516
Mazau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1986) Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation in the cell walls of plants infected by various pathogens. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 29: 147–157
Mazau D, Rumeau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1987a) Biochemical characterization and immunocytochemical localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in infected plants. Plant Physiol (Suppl) 83: 658
Mazau D, Rumeau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1987b) Molecular approaches to understanding cell surface interactions between plants and fungal pathogens. Plant Physiol Biochem 25: 337–343
Mazau D, Rumeau D, Esquerré-Tugayé MT (1988) Two different families of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in melon callus. Plant Physiol 86: 540–546
Mazzucchi U (1983) Recognition of bacteria by plants. In: Callow JA (ed) Biochemical plant pathology. John Wiley Sons, New York, pp 299–324
McNamara MK, Stone BA (1978) Isolation of a carbohydrate-protein linkage compound from wheat endosperm arabinogalactan-peptide and its chemical synthesis. Abstracts of contributed papers and posters. IXth Int Symp Carbohydr Chem London, 10–14 4 78, IUPAC, Intern. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Oxford, p 43
McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1979) The structural polymers of the primary cell walls of dicots. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW (eds) Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products 37. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 191–249
McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1980) Structure of plant cell walls. X. Rhamnogalacturonan I, a structurally complex pectic polysaccharide in the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol 66: 1128–1134
McNeil M, Darvill AG, Aman P, Franzén L-E, Albersheim P (1982) Structural analysis of complex carbohydrates using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Meth Enzymol 83: 3–45
McNeil M, Darvill AG, Fry SC, Albersheim P (1984) Structure and function of the primary cell walls of plants. Annu Rev Biochem 53: 625–63
Mellis SJ, Baenziger JU (1981) Separation of neutral oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 114: 276–280
Mellon JE, Helgeson JP (1982) Interaction of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins from tobacco callus with potential pathogens. Plant Physiol 70: 401–405
Mendgen K (1978) Attachment of bean rust cell wall material to host and non-host plant tissue. Arch Microbiol 119: 113–117
Menon MKC, Hartmann E (1988) Secretion of protein-bound hydroxyproline from moss callus cells. J Plant Physiol 132: 569–574
Mew TW, Mew TP, Huang JS (1984) Scanning electron microscopy of virulent and avirulent strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae on rice leaves. Phytopathology 74: 635–641
Mikami H, Ishida Y (1983) Post-column fluorometric detection of reducing sugars in high-performance liquid chromatography using arginine. Bunseki Kagaku 32: E207 - E210
Mirelman D, Galun E, Sharon N, Lotan R (1975) Inhibition of fungal growth by wheat-germ agglutinin. Nature 256: 414–416
Monro JA, Bailey RW, Penny D (1976) Hemicellulose fractions and associated protein of lupin hypocotyl cell walls. Phytochemistry 15: 175
Montreuil J, Bouquelet S, Debray H, Fournet B, Spik G, Strecker G (1986) Glycoproteins. In: Chaplin MF, Kennedy JF (eds) Carbohydrate analysis, a practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford, pp 143–204
Moore PJ, Staehelin LA (1988) Immunogold localization of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan-I and xyloglucan during cell expansion and cytokinesis in Trifolium pratense L.: implications for secretory pathway. Planta 174: 433–445
Moore PJ, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Staehelin LA (1986) Immunogold localization of xyloglucan and rhamnogalacturonan I in cell walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol 82: 787–794
Moroney SE, D’Alarcao LJ, Goldmacher VS, Lambert JM, Blättler WA (1987) Modification of the binding site(s) of lectins by an affinity column carrying an activated galactose-terminated ligand. Biochemistry 26: 8390–8398
Muray RHA, Northcote DH (1978) Oligoarabinosides of hydroxyproline isolated from potato lectin. Phytochemistry 17: 623–629
Mussel HW (1973) Endopolygalacturonase: evidence for involvement in Verticillium wilt of cotton. Phytopathology 63: 62–70
Nachbar MS, Oppenheim JD, Thomas JO (1980) Lectins in the U.S. diet. Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). J Biol Chem 255: 2056–2061
Narayanan SR, Crane LJ (1990) Affinity chromatography supports: a look at performance requirements. Tibtech 8: 1–16
Neuberger A, Gottschalk A, Marshall RD, Spiro RG (1972) Carbohydrate-peptide linkages in glycoproteins and methods for their elucidation. In: Gottschalk A (ed) The glycoproteins, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 470
Nicolson GL (1974) The interactions of lectins with animal cell surfaces. Int Rev Cytol 39: 89–190
Nilsson SF, Waxdal MJ (1976) Isolation and identification of major concanavalin A binding glycoproteins from murine lymphocytes. Biochemistry 15: 2698–2705
Nilsson SF, Waxdal MJ (1978) Isolation and characterization of lectin-binding proteins from murine lymphoid-cells. Biochemistry 17: 903–910
Nothnagel EA, McNeil M, Albersheim P, Dell A (1983) Host-pathogen interactions. XXII. A galacturonic acid oligosaccharides from plant cell wall elicits phytoalexins. Plant Physiol 71: 916–926
Nowell PC (1960) Phytohemagglutinin: an initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes. Cancer Res 20: 462–466
O’Connell RJ, Brown IR, Mansfield JW, Bailey JA, Mazau D, Rumeau D, EsquerréTugayé M-T (1990) Immunocytochemical localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins accumulating in melon and bean at sites of resistance to bacteria and fungi. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 3: 33–40
O’Neill MA, Selvendran RR (1980) Glycoproteins from the cell wall of Phaseolus coccineus. Biochem J 187: 53–63
Ohlson S, Hansson L, Larsson PO, Mosbach K (1978) High performance liquid affinity chromatography ( HPLAC) and its application to the separation of enzymes and antigens. FEBS Lett 93: 5–9
Olsner S, Pihl A (1978) Abrin and ricin–two toxic lectins. TIBS 3: 7–10
Olsner S, Saltveat E, Pihl A (1974) Isolation and comparison of galactose-binding lectins from Abrus precatorius and Ricinus communis. J Biol Chem 249: 803
Osborn TC, Ausloos KA, Brown JWS, Bliss FA (1983) Bean lectins. III. Evidence for greater complexity in the structural model of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin. Plant Sci Lett 31: 193–203
Ouchterlony O (1964) Gel diffusion techniques. In: Ackroyd JF (ed) Immunological methods. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 55–78
Owens RJ, Northcote DH (1981) The location of arabinosyl: hydroxyproline transferase in the membrane system of potato tissue culture cells. Biochem J 195: 661–667
Pazur JH (1981) Affinity chromatography of macromolecular substances on adsorbents bearing carbohydrate ligands. In: Tipson RS, Horton D (eds) Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, vol 39. Academic Press, New York, pp 405–447
Pazur JH (1982) ß-D-glucose-1-phosphate. A structural unit and an immunological determinant of a glycan from streptococcal cell walls. J Biol Chem 257: 589
Pazur JH (1986) Neutral polysaccharides. In: Chaplin MF, Kennedy JF (eds) Carbohydrate analysis, a practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford, pp 55–96
Philips PG, Furmanski P, Lubin M (1974) Cell surface interactions with concanavalin A. Location of bound radiolabeled lectin. Exp Cell Res 86: 301–308
Pope DG (1977) Relationships between hydroxyproline-containing proteins secreted into cell wall and medium by suspension-cultured Acer pseudoplatanus cells. Plant Physiol 894: 894–900
Pusztai A, Palmer R (1977) Nutritional evaluation of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) — toxic principle. J Sci Food Agric 28: 620–623
Pusztai A, Stewart JC (1978) Isolectins of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physicochemical studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 536: 38–49
Quiocho FA, Vyas NK (1984) Novel stereospecificty of L-arabinose-binding protein. Nature 310: 381–386
Ride JP (1983) Cell walls and other structural barriers in defense. In: Callow JA (ed) Biochemical plant pathology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 214–236
Rigas DA, Osgood EE (1955) Purification and properties of the phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris. J Biol Chem 212: 607
Ring SG, Selvendran RR (1981) An arabinogalactoxyloglucan from the cell wall of Solanum tuberosum. Phytochemistry 20: 2511–2519
Roberts DD, Goldstein IJ (1982) Hydrophobic binding properties of the lectin from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus). J Biol Chem 257: 11274–11277
Robertsen B (1986) Elicitors of the production of lignin-like compounds in cucumber hypocotyls. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 28: 137–148
Roebuck P, Sexton R, Mansfield JW (1978) Ultrastructural observations on the development of the hypersensitive reaction in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Mexican inoculated with Pseudomonas phaseolicola (race 1). Physiol Plant Pathol 12: 151–157
Roland JC (1978) General preparation and staining of thin sections. In: Hall JL (ed) Electron microscopy and cytochemistry of plant cells. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–62
Romeiro R, Karr A, Goodman R (1981) Isolation of a factor from apple that agglutinates Erwinia amylovora. Plant Physiol 68: 772–777
Roth J (1983) Application of lectin-gold complexes for electron microscopic localization of glycoconjugates on thin sections. J Histochem Cytochem 31: 987–997
Rudolph K, Gross M, Neugebauer M, Hokawat S, Zachowski A, Wydra K, Klement Z (1989) Extracellular polysaccharides as determinants of leaf spot diseases caused by pseudomonads and xanthomonads. In: Graniti A, Durbin RD, Ballio A (eds) Phytotoxins and plant pathogenesis, vol 27. NATO ASI Ser, Ser H: Cell biology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 177–218
Ruel K, Joseleau J-P (1984) Use of enzyme-gold complexes for the ultrastructural localization of hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall. Histochemistry 81: 573–580
Ryan CA (1978) Proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves — biochemical model for pest induced natural plant protection. TIBS 3: 148–150
Ryan CA (1980) Wound-regulated synthesis and vacuolar compartmentation of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves. Curr Top Cell Regul 17: 1
Ryan CA, Bishop P, Pearce G, Darvill AG, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1981) A sycamore cell wall polysaccharide and a chemically related tomato leaf polysaccharide possess similar proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities. Plant Physiol 68: 616–618
Ryan CA, Bishop PD, Walker-Simmons M, Brown ME, Graham JS (1985) Pectic fragments regulate the expression of proteinase inhibitor genes in plants. In: Key JL, Kosuge T (eds) Cellular and molecular biology of plant stress, vol 22. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 319–334
Sato K, Uritani I, Saito T (1982) Properties of terpene-inducing factor extracted from adults of the sweet-potato weevil, Cylas formicarius fabricius ( Coleoptera, Brenthidae). Appl Entomol Zool 17: 368
Schachman HK (1957) Ultracentrifugation, diffusion and viscometry. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 4. Academic Press, New York, p 32
Schnebli HB (1976) In: Bittiger H, Schnebli HB (eds) Concanavalin A as a tool. Wiley, London, pp 249–255
Selvendran RR (1975a) Analysis of cell wall material from plant tissues: extraction and purification. Phytochemistry 14: 1011–1017
Selvendran RR (1975b) Cell wall glycoproteins and polysaccharides of parenchyma of Phaseolus coccineus. Phytochemistry 14: 2175–2180
Selvendran RR, Davies MC, Tidder E (1975) Cell wall glycoproteins and polysaccharides of mature runner beans. Phytochemistry 14: 2169–2174
Sequeira L (1978) Lectins and their role in host-pathogen specificity. Annu Rev Phytopathol 16: 453–481
Sequeira L, Graham TL (1977) Agglutination of avirulent strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum by potato lectin. Physiol Plant Pathol 11: 43–53
Sharon N (1977) Lectins: these proteins found primarily in plants combine specifically with sugars on cell surfaces and hence bind cells together. They are key tools in the study of the role the cell surface plays in cell behavior. Sci Am 236 (no. 6): 108–119
Sharon N, Lis H (1972) Lectins: cell-agglutinating and sugar-specific proteins. Science 177: 949–957
Shet MS, Madaiah M (1988) Single step purification of a lectin from winged bean tubers. Phytochemistry 27: 1951–1954
Showalter AM, Varner JE (1989) Biology and molecular biology of plant hydroxyprolinerich glycoproteins. In: Stumpf K, Conn EE (eds) The biochemistry of plants: a comprehensive treatise, vol 15, Marcus A (ed). Acad Press, New York, pp 485–520
Siddiqui IR, Rosa N (1985) Structural investigation of the sodium hydroxysoluble polysaccharides of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): arabinoxyloglucan. Carbohydr Res 138: 247–255
Siddiqui IR, Wood P (1974) Structural investigation of oxalate-soluble rapeseed (Brassica campestris) polysaccharides. III. An arabinan. Carbohydr Res 36: 35–44
Slusarenko AJ, Wood RKS (1981) Differential agglutination of races 1 and 2 of Pseudomonas phaseolicola by a fraction from cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Mexican. Physiol Plant Pathol 18: 187–193
Slusarenko AJ, Wood RKS (1983) Agglutination of Pseudomonas phaseolicola by pectic polysaccharide from leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiol Plant Pathol 23: 217–227
Slusarenko AJ, Epperlein M, Wood RKS (1983) Agglutination of plant pathogenic and certain other bacteria by pectic polysaccharides from various plant species. Phytopath Z 106: 337–343
Smith DF (1983) Glycolipid-lectin interactions: detection by direct binding of 125I-lectins to thin layer chromatograms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 115: 360–367
Smith JJ, Muldoon EP, Lamport DTA (1984) Isolation of extensin precursors by direct elution of intact tomato cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 23: 1233–1239
Smith JJ, Muldoon EP, Willard JJ, Lamport DTA (1986) Tomato extensin precursors P1 and P2 are highly periodic structures. Phytochemistry 25: 1021–1030
Smith MM, McCully ME (1977) Mild temperature “stress” and callose synthesis. Planta 136: 65–70
Stermer BA, Hammerschmidt R (1985) In: Key JL, Kosuge T (eds) Cellular and molecular biology of plant stress, vol 22. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 291–302
Stevenson TI’, McNeill M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1986) Structure of plant cell walls. XVIII. An analysis of the extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. Plant Physiol 80: 1012–1019
Stokes DM, Anderson JW, Rowan KS (1968) The isolation of mitochondria from potato tuber tissue using sodium metabisulfite for preventing damage by phenolic compounds during extraction. Phytochemistry 7: 1509–1512
Stuart DA, Varner JE (1980) Purification and characterization of a salt-extractable hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein from aerated carrot discs. Plant Physiol 66: 787–792
Suzuki K, Amino S, Takeuchi Y, Komamine A (1990) Differences in the composition of the cell walls of two morphologically different lines of suspension-cultured Catharanthus roseus cells. Plant Cell Physiol 31: 7–14
Takeuchi Y, Komamine A (1980) Turnover of cell wall polysaccharides of Vinca rosea suspension culture. Physiol Plant 50: 113–118
Talmadge KW, Keegstra K, Bauer WD, Albersheim P (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. I. The macromolecular components of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells with a detailed analysis of the pectic polysaccharides. Plant Physiol 51: 158–173
Tepper CS, Anderson AJ (1990) Interactions between pectic fragments and extracellular components from the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 147–158
Terry ME, Jones RL (1981) Soluble cell wall polysaccharides released from pea stems by centrifugation. 1. Effect of auxin. Plant Physiol 68: 531–537
Terry ME, Rubinstein B, Jones RL (1981) Soluble cell wall polysaccharides released from pea stems by centrifugation. II. Effect of ethylene. Plant Physiol 68: 538–542
Tesser GI, Fisch HU, Schnyzer R (1974) Limitations of affinity chromatography: solvolytic detachment of ligands from polymeric supports. HeIv Chim Acta 57: 1718
Thomas J, Lorel LH (1976) Chromatographic separation of glucose and mannose on cation-exchange resin. Anal Biochem 73: 222–226
Thomas JR, McNeil M, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1987) Structure of plant cell walls. XIX. Isolation and characterization of wall polysaccharides from suspension-cultured Douglas fir cells. Plant Physiol 83: 659–671
Torres BV, McCrumb DK, Smith DF (1988) Glycolipid-lectin interactions: reactivity of lectins from Helix pomatia, Wisteria floribunda, and Dolichos biflorus with glycolipids containing N-acetylgalactosamine. Arch Biochem Biophys 262: 1–11
Touzè A, Esquerrè-Tugayè MT (1980) Defence mechanisms of plants against varietal non-specific pathogens. In: Wood RKS (ed) Active defense mechanisms in plants. Plenum Press, New York, pp 103–117
Tripathi NN, Grover RK (1978) Participation of root exudates of susceptible and resistant plants in pathogenesis of diseases caused by Pythium butleri. Z. Pflanzenkr Pflanzenschutz 85: 15–21
Turner RH, Lifner IE (1975) The use of glutaraldehyde treated eythrocytes for assaying the agglutinating activity of lectins. Anal Biochem 68: 651–653
Valent BS, Darvill AG, McNeil M, Robertson BK, Albersheim P (1980) A general and sensitive chemical method for sequencing the glycosyl residues of complex carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 79: 165–192
Van Holst G-J, Klis FM, De Wildt PJM, Hazenberg CAM, Buijs J, Stegwee D (1981) Arabinogalactan protein from a crude cell organelle fraction of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plant Physiol 68: 910–913
VanderMolen GE, Beckman CH, Rodehorst E (1977) Vascular gelation: a general response phenomenon following infection. Physiol Plant Pathol 11: 95–100
Varner JE, Lin L-S (1989) Plant cell wall architecture. Cell 56: 231–239
Vasil’eva KV, Gladikikh TA, Davydova MA, Moldosanova GA, Umralina AR (1982) Phytoalexin induction in sugar beet roots by extracellular endopolygalactrronase from Rhizoctonia aderholdi Kolosh Mikol Fitopatol 16:525–528 (in Russian), Biol. Abstr. 77: 54848, 1984
Vivo A, Andreu JM, de la Vina S, de Felipe MR (1989) Leghemoglobin in lupin plants (Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa). Plant Physiol 90: 452–457
Vretblad P (1976) Purification of lectins by biospecific affinity chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta 434: 169–176
Wagner H, Jordan E (1988) An immunologically active arabinogalactan from Viscum album “berries”. Phytochemistry 27: 2511–2517
Walker-Simmons M, West CA, Hadwiger L, Ryan CA (1984) Comparison of proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities and phytoalexin elicitor activities of a pure fungal endopolygalacturonase, pectic fragments, and chitosans. Plant Physiol 76: 833–836
Weinhold AR, Hancock JG (1980) Defense at the perimeter: extruded chemicals. In: Horsfall JG, Cowling EB (eds) Plant disease, vol 5. Acad Press, New York, pp 121–138
Wells GB, Turco SJ, Hanson BA, Lester RL (1982) Resolution of dolichylpyrophosphoryl oligosaccharides by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Meth Enzymol 83: 137–139
West CA, Moesta P, Jin DF, Lois AF, Wickham KA (1985) The role of pectic fragments of the plant cell wall in the response to biological stresses. In: Key JL, Kosuge T (eds) Cellular and molecular biology of plant stress, vol 22. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 335–349
Whistler RL, Anisuzzaman KM (1980) Gel permeation chromatography. In: Whistler RL, BeMiller JN (eds) Methods in carbohydrate chemistry, vol 8. Acad Press, New York, p 45
Wilchek M, Givol D (1971) The use of affinity chromatography in protein structure studies. Peptides. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p 203
Wilder BM, Albersheim P (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. IV. A structural comparison of the wall hemicellulose of cell suspension cultures of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Plant Physiol 51: 889
Wilson LG, Fry JC (1986) Extensin — a major cell wall glycoprotein. Plant Cell Environ 9: 239–260
Woods A, Hunter N, Sequeira L, Kelman A (1979) Lectin activity isolated from corn seeds. Plant Physiol 63: 134
Wu AM, Sugii S, Gruezo FG, Kabat EA (1988) Immunochemical studies on the Nacetyllactosamine 0-(1–6)-linked trisaccharide specificity of Ricinus communis agglutinin. Carbohydr Res 178: 243–257
Wydra K (1991) Interaktionen zwischen Zellwandpolymeren von Bohnenpflanzen (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Zellen von Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola sowie deren extrazellulären, polymeren Produkten. PH.D. Thesis, Univ. Göttingen
Wydra K, Rudolph K (1989) An agglutination factor from bush bean leaves against Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. In: Galling G (ed) Proc Braunschweig Symp on Applied plant molecular biology, Braunschweig, Nov 21–23, 1988. Zentralstelle für Weiterbildung der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig (FRG), pp 334–340
Wydra K, Rudolph K (1990) Interactions between cell wall polymers of Phaseolus vulgaris and bacterial cell surface polymers of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. In: Proc 7th Int Conf on Plant pathogenic bacteria, 11–16 June 1989, Budapest, Hungary
Yamaoka T, Sato S (1977) Analysis of extracellular macromolecules of cultured tobacco cells in comparison with cell-wall macromolecules. Bot Mag 90: 153–163
Yamazaki N, Fry SC, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1983) Host-pathogen interactions. XXIV. Fragments isolated from suspension-cultured sycamore cell walls inhibit the ability of the cells to incorporate (14C)leucine into proteins. Plant Physiol 72: 864–869
Yariv J, Rapport MM, Graf L (1962) The interaction of glycosides and saccharides with antibody to the corresponding phenylazo glycosides. Biochem J 85: 383–388
Yariv L, Lis H, Katchalski E (1967) Precipitation of arabic acid and some seed polysaccharides by glycosylphenylazo dyes. Biochem J 105: 1C - 2C
York WS, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1984) Inhibition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-stimulated elongation of pea stem segments by a xyloglucan oligosaccharide. Plant Physiol 75: 295–297
York WS, Darvill AG, McNeil M, Albersheim P (1985a) 3-Deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid ( KDO) is a component of rhamnogalacturonan II, a pectic polysaccharide of the primary cell walls of plants. Carbohydr Res 138: 109–126
York WS, Darvill AG, McNeil M, Stevenson TT, Albersheim P (1985b) Isolation and characterization of plant cell walls and plant cell wall components. Meth Enzymol 118: 3–40
Young NM, Watson DC, Williams RE (1984) Structural differences between two lectins from Cytisus scoparius, both specific for D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Biochem J 222: 41–48
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wydra, K., Rudolph, K. (1992). Analysis of Toxic Extracellular Polysaccharides. In: Linskens, H.F., Jackson, J.F. (eds) Plant Toxin Analysis. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02783-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02783-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08090-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02783-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive