Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Complications and Diseases Associated with Atopic Eczema

  • Chapter
Handbook of Atopic Eczema

Abstract

Numerous factors lead to great difficulties in assessing the possible complications and diseases associated with atopic eczema (AE) [122, 248]. A major problem is correct diagnosis of AE, which has only recently been subjected to a certain standardization [29, 67a, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 166a, 212, 273, 306a, 347]. A survey of the innumerable case reports and review articles dealing with this topic is hampered by the variable definition of AE and by imprecise description of skin lesions, particularly in the nondermatological literature, making proper classification impossible. Exact epidemiological data concerning the prevalence of atopic diseases are rare (see chapter by Schmied and Saurat, this volume). Thus, it is even more difficult to assess the frequency of diseases associated with AE, and to answer the question whether the association is incidental, rare, frequent, or constant. In addition, epidemiological studies and case reports mostly do not address the question of the causal relation between the underlying AE and the reported association. Despite these shortcomings, we will attempt to review diseases associated with AE and, if possible, discuss current ideas on causes and pathogenesis. We will omit from this review disorders dealt with in other chapters of this book (e. g. allergic contact eczema, food hypersensitivity, occupational aspects, psychosomatic abnormalities, severe immunodeficiency syndromes, side effects of glucocorticosteroids).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abel EA, Nickoloff BJ, Shelby DM, Watson W, Wood GS (1988) Tumor stage mycosis fungoides in a patient treated with long-term corticosteroids for asthma and atopic-like dermatitis. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 12: 1089–1093

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abrahamov A, Schifmann R, Goldstein R, Tal Y, Freier S (1986) Growth failure due to protein loss in dermatitis. Eur J Pediatr 145: 223–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrahams I, McCarthy JT, Sanders SS (1963) Growth 101 cases of exfoliative dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 87: 96–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Abramson S, Dahl MV, Walsh G, Blumenthal NN, Douglas SD, Quie PG (1982) Antistaphylococcal IgE levels in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 7: 105–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Adkinson NF Jr (1984) Risk factors for drug allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 74: 567–572

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Allansmith MR, Hahn GS, Simon MA (1976)Tissue, tear, serum IgE concentrations in vernal conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 81: 506–511

    Google Scholar 

  7. Aly R (1980) Bacteriology of atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermatol Venereol Suppl 92: 16–18

    Google Scholar 

  8. Aly R, Maibach HI, Shinefield HR (1977) Microbial flora of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 113: 780–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Amemiya T, Matsuda H, Uehara M (1980) Ocular findings in atopic dermatitis with special reference to the clinical features of atopic cataract. Ophthalmologica 180: 129–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Amlot PL, Green LA (1978): Atopy and immunoglobulin E concentrations in Hodgkin’s disease and other lymphomas. Br Med J 1: 327–329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Amlot PL, Slaney J (1981): Hypergammaglobulinemia E in Hodgkin’s disease and its relationship to atopy or a familial predisposition to atopy. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 64: 138–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Anderson TF, Waldinger TP, Voorhees JJ (1984) UVB phototherapy: an overview. Arch Dermatol 120: 1502–1507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Andogsky H (1914) Cataracta dermatogenes. Klin Mbl Augenh 52: 824–831

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ansel G, Tweedic MCK, West CR (1980) The current status of reactions to intravenous contrast media. Invest Radiol 15: 32–39

    Google Scholar 

  15. Aoki T, Funai T, Kojima M, Adachi J, Okano M (1989) Absorption of egg antigens by the gut observed by oral Prausnitz-Kästner ( Walzer) reaction in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 100–104

    Google Scholar 

  16. Balfour-Lynn L (1986) Growth and childhood asthma. Arch Dis Child 61: 1049–1055

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ball LM, Harper JI (1987) Atopic eczema in HIVseropositive haemophiliacs. Lancet II: 627–628

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ballow M, Mendelson L (1980) Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in tear secretions of patients with vernal conjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 66: 112–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Balyeat RM (1937) Complete retinal detachment (both eyes) with special reference to allergy as a possible primary etiologic factor. Am J Ophthalmol 20: 580–583

    Google Scholar 

  20. Barnetson R, Hardie RA, Merret TG (1981) Late onset atopic eczema and multiple food allergies after infectious mononucleosis. Br Med J 283: 1086–1087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. BeethamWP (1940) Atopic cataracts. Arch Ophth 24: 21–37

    Google Scholar 

  22. Beigelman MV (1950) Vernal conjunctivitis. Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press, p 278

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bereston ES, Baer RL (1942) Keratoconus associated with atopic dermatitis: report of 2 cases. Arch Dermat Syph 46: 358–361

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bernard A (1953) Eczéma et gastrite hypertrophique. J Sc Méd Lille 71: 219–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bibel DJ, Greenberg JH, Cook JL (1977) Staphylococcus aureus and the microbial ecology of atopic dermatitis. Can J Microbiol 23: 1062–1068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bjarnason J, Goolamali SK, Levi AJ, Peters TJ (1985) Intestinal permeability in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 112: 291–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Björnberg A, Hellgren L (1962) Pityriasis rosea. A statistical, clinical and laboratory investigation of 826 patients and matched healthy controls. Acta Derm Venereol 42 (Suppl 50): 1

    Google Scholar 

  28. Black MM, Jones EW (1971) Macular amyloidosis. A study of 21 cases with special reference to the role of epidermis in its histogenesis. Br J Dermatol 84: 199–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Blaylock WK (1976) Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and pathobiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 57: 62–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Böhm C, Johne HO (1956) Zur Kasuistik des Eczema herpeticatum (herptiforme) Kaposi. Hautarzt 7: 213–216

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Boiko S, Kaufman RA, Lucky AW (1988) Osteomyelitis of the distal phalanges in three children with severe atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 124: 418–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Boner AL, Valletta EA, Bellanti JA (1985) Improvement of atopic dermatitis following natural measles virus infection. Four case reports. Ann Allergy 55: 605–608

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bonifazi E, Garofalo L, Pisani V, Meneghini CL (1985) Role of some infectious agents in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 114: 98–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Braathen LR, Baklien K, HovigT, Fausa O, Brandtzaeg P (1979) Immunological, histological and electron microscopical investigations of the gut in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 92: 78–80

    Google Scholar 

  35. Braun-Falco O, Plewig G, Wolff H (1984) Dermatologie und Venereologie, 3rd ed. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Braun-Falco O, Ryckmanns F, Heilgemeir GP, Ring J (1982) Zum Syndrom: Unkämmbare Haare. Beobachtungen von sechs Mitgliedern einer Familie mit Pili canalicule, verbunden mit Pili torti, progredienter Alopezie, atopischem Ekzem und Hamartomen. Hautarzt 33: 366–372

    Google Scholar 

  37. Breneman DL, Lucky AW, Ostrow RS, Faras AJ, Volger C, Jenski LJ (1985) Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia associated with human papilloma virus DNA type 16 in an infant with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2: 297–301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bröcker EB (1990) Hyper IgE-Syndrom: Remission nach Maserninfektion. Allergologie 13: 65

    Google Scholar 

  39. Brunsting LA (1936) Atopic dermatitis (disseminated neurodermatitis) of young adults: analysis of precipitating factors in 101 cases and report of 10 cases with associated juvenile cataract. Arch Dermatol Syph 34: 935–957

    Google Scholar 

  40. Brunsting LA, Reed WB, Bair HL (1955) Occurrence of cataracts and keratoconus with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 72: 237–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Buckley DB, English J, Molloy W, Doyle CT, Conelton MJ (1983) Dermatitis herpetiformis: a review of 119 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 8: 477–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Caputo R, Vanotti P, Bertani E (1984) Netherton’s syndrome in two adult brothers. Arch Dermatol 120: 220–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Carter DM, Jegasothy RV (1976) Alopecia areata and Down syndrome. Arch Derm 112: 1397–1399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Castrow FF (1981) Atopic cataracts versus steroid cataracts. J Am Acad Dermatol 5: 64–66

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Cello JP (1979) Eosinophilic gastroenteritis–a complex disease entity. Am J Med 67: 1097–1104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Chang KC, Miklich DR, Barwise G, Chai H, Miles-Lawrence R (1982) Linear growth of chronic asthmatic children: the effects of the disease and various forms of steroid therapy. Clin Allergy 12: 369–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen YP, Wu YC (1986) Eczema herpeticum in three siblings: clinical features and acyclovir treatment. J Dermatol 13: 334–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Christensen JD (1980) Frequency of cataract in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 61: 76–77

    Google Scholar 

  49. Christophers E, Henseler T (1987) Contrasting disease patterns in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res (Suppl) 279: 48–51

    Google Scholar 

  50. Chuang T et al (1982) Pityriasis rosea in Rochester, Minnesota, 1969 to 1978. A 10-year epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 7: 80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Clemmensen OJ, Hjorth N (1983) Treatment of dermatitis of the head and neck with ketokonazole in patients with type I sensitivity to Pityrosporon orbiculare. Semin Dermatol 2: 26–29

    Google Scholar 

  52. Coles RS, Laval J (1952) Retinal detachments occurring in cataract associated with Neurodermatitis. AMA Arch Ophth 48: 30–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Copeman PWM (1965) Eczema and keratoconus. Br Med J 2: 977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Copeman PWM, Wallace HJ (1964) Eczema vaccinatum. Br Med J 2: 906–908

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Cordes FC, Cordero-Moreno R (1946) Atopic cataracts. Report of four cases. Am J Ophthal 29: 402–407

    Google Scholar 

  56. Cowan A, Klauder JV (1950) Frequency of occurrence of cataract in atopic dermatitis. Arch Ophth 43: 759–768

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Cox NH, Jones SK, Downey DJ, Tuyp EJ, Jay JL, Moseley H, Mackie RM (1987) Cutaneous and ocular side-effects of oral photochemotherapy: results of a 8 year follow up study. Br J Dermatol 116: 145–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Currie JM, Wright RC, Miller OG (1971) The frequency of warts in atopic patients. Cutis 8: 243–245

    Google Scholar 

  59. Dahl MV (1983) Staphylococcus aureus and atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 119: 840–846

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. David TJ (1985) The overworked or fraudulent diagnosis of food allergy and food intolerance in children. J Roy Soc Med 78 (Suppl 5): 21–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. David TJ (1989) Short stature in children with atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 41–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. David TJ, Cambridge GC (1986) Bacterial infection and atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 61: 20–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. DavidTJ, Lakhani PK, Haeney MR (1984) Severe atopic eczema, recurrent pneumococcal meningitis and recurrent eczema herpeticum. J R Soc Med 77: 696–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. DavidTJ, Longson M (1985) Herpes simplex infections in atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 60: 338–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. DavidTJ, Waddington E, Stanton RJH (1984) Nutritional hazards of elimination diets in children with atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 59: 323–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Davies MG, Fifield P, Marks R (1979) Atopic disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Br J Dermatol 101: 429–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Davis WT (1921) The relation of the eye and certain skin diseases. South Med J 14: 237–241

    Google Scholar 

  68. de Weert J, Timmerman L, Kint A (1984) Alopecia areata and atopy. Dermatologica 168: 224–229

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Dent GE, Garrets M (1960) Skin changes in hypocalcemia. Lancet 1: 142–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Diepgen TL, Fartasch M, Hornstein OP (1989) Evaluation and relevance of atopic basic and minor features in patients with atopic dermatitis and in the general population. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 50–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Draelos ZK, Hansen RC (1985) Polymorphic light eruption in childhood. Clin Pediatr 24: 692–695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Dubowitz V (1965) Familial low birth weight dwarfism with an unusual facies and skin eruption. J Med Genet 2: 12–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. DuMont GCL, Beach RC, Menzies IS (1984) Gastrointestinal permeability in food-allergic eczematous children. Clin Allergy 14: 55–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Dunand P, Chai H, Weltman D (1975) Posterior polar cataracts and steroid therapy in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 55: 123

    Google Scholar 

  75. Dupré AS, Christol B, Bonafe JL, Lassere J (1981) Orf and atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 105: 103–104

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Dworin M, Diamond HD, Craver LF (1955): Hodgkin’s disease and allergy. Cancer 8: 128–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Easty D, Entwhistle C, Funk A, Witcher J (1975) Herpes simplex keratitis and keratoconus in the atopic patients. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 95: 267–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Easty D, Rice NSC, Jones BR (1971) Disodium cromoglycate ( Intal) in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 91: 491

    Google Scholar 

  79. Eisenberg BC (1976) Congenital lymphangiectasia and atopy. Ann Allergy 36: 342–350

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ellis J, Dawber RPR (1980) Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome: a family study. Clin Exp Dermatol 5: 295–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Eriksson G, Forsbeck M (1963) The assessment and the vaccination of patients with cutaneous disorders. Acta Med Scand (Suppl) 464: 147

    Google Scholar 

  82. Fagerholm P, Plamquist BM, Philipson B (1984) Atopic cataract: Changes in the lens epithelium and subcapsular cortex. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 221: 149–152

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fairris GM, Hamilton I, Cunliffe WJ, Axon ATR (1984) Intestinal permeability in adults with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 111: 711

    Google Scholar 

  84. Falk ES (1985) UV-light therapies in atopic dermatitis. Photodermatol 2: 241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Falk ES, Bolle R (1980) IgE antibodies to house dust mite in patients with scabies. Br J Dermatol 103: 283–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Falk ES, Bolle R (1983) In vivo demonstration of specific immediate hypersensitivity to scabies mite. Br J Dermatol 103: 367–373

    Google Scholar 

  87. Falk ES, Dale S, Bolle R, Haneberg B (1981) Antigens common to scabies and house dust mites. Allergy 36: 233–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Fälth-Magnusson K, Kjellman NIM, Magnusson KE, Sundqvist I (1984) Intestinal permeability in healthy and allergic children before and after sodium cromoglycate treatment assessed with different-size polyehtylenglycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000). Clin Allergy 14: 277–286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ferguson AC, Murray AB, Tze WJ (1982) Short stature and delayed skeletal maturation in children with allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 69: 461–466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Fernon MJ, Guillet G, Maleville J (1980) Pustulose de Kaposi-Juliusberg et eczéma atopique: Mise au point clinique et immunopathologique: A propos de trois observations recentes. Ann Pediatr 27: 451–456

    Google Scholar 

  91. Fisch RO, Tsai MY, Gentry WC (1981) Studies of phenylketonurics with dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 4: 284–290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Fleisher TL, Zeligman I (1960) Cutaneous findings in phenylketonuria. Arch Derm 81: 893–903

    Google Scholar 

  93. Fontana VJ, Spain WC, Desanctis AG (1956) The role of allergy in nephrosis. NY State J Med 56: 3907–3910

    Google Scholar 

  94. Frain-Bell W, Scatchard M (1971) The association of photosensitivity and atopy in child. Br J Dermatol 85: 105–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Frankland AW, Easty D (1971) Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: An atopic disease. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 91: 479–482

    Google Scholar 

  96. Fregert J, Möller H, Rorsman H (1959) Observations on vitiligo in a patient with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 39: 225–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Frentz G, Everberg G, Wulf HC (1976) Congenital perceptive hearing loss and atopic dermatitis. Acta Otolaryngol 82: 242–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Frick OL, Asthon FA, Mills J (1977) Virus infection associated with onset of allergic sensitization in infants. Ann Allergy 38: 449

    Google Scholar 

  99. Friedländer MH (1988) Ocular Allergy. In: Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds) Allergy: Principle and practice, 3rd edn., Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  100. Friedman M, Hare PJ (1965) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy and eczema. Lancet 1: 521–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Fritsch-Kieffer MG (1980) Immunopathologie et immunotherapie de la pelade. Thesis, Strasbourg

    Google Scholar 

  102. Fry L, McMinn RMH, Shuster S (1966) The small intestine in skin diseases. Arch Derm 93: 647–653

    Google Scholar 

  103. Fry L, Shuster S, McMinn RMH (1965) D-Xylose absorption in patients with eczema. Br Med J 1: 967–968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Galin MA, Berger R (1958) Atopy and keratococuns. Am J Ophth 45: 904–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Garofalo L, Pisani V, Mazzotta F, Bonifazi E (1989) Psoriasis in atopic children. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 146: 63–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Garrity JA, LiesegangTJ (1984) Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis. Can J Ophthalmol 19: 21–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Gasset AR, Hinson WA, Frias IL (1978) Keratoconus and atopic diseases. Ann Ophthalmol 10: 991–994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Gault N (1933) Cataracte neurodermitique. Bull Soc d’Ophth de Paris 3: 280–284

    Google Scholar 

  109. Geyer A, Knopf B, Roth H, Barta U: Gemeinsames Auftreten von Psoriasis und atopischen Erkrankungen im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie. (cited in 176)

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ghadimi HK (1981) Histidinemia. Am J Dis Child 135: 210–211

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Gianetti A (1987) Viral skin diseases in atopic dermatitis. In: Happle R, Grosshans E (eds) Pediatric Dermatology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 110–113

    Google Scholar 

  112. Gingrich RE, Fusano RM (1964) The lens and the skin. In: Common antigens of the skin and crystalline lens. J Invest Derm 43: 235–236

    Google Scholar 

  113. Gip L, Lodin A, Morin L (1969): Alopécia. areato. Acto Devm Venercol 49: 180–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Gottlieb MS, Mildvan D, QuinnTC, Jeffries DJ, Pinching AJ, Weiss RA (1987) Current topics in AIDS. Wiley, Chichester, pp 255–257

    Google Scholar 

  115. Graciansky P de, Bernier JJ, Bégniél JC, Daniel F, Larrègue M (1967) Eczéma constitutionnel et atteinte de l’intestin grele. Bull Soc Fr Derm Syph 74: 318–319

    Google Scholar 

  116. Graham-Brown RAC (1988) Atopic dermatitis. Sem Dermatol 7: 37–42

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Grayson M (1979) Diseases of the cornea. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  118. Greene SL, Muller SA (1985) Netherton’s Syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 329–337

    Google Scholar 

  119. Groskong T, Mendelson L, Mandoza S (1973) Serum IgE in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 83: 767

    Google Scholar 

  120. Gupta AK, Anderson TF (1987) Psoralen photo-chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 17: 703–734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Haddi E, Charpin D, Tafforeau M, Kulling G, Lauteaume A, Kleisbauer JP, Vervleot D (1990) Atopy and systemic reactions to drugs. Allergy 45: 236–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Hambrich GW jr., Schrie HG (1962) Studies of the skin in Hurler’s Syndrome. Arch Dermatol 88: 455–471

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hammershog O, Jessen F (1982) A retrospective study of cataract formation in 96 patients treated with PUVA, Acta Derm Venereol 62: 444–446

    Google Scholar 

  124. Hanifin JM (1982) Atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 6: 1–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Hanifin JM (1983) Atopic dermatitis. Special clinical complications. Postgrad Med J 74: 183–193, 196–199

    Google Scholar 

  126. Hanifin JM (1983) Clinical and basic aspects of atopic dermatitis. Sem Dermatol 2: 5–19

    Google Scholar 

  127. Hanifin JM (1984) Atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 73: 211–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Hanifin JM (1988) Atopic eczema. In Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds) Allergy: Principles and practice, 3rd edn. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  129. Hanifin JM, Cooper KD, Roth HL (1986) Atopy and atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 15: 703–706

    Google Scholar 

  130. Hanifin JM, Homburger HA (1986) Staphylococcal colonization, infection and atopic dermatitis-association not etiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78: 563–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Hanifin JM, Lobitz WC (1977) Newer concepts of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 113: 663–670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Hanifin JM, Rajka G (1980) Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 92: 44–47

    Google Scholar 

  133. Hanifin JM, Ray LF, Lobitz WC Jr. (1974) Immunological reactivity in dermatophytosis. Br J Dermatol 90: 1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Hanifin JM, Rogge JL (1977) Staphylococcal infections in patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 113: 1383–1386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Hannuksela M, Karvonen J, Husa M, Jokela R, Katajamäki L, Leppisaari M (1985) Ultraviolet light therapy in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Suppl) 114: 137–139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Hansen AE (1963) Role of linoleic acid in infant nutrition. Clinical and chemical study of 428 infants fed on mixtures varying in kind and amount of fat. Pediatrics 31 (Suppl): 171–192

    Google Scholar 

  137. Harber LC, Bickers DR (1981) Photosensitivity diseases. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. Saunders, NewYork

    Google Scholar 

  138. Hardwicke J, Soothill JF, Squire JR, Holti G (1959) Nephrotic syndrome with pollenhypersensitivity. Lancet 1: 500–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Hare R, Cooke EM (1961) Self-contamination of patients with staphylococcal infections. Br Med J 2: 333–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Hasan T, Jansen CT (1983) Erythroderma: a follow up of fifty cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 8: 836–840

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Hashii R, Uyama M (1972) Cataract and retinal detachment asscociated with atopic dermatitis. Report of a case. Jap J Clin Ophthal 26: 35–40

    Google Scholar 

  142. Hashimoto K, Kobayashi H (1980) Amyloidogenesis in primary skin amyloidoses. In: Glenner GG et al. (eds) Amyloid and amyloidosis. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 426–435

    Google Scholar 

  143. Hata S (1985) Recurrent eczema herpeticum in an adult. J Dermatol 12: 372–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Hauser C (1986) The role of staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 25: 573–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Hauser C, Wuethrich B, Matter L, Wilhelm JA, Sonnabend W, Schopfer K (1985) Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization in atopic dermatitis patients. Dermatologica 170: 35–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Hauspie R, Susanne C, Alexander F (1977) Maturational delay and temporal growth retardation in asthmatic boys. J Allergy Clin Immunol 59: 200–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Hay RJ, Brostoff J (1977) Immune responses in patients with chronic Trichophyton rubrum infections. Clin Exp Dermatol 2: 373–380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Hazen PG, Eppes B (1977) Eczema herpeticum caused by Herpes virus type 2. Arch Dermatol 113: 1085–1086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Heine W, Richter I, Tessmann D, Heise H (1976) Partielle Zottenatrophie mit entzündlichen Veränderungen der Dünndarmschleimhaut beim konstitutionellen Ekzem and seborrhoischen Ekzem des Säuglings. Kinderarztl Prax 44: 399–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Henocq E, Hewitt B, Guerin B (1982) Staphylococcal and human dander IgE antibodies in superinfected atopic dermatitis. Clin Allergy 12: 113–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Heskel N, Lobitz WC Jr (1983) Atopic dermatitis in children: clinical features and management. Sem Dermatol 2: 39–44

    Google Scholar 

  152. Highet AS (1988) Viral warts. Sem Dermatol 7: 53–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Hodgson HJF, Davies RJ, Gent AE, Hodson ME (1976) Atopic disorders and adult coelic a disease. Lancet 2: 115–117

    Google Scholar 

  154. Hogan MJ (1953) Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 36: 937–947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Holzer FJ, Olinsky A, Phelan PD (1981) Variability of airways hyperreactivity and allergy in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Childh 56: 455–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Hori Y, KoboriT (1981) Macular amyloidosis: clinical and pathological studies. In: Fitzpatrick TB (ed) Biology and diseases of dermal pigmentation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 299–309

    Google Scholar 

  157. Huber P, Schmid P, Hoigné R, Müller U (1983) Atopie and generalisierte allergische Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche. Schweiz Med Wschr 113: 1863–1865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Hurlbut WB, Domonkos AN (1961) Cataract and retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis. Arch Ophth 52: 852–857

    Google Scholar 

  159. Hyams SW, Bialik M, Neumann E (1975) Clinical trial of topical disodium cromoglycate in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 12: 116–118

    Google Scholar 

  160. Ikeda T (1965) A new classification of alopecia areata. Dermatologica 131: 421–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Ingram RM (1965) Retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis and cataract. Br J Ophthalmol 49: 96–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Irons M, Levy HL (1986) Metabolic syndromes with dermatologic manifestations. Clin Rev Allergy 4: 101–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Ito F, Aoki K, Eto Y (1981) Histidinemia. Biochemical parameters for diagnosis. Am J Dis Child 135: 227–229

    Google Scholar 

  164. Jablonska S (1984) Wart Viruses: Human Papillomaviruses. Sem Dermatol 3: 120–129

    Google Scholar 

  165. Jackson PG, Baker RWR, Lessof MH, Ferrett J, MacDonald DM (1981) Intestinal permeability in patients with eczema and food allergy. Lancet 1: 1285–1286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Jawitz JC, Hines HC, Moshell AN (1985) Treatment of eczema herpeticum with systemic acyclovir. Arch Dermatol 121: 274–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Jay JL (1981) Clinical factors and diagnosis of atopic keratoconjunctivitis and the effect of treatment with sodium cromoglycate. Br J Ophthal 60: 335–340

    Google Scholar 

  168. Jervis GA (1937) Phenylpyruvic oligophrenia: introductory study of 50 cases of mental deficiency associated with excretion of phenylpyruvic acid. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 38: 944–963

    Google Scholar 

  169. Jones HE (1980) The atopic-chronic-dermatophytosis syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 92: 81–85

    Google Scholar 

  170. Jones HE, Reinhardt JH, Rinaldi MG (1973) A clinical, mycological, and immunological survey for dermatophytosis. Arch Dermatol 108: 61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Kaaman T (1985) Skin reactivity in atopic patients with dermatophytosis. Mykosen 28: 183–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Kang K, Tian R (1987) Atopic dermatitis. An evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings. Int J Dermatol 26: 27–32

    Google Scholar 

  173. Kaposi M (1887) Pathologie undTherapie der Hautkrankheiten. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin, p 483

    Google Scholar 

  174. Karel I,Myska V, Kvicalova E (1965) Ophthalmological changes in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 45: 381–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Katavisto M (1949) Prurigo diathésique Besnier and cataract. Acta Ophth 27: 581–589

    Google Scholar 

  176. Katsura H, Hida T (1984) Atopic dermatitis. Retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis. Retina 4: 148–151

    Google Scholar 

  177. Katz AJ, Twarog FJ, Zeiger RS, Falckhuk ZM (1984) Milk-sensitive and eosinophilic gastroenteropathy–similar clinical features with contrasting mechanisms and clinical course. J Allergy Clin Immunol 74: 72–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Kaye J (1977) Atopic dermatitis: an immunologic disease complex and its therapy. Ann Allergy 38: 345–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Kazden JJ, Crawford JS, Langer H, MacDonald AL (1976) Sodium cromoglycate ( Intal) in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis. Can J Ophthalmol 11: 300–303

    Google Scholar 

  180. Kierland RR (1955) Certain stigmata associated with atopic dermatitis. In: Baer RL (ed) Atopic dermatitis. New York University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Kleerberger F (1962) Demonstration of atopic cataract with retinal detachment. Klin Mbl Augenklinik 140: 734

    Google Scholar 

  182. Knopf B, Wollina U, Broening TC (1989) Kombination von Psoriasis vulgaris and atopischem Ekzem. Akt Dermatol 15: 177–178

    Google Scholar 

  183. Kokkonen J, Similä S, Herva R (1980) Gastrointestinal findings in atopic children. Eur J Pediatr 134: 249–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Konigsmark BW, Hollander MB, Berlin CI (1988) Familial neural hearing loss and atopic dermatitis. JAMA 204: 953–957

    Google Scholar 

  185. Koranne RV, Sachdeva KG (1988) Vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 27: 676–681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. KomerupT, LodinA (1959) Ocular changes in 100 cases of Besnier’s prurigo ( Atopic dermatitis ). Acta Ophthalmol 37: 508–521

    Google Scholar 

  187. Krafchik BR (1988) Eczematous dermatitis. In: Schachner LA, Hansen RC (eds) Pediatric dermatology. Churchill-Livingstone, New York, pp 695–724

    Google Scholar 

  188. Krafchik BR, Toole JW (1983) What is Netherton’s syndrome? Int J Dermatol 22: 459–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Kristmundsdottir F, David TJ (1987) Growth impairment in children with atopic eczema. J Roy Soc Med 80: 9–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Kuebler HC, Kuehn W, Rummel HH, Kaufmann J, Kaufmann M (1987) Zur Karzinomentstehung (Vulvakarzi- 206. nom) beim Netherton-Syndrom ( Ichthyosis, Haaranomalien, atopische Diathese). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilk 47: 742–744

    Google Scholar 

  191. Kuhlwein A, Wasilew SW, Schuette B (1982) Cheveux incoiffables mit Kuticulaspornen und Zahnanomalien bei Ichthyosis vulgaris und atopic dermatitis. Z Hautkr 57: 1421–1429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Kunz R, Fellinger C (1985) Dokumentation des klinischen Bildes der Keratoconjunctivitis atopica bei Neurodermitis constitutionalis. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk 187: 366–368

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Lange-Vejlsgaard G, Ralfkiaer E, Larsen JK, O’Connor N, Thomsen K (1989) Fatal cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in a child with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 954–958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Larsen-Schultz F, Vase P, Schmidt H (1978) Atopic dermatitis and congenital deafness. Br J Dermatol 99: 325–328

    Google Scholar 

  195. Lemke L, Jütte A (1966) Augenbefall bei Neurodermatitis disseminata. Derm Wschr 152: 921–927

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Leroy D, Michel M, Leport Y, Deschamp P (1988) Association d’un eczéma atopique, d’une dermatose bulleuse à IgA linéaire et d’une grele crouteuse. Ann Dermatol Venereol 107: 933–936

    Google Scholar 

  197. Leung DYM, Rhodes AR, Geha RS (1987) Atopic dermatitis. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg JM, Austen KF (eds) Dermatology in general medicine. McGraw-Hill, USA, pp 1385–1408

    Google Scholar 

  198. Levy HL (1977) Hartnup disease. In: Goldensohn ES, Appel SH (eds) Scientific approaches to clinical neurology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p 75

    Google Scholar 

  199. Leyden JJ, Baker DA (1979) Localized Herpes simplex infection in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermato1115: 311–312

    Google Scholar 

  200. Leyden JJ, Marples RR, Kligman AM (1974) Staphylococcus aureus in the lesions of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 90: 525–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Lin RY (1988) Chronic diffuse dermatitis and hyper IgE in HIV infection. Acta Derm Venereol 68: 486–491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Lipman BL (1983) Atopic dermatitis in an infant complicated by generalized verrucae vulgares. Ann Allergy 51: 33–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Longmore L (1970) Atopic dermatitis, cataract and keratoconus. Aust J Dermatol 11: 139–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Lowe CU, May CD, Reed SC (1949) Fibrosis of the pancreas in infants and children. Am J Dis Child 78: 349–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. MacDonald CT, Lerner AB (1966) Atopic dermatitis and persistent lactation. Arch Dermatol 93: 174–176

    Google Scholar 

  206. Mac Millan A, Rook A (1971) Vitiligo with a raised rim in atopic subjects. Br J Dermatol 85: 491

    Google Scholar 

  207. Manabe T, Inagaki Y, Nakagawa S, Miyoshi K, Ueki H (1987) Ripple pigmentation of the neck in atopic dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol 9: 301–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Marks J (1968) Systemic effects of skin disease with particular reference to the small intestine. Thesis, University of Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  209. Marks S, Shuster S (1970) Small-intestinal mucosal abnormalities in various skin diseases–fact or fancy? Gut 11: 281–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Marks J, Shuster S (1971) Intestinal malabsorption and the skin. Gut 12: 938–947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Matuchansky C, Certin M, Bognel JC, Bognel C, Modigliani R, Daniel F, Galian A, Civatte J, Bernier JJ (1974) Dermatoses chronique et absorption intestinale. Etude anatomofonctionelle de l’intestin grele dansobservations. Ann Med Interne 125: 253–259

    Google Scholar 

  212. McCalla R, Savilahti E, Perkkiö, Kuitunen P, BackmanA (1980) Morphology of the jejunum in children with eczema due to food allergy. Allergy 35: 563–571

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. McCormick DP, Ammann AJ, Ishizaka K, Miller DG, Hong R (1971) A study of allergy in patients with malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 27: 93–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. McDonald DM, Fergin PE, Black MM (1980) Localized cutaneous amyloidosis. In: Glenner GG et al. (eds) Amyloid and amyloidosis. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 239–242

    Google Scholar 

  215. Meadow SR, Sarsfield JK (1981) Steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy: clinical studies. Arch Dis Child 56: 509–516

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Mee AS, Brown D, Jewell DP (1979) Atopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 14: 743–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Menzel I (1984) Zur Provokation der Dermatitis atopica durch intestinale Candidamykose. Z Hautkr 59: 1463–1468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Mevorah B, Frenk E, Wietlisbach V, Carrel CF (1988) Minor clinical features of atopic dermatitis. Dermatologica 177: 360–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Midelfart K, Stenvold SE, Volden G (1985) Combined UVB and UVA phototherapy of atopic eczema. Dermatologica 171: 95–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Minnesota Dermatological Society (1968) Histidinemia and atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 98: 317–319

    Google Scholar 

  221. Miyachi S, Lessof MH, Kemeny DM, Green IA (1979) Comparison of the atopic background between allergic and non-allergic beekeepers. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 58: 160–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Morris T, Rhodes J (1979) Ulcerative colitis: is it an allergic disorder? In: Pepys J, Edwards AM (eds) The mast cell. Pitman, London

    Google Scholar 

  223. Moschella SL, Hurley HJ (eds) (1958) Dermatology, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  224. Motala C, Potter PC, Weinberg EG, Malherbe D, Hughes J (1986) Antistaphylococcus aureus specific IgE in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78: 583–589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Mouzon Cambon A, Ohayou E, Bouissou F, Barthe P (1980) HLA DR typing in children with glomerular diseases. Lancet 2: 868

    Google Scholar 

  226. Mukai K (1966) A case of atopic dermatitis with cataract and retinal detachment. Jap Rev Clin Ophthal 60: 1043

    Google Scholar 

  227. Muller SA, Brunsting LA (1963) Cataracts associated with dermatologie disorder. Arch Dermatol 88: 330–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Muller SA, Winkelmann RK (1963) Alopecia areata. An evaluation of 736 patients. Arch Dermatol 88: 290–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Mulvey PM (1972) Cot death survey. Anaphylaxis and the house dust mite. Med J Aust: 1240–1244

    Google Scholar 

  230. Murray AB, Fraser BM, Hardwick DF, Pirie GE (1976) Chronic asthma and growth failure in children. Lancet 2: 197–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Mylius K (1949) Doppelseitige spontane Netzhautab- lösung bei 2 Jugendlichen, seit Jahren an Neurodermitis disseminata leidenden Patienten. Klin Mbl Augenheilk 115: 247–250

    Google Scholar 

  232. Neubert U, Wolff HH (1982) Komplikationen bei atopischem Ekzem. Allergologie 5: 52–57

    Google Scholar 

  233. Nicolis GD, Helwig EB (1973) Exfoliative dermatitis: a clinicopathologic study of 135 cases. Arch Dermatol 108: 788–797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Nichols TR, Lamb K, Arkins JA (1987) The association of atopic diseases with endometriosis. Ann Allergy 59: 360–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Nielsen NV, Sorensen PN (1978) Glaucoma induced by application of corticosteroids to the periorbital region. Arch Dermatol 114: 953–954

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Nordbring F, Johannson SGO, Espmark A (1972) Raised serum levels of IgE in infectious mononucleosis. Scand J Infect Dis 4: 119–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Norris PG, Rivers JK (1987) Screening for cataracts in patients with severe atopic eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol 12: 21–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Oakes RC, Cox AD, Burgdorf WHC (1983) Atopic dermatitis. Clin Pediat 22: 467–475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Ohnishi M, Kimura K, Matsumoto T, Sakamoto F, Yamaguchi M, Kadowaki J (1978) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and atopic features. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Nephrology, 1978, Abstract 97

    Google Scholar 

  240. Orecchia G (1987) Alopecia areata and measles. J Am Acad Dermatol 17: 840–841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Ortonne JP, Perrot H, Thivolet J (1976) Étude clinique et statistique d’une population de 100 vitiligos: facteurs étiologiques et étude clinique. Associations fonctionelles. Sem Hop Paris 52: 679–686

    Google Scholar 

  242. Ortonne JP, Perrot H, Thivolet J (1976) Étude clinique et statistique d’une population de 100 vitiligos. Sem Hop Paris 52: 475–481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Oshinskie L, Haine C (1982) Atopic dermatitis and its ophthalmic complications. J Am Optom Assoc 53: 889–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Parish WE, Barrett AM, Coombs RRA, Gunther M, Camps FE (1960) Hypersensitivity to milk and sudden death in infancy. Lancet 2: 1106–1110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Parkin JM, Eales LJ, Galazka AR, Pinching AJ (1987) Atopic manifestations in AIDS: response to recombinant gamma interferon. Br Med J 294: 1185–1186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Pauly CR, Artis WM, Jones HE (1978) Atopic dermatitis, impaired cellular immunity and molluscum contagiosum. Arch Dermatol 114: 391–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Penders AJM (1968) Alopecia areata and atopy. Dermatologica 136: 395–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Perkkio M (1980) Immunohistochemical study of intestinal biopsies fro children with atopic eczema due to food allergy. Allergy 35: 573–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Perret CM, Steijlen PU, Happle R (1990) Alopecia areata. J Dermatol 29: 83–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Peterson RDA (1965) Immunologic responses in infantile eczema. J Pediatr 66: 224–234

    Google Scholar 

  251. Pigatto PD, Altomare G, Polenghi MM, Roveroni S, Menni S, Docchio F (1986) Atopy and photosensitivity in children. Photodermatol 3: 303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Pike MG, Haddle RJ, Boulton P, Turner MW, Atherton DJ (1986) Increased intestinal permeability in atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 86: 101–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Prigent F, Civatte J (1982) Atopie et syndrome associés. Ann Dermatol Venereol 109: 341–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Przybilla B, Ring J, Grießhammer B (1987) Atopy and hymenoptera venom allergy ( HVA ). J Allergy Clin Immunol 79: 233

    Google Scholar 

  255. Przybilla B, Ring J (1986) Hyposensibilisierungsbehandlung der Hymenopterengiftallergie: Aspekte der Indikationsstellung und Dosierung. Allergologie 9: 2–10

    Google Scholar 

  256. Przybilla B, Ring J, Grießhammer B (1989) Diagnostische Befunde bei Hymenopterengiftallergie. Allergologie 12: 192–202

    Google Scholar 

  257. Rahi A, Davies P, Ruben M (1977) Keratokonus and coexisting atopic disease. Br J Ophthalmol 61: 761–764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Rajka G (1983) Atopic dermatitis and Hodgkin’s disease. Acta Derm Venereol 63: 176

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  259. Rajka G (1989) Essential aspects of atopic dermatitis. Berlin, Springer

    Google Scholar 

  260. Rajka G, Barlinn C (1979) On the significance of the trichophytin reactivity in atopic dermatitis. Acta Denn Venereol 59: 45–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Rajka G, Skog E (1965) On the relation between drug allergy and atopy. Acta Allergol 20: 387–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Rajka G, Winkelmann RK (1984) Atopic dermatitis and Sézary syndrome. Arch Dermatol 120: 83–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Rao M, Victoria MS, Jabbar H, Steiner P (1981) Atopic dermatitis, asthma and eye changes in children. J Asthma 18: 47–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Räsänen L, Lehto M, Reunala T, Jansen C, Lehtinen M, Leinikki P (1987) Langerhans cell and T-lymphocyte functions in patients with atopic dermatitis with disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection. J Invest Dermatol 89: 15–18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  265. Rasmussen JE (1989) Management of atopic dermatitis. Allergy 44 Suppl 9: 108–113

    Google Scholar 

  266. Reed WB, Epstein WL, Boder E, Sedgwick R (1966) Cutaneous manifestations of ataxia-teleangiectasia. JAMA 195: 746–753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Reed WB, Lopez DA, Landing B (1970) Clinical spectrum of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Arch Dermatol 102: 134–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Reeves WG, Cameron JS, Johannson SGO, Ogg CS, Peters DK, Weller RO (1975) Seasonal nephrotic syndrome. Description and immunologic findings. Clin Allergy 5: 121–137

    Google Scholar 

  269. Revuz J, Delebarre P, Modigliani P, Touraine R (1976) Eczéma atopique, déficit immunitaire mixte, hyperplasie lymphoide du gréle. Bull Soc Fr Derm Syph 83: 154–157

    Google Scholar 

  270. Rice NSC, Easty D, Garner A, Jones BR, Tripathi R (1971) Vernal kerato-conjunctivitis and its management. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 91: 483–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Richards W, Olsen D, Church JA (1977) Improvement of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome following allergy therapy. Ann Allergy 39: 332–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Ring J (1982) Atopisches Ekzem. Dtsch Med Wschr 107: 483–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Ring J (1988) Angewandte Allergologie. MMV Medizin Verlag, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  274. Ring J, Dorsch W (1985) Altered releasability of vasoactive mediator secreting cells in atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 114: 9–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Roberts DL, Rhodes J, Heatley RV, Newcombe RG (1978) Atopic features in ulcerative colitis. Lancet 1: 1262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Rokugo M, Tagami H, Usaba Y, Tomita Y (1990) Contact sensitivity to pityrosporum ovale in patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 126: 627–632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, Champion RH, Barton JL (eds) (1986) Textbook of dermatology, 4th edn. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  278. Rooklin AR (1979) Posterior subcapsular cataracts in steroid-requiring asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 63: 383–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Rostenberg A Jr., Solomon LM (1968) Infantile eczema and systemic disease. Arch Dermatol 98: 41–46

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  280. Roth HL (1987) Atopic dermatitis revisited. Int J Dermatol 26: 139–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Ruzicka T, Donhauser G, Linke RP, Landthaler M, Bieber T (1990) Kutane Amyloidosen. Hautarzt 41: 245–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Rystedt I, Strannegard IL, Strannegard O (1984) Increased serum levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in adults with history of atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 75: 179–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Rystedt I, Strannegard IL, Strannegard O (1986) Recurrent viral infections in patients with past or present atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 114: 575–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Rystedt I, Strannegard IL, Strannegard O (1989) Infections as contributing factors to atopic dermatitis. Allergy 44 (Suppl 9): 79–83

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  285. Sack SS (1947) Atopic cataract: report of a case with tabulated summary of previously reported cases. Ann Allergy 5: 353–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Sampolinsky D, Samra Z, Zavaro A, Barishak Y (1984) Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in tears and serum of vernal conjunctivitis patients. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 75: 317–321

    Google Scholar 

  287. Sandberg DH, McIntosh RM, Bernstein CW, Can R, Strauss J (1977) Severe steroid responsive nephrosis associated with hypersensitivity. Lancet I: 388–391

    Google Scholar 

  288. Sanderson IR, Brueton LA, Savage MO, Harper JI (1987) Eczema herpeticum–a potentially fatal disease. Br Med J 294: 693–694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Schaarschmidt S (1983) Pendelnde Mollusca contagiosa bei einer Patientin mit endogenem Ekzem. Z Hautkr 58: 343–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Schmutz JL, Weber M, Beurey J (1989) Cataracte et dermatologie. Ann Dermatol Venereol 116: 133–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Schulz-Kopetz M, Weigl-Jakobi J, Einsiedel E, Korting GW (1981) Zur Alopecia areata im Kindesalter. Akt Dermatol 7: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  292. Scott BG, Buck BE, Leterman JG, Bloom FL, Parks WP (1984) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants. N Engl J Med 310: 76–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Scriver CR et al (1983) Disorders of proline and hydroxyproline metabolism. In: Stanbury JB et al (eds) The metabolic basis of inherited disease, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 360

    Google Scholar 

  294. Sehgal VN, Koranne RV, Srivastava SB (1989) Genital warts. Int J Dermatol 28: 75–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Seinedari S, Gianetti A, Di Silverio A (1979) Sindrome di Waardenburg-Klein e atopia: observazioni su 7 casi familiari. G Ital Dermatol Minerva Dermatol 114: 565–568

    Google Scholar 

  296. Settipane GA, Klein DE, Boyd GK (1978) Relationship of atopy and anaphylactic sensitization: a bee sting allergy model. Clin Allergy 8: 259–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Sevel D (1977) Lenticular complications of long-term steroid therapy in children with asthma and eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 60: 215–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Shanon J (1970) Cutaneous amyloidosis associated with atopic disorders. Dermatologica 141: 297–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Shuster S, Marks J (1965) Dermatogenic enteropathy: A new cause of steatorrhoea. Lancet 1: 1367–1368

    Google Scholar 

  300. Skalka HW, Prehal JT (1980) Effect of corticosteroids on cataract formation. Arch Ophthalmol 98: 1773–1777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Snyderman SE (1965) An eczematoid dermatitis in histidine deficiency. J Pediatr 66: 212–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Solomon LM, Telner P (1966) Eruptive molluscum con tagiosum in atopic dermatitis. Can Med Assoc 95: 978–979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Spencer WH, Fisher JJ (1959) The association of keratoconus with atopic dermatitis. Am J Ophthal 47: 332–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Stalder JF, Sourisse M (1989) La dermatite atopique et l’infection staphylococcique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 116: 341–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Steiner K (1952) Glomerulonephritis associated with atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 247: 201–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Stern RS, Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB (1985) Ocular findings in patients treated with PUVA. J Invest Dermatol 85: 269–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Stevanovic DV (1960) Apparent light sensibility in atopic subjects. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 40: 220–227

    Google Scholar 

  308. Strannegard IL, Strannegard O (1981) Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies in children with atopic disease. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 64: 314–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Strannegard O, Strannegard IL, Rysted I (1985) Viral infections in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 114: 121–124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Sullivan TJ (1988) Drug Allergy. In: Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds) Allergy: Principle and practice, 3rd edn. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  311. Svejgaard E (1985) Immunologic investigations of dermatophytes and dermatophytosis. Sem Dermatol 4: 201–221

    Google Scholar 

  312. Svejgaard E, Albrechtsen B, Baastrup N (1983) The occurrence of tinea of the feet in 15-year old schoolchildren. Mykosen 26: 450–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Svejgaard E, Christophersen J, Jelsdorf HM (1986) Tinea pedis and erythrasma in danish recruits. J Am Acad Dermatol 14: 993–999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Svejgaard E, Faergeman J, Jemec G, Kieffer M, Ottevanger V (1989) Recent investigations on the relationship between fungal skin diseases and atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 140–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Svennsson A, Möller H (1986) Eyelid dermatitis: the role of atopy and contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 15: 178–182

    Google Scholar 

  316. Svensson A, Edman B, Möller H (1985) A diagnostic tool for atopic dermatitis based on clinical criteria. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 33–40

    Google Scholar 

  317. Swart RNJ, Vermeer BJ, van Der Meer JWM, Enschede FAJ, Versteeg J (1983) Treatment of eczema herpeticum with acyclovir. Arch Dermatol 119: 13–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Tabbara KF, Arafat NT (1977) Cromolyn effects on vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children. Arch Ophthalmol 95: 21–84

    Google Scholar 

  319. Tacier-Eugster H, Wüthrich B, Meyer H (1980) Atopic allergy serum IgE and RAST specific IgE antibodies with cystic fibrosis. Helv Ped Acta 35: 31–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Tagami H, Rokugo M, Usuba Y, Tomita Y (1990) Contact sensitivity to Pityrosporum ovale in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergologie 13: 240

    Google Scholar 

  321. Taieb A, Dubiau JM, Guillet G, Duboz A, Maleville J (1984) Un cas de pustulose de Kaposi-Juliusberg (eczema herpeticum du nourisson), traité per acyclovir. Ann Dermatol Venereol 111: 173–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Taieb A, Fontan I, Maleville J (1985) Acyclovir therapy for eczema herpeticum in infants. Arch Dermatol 121: 1380–1381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Tarnow-Mordi WO, Moss C, Ross K (1984) Failure to thrive owing to inappropriate diet free of gluten and cow’s milk. Br Med J 289: 1113–1114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Thomson PD, Barrat TM, Stokes CR, Turner MW, Soothill JF (1976) HLA antigens and atopic features in steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome of children. Lancet 2: 765–768

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Tobin MJ, Maguire O, Reen D, Tempany E, Fitzgerald MX (1980) Atopy and bronchial reactivity in older patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 35: 807–813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Tourian AY, Sidbury IB (1983) Phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia. In: Stanbury JB et al (eds) The metabolic basis of inherited Disease, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 270

    Google Scholar 

  327. Trompeter RS, Barrat TM, Kay R, Turner MW, Soothill JF (1980) HLA, atopy and cylcophosphamide in steroid responsive childhood nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 17: 113–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. Turner KJ, Baldo BA, Hilton JMN (1975) IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house dust mite), Aspergillus fumigatus and ß-lactoglobulin in sudden infant death syndrome. Br Med J: 357–360

    Google Scholar 

  329. Uehara M, Amemiya T, Arai M (1985) Atopic cataracts in a Japanese population. Dermatologica 170: 180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Ukabam SO, Mann RJ, Cooper BT (1984) Small intestinal permeability to sugars in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 110: 649–652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Vanselow NA, Yamate M, Adams MS, Callies Q, ArborA (1970) The increased prevalence of atopic diseases in anhidrotic congenital ectodermal dysplasia. J Allergy 45: 302–309

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Verbov J, Hart A (1986) Severe varicella in a child with atopic eczema and ichthyosis. Practitioner 230: 15–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Verbov J, Munro DD, Miller A (1972) Recurrent eczema herpeticum associated with ichthyosis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 86: 638–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Verbov JL (1967) Atopic dermatitis and persistent lactation. Br J Dermatol 79: 726–727

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Verkasalo M, Tillikainen A, Kuitunen P, Savilahti E, Backman A (1983) HLA antigens and atopy in children with coeliac disease. Gut 24: 306–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Vetter G (1957) Eine weitere Beobachtung von doppelseitiger Amotio bei Cataracta syndermatotica bilateralis. Klin Mbl Augenheilk 130: 264–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Vickers CFH (1964) Eczema and phenylketonuria. Trans St John’s Hospital 50: 56–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Vieluf D, Korting HC, Braun-Falco O, Walther JU (1990) Dubowitz syndrome: atopic dermatitis, low birth weight dwarfism and facial dysmorphism. Dermatologica 180: 247–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Vieluf D, Korting HC, Braun-Falco O, Belohradsky BH (1989) Eczematous skin lesions in X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM. In: Fritsch P, Schuler G, Hintner H (eds) Immunodeficiency and skin. Curr Probl Dermatol, Basel, Karger, Vol 18, pp 60–65

    Google Scholar 

  340. Waddington E, Bray PT, Evans AD, Richards IDG (1964) Cutaneous complications of mass vaccination against small pox in South Wales 1962. Trans St John’s Hosp Dermatol Soc 50: 22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Waersted A, Hjorth N (1985) Pityrosporon orbiculare–a pathogenic factor in atopic dermatitis of the face, scalp and neck? Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 114: 146–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Waldmann TA, Bull JM, Bruce RM, Broder S, Jost MC, Balestra ST, Suer ME (1974) Serum IgE levels in patients with neoplastic disease. J Immunol 113: 379–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  343. Waldmann TA, Wochner RD, Laster L, Gordon RS (1967) Allergic gastroenteropathy–a cause of excessive gastrointestinal protein loss. New Engl J Med 276: 761–769

    Google Scholar 

  344. Walsh WE (1979) Atopic dermatitis associated with citric and malic acid intolerance. Minn Med 62: 637–639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Warnasuriya N, Downham MAPS, Skelton A, Turner MW, Soothill JF (1980) Atopy in patients of children dying with sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Dis Child 55: 876–878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Warner JO, Taylor BW, Norman AP, Soothill JF (1976) Association of cystic fibrosis with allergy. Arch Dis Child 51: 507–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Warren R, Olsen D, Church JA (1973) Improvmeent of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome following allergy therapy. Ann Allergy 39: 332–333

    Google Scholar 

  348. Warren CPW, Tai E, Batten JC, Hutchcroft BJ, Pepys J (1975) Cystic fibrosis–immunological reactions to A. fumigatus and common allergens. Clin Allergy 5: 1–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Welp K, Gieler U, Ständer M, Friederich HC (1989) Koinzidenz von Psoriasis vulgaris and atopischer Dermatitis. Hautarzt 40: 496–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Wheeler CE, Abele DC (1966) Eczema herpeticum, primary and recurrent. Arch Dermatol 93: 162–171

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  351. White MI, Noble WC (1986) Consequences of colonization and infection by staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 11: 34–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Williams ML, Packman S, Cowan MJ (1983)Alopecia and periorificial dermatitis in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. J Am Acad Dermatol 9: 97–103

    Google Scholar 

  353. Williamson DAJ (1970) Nephrotic syndrome associated with inhaled antigens. Lancet 1: 778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Winkelmann RK, Rajka G (1983) Atopic dermatitis and Hodgkin’s disease. Acta Derm Venereol 63: 176–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. Wittig Hi, Goldman AS (1970) Nephrotic syndrome associated with inhaled allergens. Lancet 1: 542–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Wolff HH (1977) Eczema herpeticatum, Eczema vaccinatum, Eczema verrucatum, Eczema molluscatum. Hautarzt 28: 98–99

    Google Scholar 

  357. Woolfson H (1984) Oral acyclovir in eczema herpeticum. Br Med J 288: 531–532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Wooty-Wong RC, Wong JM, Anderson TF, Lerman S (1985) Lenticular psoralen photoproducts and cataracts of a PUVA-treated psoriatic patient. Arch Dermatol 121: 1307–1308

    Google Scholar 

  359. Wüthrich B (1987) Atopische Dermatitis. Tägl Prax 28: 85–98

    Google Scholar 

  360. Young E, Koers WJ (1989) Intracutaneous tests with pityrosporon extract in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 144: 122–124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Zachary CB, Baker RW, Lessoff MH, MacDonalds DM (1982) Increased intestinal peremeability in atopic eczema–polyethylenglycol used as a probe molecule. Br J Dermatol Suppl 22: 14–15

    Google Scholar 

  362. Zarafonetis CJD (1961) Reticulum cell sarcoma complicating atopic dermatitis. Cancer 14: 5–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Zaslow L, Derbes VI (1970) Serum histidine levels in atopic dermatitis patients. South Med J 63: 1000

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  364. Zugerman C (1976) Glaucoma from topically applied steroids. Arch Demi 112: 1326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. Vieluf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Ruzicka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 8000, München 2, Germany

    Thomas Ruzicka  & Bernhard Przybilla  & 

  2. Hautklinik, Universitätskrankenhaus Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 2000, Hamburg 20, Germany

    Johannes Ring

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vieluf, D., Ruzicka, T. (1991). Complications and Diseases Associated with Atopic Eczema. In: Ruzicka, T., Ring, J., Przybilla, B. (eds) Handbook of Atopic Eczema. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02671-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02671-7_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-02673-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02671-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation