Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Phenolic Resins pp 62–90Cite as

Structurally Uniform Oligomers

  • Chapter

  • 364 Accesses

Abstract

Model compounds as well as prototype reactions are frequently used to understand more complex chemical systems. In the case of phenolic resins a large number of model compounds have been synthesized. They are regarded as either components of a complex mixture of novolaks or resoles or as representative segments of the phenolic crosslinked network. These model compounds were formerly the basis for the correlation of physical properties to molecular structure. Presently the progress of analytical separations and identification methods is formidable; highly sophisticated chemical instrumentation allows the analysis of highly complex mixtures. Nevertheless, well defined compounds with definite structure are still required for the calibration of those analytical techniques, to test mechanistic schemes, to furnish basic data for computer simulation, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Megson, N.J.L.: Chemiker-Ztg. 96, 17 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Sartori, G., Casnati, G., Bocchi, V., Andreetti, G.D.: Makro-mol. Chem. 183, 2611 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kämmerer, H., Lenz, H.: Makromol. Chem. 27, 162 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kämmerer, H., Rausch, W., Schweikert, H.: Makromol. Chem. 56, 123 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kämmerer, H., Haberer, K.: Monatsh. Chem. 95, 1589 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zinke, A., Kretz, R., Leggewie, E., Hössinger, K.: Monatsh. Chem. 83, 1213 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Ricci, G., Balduzzi, G., Casnati, G., Andreetti, G. D.: Makro-mol. Chem. 184, 1363 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kämmerer, H., Eberle, K., Böhmer, V., Großmann, M.: Makromol. Chem. 176, 3295 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gutsche, C.D., No, K.H.: J. Org. Chem. 47, 2708 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hakimelahi, G.H., Moshfegh, A.A.: Helv. Chim. Acta 64, 599 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kämmerer, H., Gros, G.: Makromol. Chem. 149, 85 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kämmerer, H., Lotz, W.: Makromol. Chem. 145, 1 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Niemann, W., Böhmer, V., Evers, H., Kämmerer, H.: Makromol. Chem. 158, 123 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Böhmer, V., Deveaux, J., Kämmerer, H.: Makromol. Chem. 177, 1745 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kämmerer, H., Lenz, H.: Chem. Ber. 94, 229 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Manecke, G., Panoch, H.J.: Makromol. Chem. 96, 1 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Manecke, G., Zerpner, D.: Makromol. Chem. 129, 183 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Ricci, G., Casnati G., Andreetti, G.D., Zetta, L.: Macromolecules 17, 19 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kämmerer, H., Büsing, G., Haub, H. G.: Makromol. Chem. 66, 82 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kämmerer, H., Harris, M.: J. Polym. Sci., A 2, 4003 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 1, 461 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Rodia, J. S.: J. Org. Chem. 26, 2967 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kämmerer, H., Großmann, M.: Chem. Ber. 86, 1492 (1953)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G., Böhmer, V.: Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 8, 245 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tashiro, M.: Synthesis, 1979, 921 and references cited there

    Google Scholar 

  26. Böhmer, V., Rathay, D., Kämmerer, H.: Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 10, 113 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Moshfegh, A. A., Mazandarani, B., Nahid, A., Hakimelahi, G. H.: Helv. Chim Acta 65, 1229 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Casnati, G., Casiraghi, G., Pochini, A., Sartori, G., Ungaro, R.: Pure and Appl. Chem. 55, 1677 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Casiraghi, G., Casnati, G., Cornia, M., Pochini, A., Puglia, G., Sartori, G., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1978, 318

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pochini, A., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Sci., Chem. Commun. 1976, 309

    Google Scholar 

  31. Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Balduzzi, G., Casnati, G.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. and Develop 23, 366 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bigi, F., Casiraghi, G., Casnati, G., Sartori, G., Zetta, L.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm. 1983, 1210

    Google Scholar 

  33. Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Casnati, G., Zetta, L.: Macromolecules 17, 2933 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Förster, H. J., Manecke, G.: Makromol. Chem. 129, 165 (1969) and references cited there

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gutsche, C. D.: Acc. Chem. Res. 16, 161 (1983); Topics in Current Chemistry 123, 1 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zinke, A., Ziegler, E.: Chem. Ber. 77, 264 (1944)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cornforth, J. W., Hart, P. D. A., Nicholls, G. A., Rees, R. J. W., Stock, J. A.: Br. J. Pharmacol. 10, 73 (1955)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gutsche, C.D., Dhawan, B., No, K.H., Muthukrishnan, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 3782 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ninagawa, A., Matsuda, H.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 3, 65 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Nakamoto, Y., Ishida, S.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 3, 705 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Coruzzi, M., Andreetti, G. D., Bocchi, V., Pochini, A., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II 1982, 1133

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hayes, B.T., Hunter, R.F.: Chem. Ind. 1956, 193, J. Appl. Chem. 8, 743 (1958)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G., Caesar, F.: Makromol. Chem. 162, 179 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Happel, G., Mathiasch, B., Kämmerer, H.: Makromol. Chem. 176, 3317 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G.: Makromol. Chem. 179, 1199 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G., Böhmer, V., Rathay, D.: Monatsh. Chem. 109, 767 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G.: Makromol. Chem. 181, 2049 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G., Mathiasch, B.: Makromol. Chem. 182, 1685 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G.: Monatsh. Chem. 112, 759 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Böhmer, V., Chhim, P., Kämmerer, H.: Makromol. Chem. 180, 2503 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Dhawan, B., Gutsche, C.D.: J. Org. Chem. 48, 1536 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kämmerer, H., Dahm, M.: Kunststoffe Plastics 6, 1 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hultzsch, K.: Kunststoffe 52, 19 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Moshfegh, A.A., Beladi, E., Radnia, L., Hosseini, A. S., Tofigh, S., Hakimelahi, G.H.: Heiv. Chim. Acta 65, 1264 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Högberg, A. G. S.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 6046 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Högberg, A. G. S.: J. Org. Chem. 45, 4498 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Erdtman, E., Haglid, F., Ryhage, R.: Act. Chem. Scand. 18, 1249 (1964); compare also 123

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kämmerer, H., Schweikert, H., Haub, H.G.: Makromol. Chem. 67, 173 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Kämmerer, H., Gros, G.: Monatsh. Chem. 101, 1617 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Gutsche, C. D., Dhawan, B., Levine, J. A., No, K. H., Bauer, L. J.: Tetrahedron 39, 409 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Gutsche, C.D., Levine, J.A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 2652 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Bocchi, V., Foina, D., Pochini A., Ungaro, R., Andreetti, G. D.: Tetrahedron 38, 373 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Alfieri, C., Dradi, E., Pochini, A., Ungaro, R., Andreetti, G. D.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1983, 1075

    Google Scholar 

  64. Kämmerer, H., Schweikert, H.: Makromol. Chem. 60, 155 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Andreetti, G.D., Ungaro, R., Pochini, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1981, 533

    Google Scholar 

  66. Muthukrishnan, R., Gutsche, C. D.: J. Org. Chem. 44, 3962 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kämmerer, H., Schweikert, H.: Makromol. Chem. 36, 40 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Kämmerer, H., Hegemann, G., Önder, N.: Makromol. Chem. 183, 1435 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Kämmerer, H., Pachta, J., Ritz, J.: Makromol. Chem. 178, 1229 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Polowinski, S.: Eur. Polym. J. 14, 563 (1979), 11, 183 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kämmerer, H.: Chemiker-Ztg. 96, 7 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kämmerer, H.: Proceedings of the Weyerhaeuser Science Symposium “Phenolic Resins, Chemistry and Application,” Weyerhaeuser Company, Tacoma, 1981, P. 143

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kämmerer, H., Pachta, J.: Colloid. Polym. Sci. 255, 656 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Kämmerer, H., Pachta, J.: Makromol. Chem. 178, 1659 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. No, K.H., Gutsche, C.D.: J. Org. Chem. 47, 2713 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Coruzzi, M., Andreetti, G. D., Bocchi, V., Pochini, A., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II 1982, 1133

    Google Scholar 

  77. Gutsche, C. D., Lin, L. G., Pagoría, P. F.: Unpublished results; see also 35

    Google Scholar 

  78. Kämmerer, H., Böhmer, V.: Makromol. Chem. 135, 97 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Böhmer, V., Lotz, W., Pachta, J., Tütüncü, S.: Makromol. Chem. 182, 2671 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Ziegler, E., Zigeuner, G.: Monatsh. Chem. 79, 42, 363 (1948)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ninagawa, A., Cho, K., Matsuda, H.: Polymer Preprints, ACS, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 24, No. 2, P. 207, ACS 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kämmerer, H., Niemann, W.: Unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  83. For the mole refraction of two series of linear oligomers see: Kämmerer, H., Jäger, R.: Makromol. Chem. 81, 78 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Kämmerer, H., Niemann, W.: Makromol. Chem. 169, 1 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Sprengling, G. R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1190 (1954)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Cardwell, H.M.E., Dunitz, J.D., Orgel, L.E.: J. Chem. Soc. 1953, 3740

    Google Scholar 

  87. Musso, H.: Chem. Ber. 88, 1915 (1955)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Zollinger, H.: Helv. Chim Acta 34, 600 (1951)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Musso, H., Matthies, H.-G.: Chem. Ber. 94, 356 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Böhmer, V., Schade, E., Antes, C., Pachta, J., Vogt, W., Kämmerer, H.: Makromol. Chem. 184, 2361 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Böhmer, V., Schade, E., Vogt, W.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 5, 221 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Kämmerer, H., Gölzer, E.: Makromol. Chem. 44 /45, 53 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Kämmerer, H., Gölzer, E., Kratz, A.: Makromol. Chem. 44 /45, 37 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Izatt, R.M., Lamb, J.D., Hawkins, R.T., Brown, P.R., Izatt, S.R., Christensen, J.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 1782 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Imoto, M., Ijiichi, J., Tanaka, C., Kinoshita, M.: Makromol. Chem. 113, 117 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Böhmer, V., Niemann, W.: Makromol. Chem. 177, 787 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Böhmer, V., Stotz, D., Beismann, K., Niemann, W.: Monatsh. Chem. 114, 411 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Böhmer, V., Beismann, K., Stotz, D., Niemann, W., Vogt, W.: Makromol. Chem. 184, 1793 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Böhmer, V., Stotz, D., Beismann, K, Vogt, W.: Monatsh. Chem. 115, 65 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Böhmer, V., Stein, G.: Makromol. Chem. 185, 263 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Stein, G., Böhmer, V., Lotz, W., Kämmerer, H.: Z. Naturforsch. 36b, 231 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Stein, G., Kämmerer, H., Böhmer, V.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1285, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  103. Francis, D.J., Yeddanapalli, L.M.: Makromol. Chem. 119, 17 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Böhmer, V., Schalla, H., Vogt, W.: Unpublished

    Google Scholar 

  105. Andreetti, G.D., Ungaro, R., Pochini, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 1005

    Google Scholar 

  106. Ungaro, R., Pochini, A., Andreetti, G. D., Sangermano, V.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II 1984, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  107. Andreetti, G.D., Pochini, A., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1983, 1773

    Google Scholar 

  108. Coruzzi, M., Andreetti, G.D., Bocchi, V., Pochini, A., Ungaro, R.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1982, 1133

    Google Scholar 

  109. Ungaro, R., Pochini, A., Andreetti, G. D., Domiano, P.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II 1985, 197

    Google Scholar 

  110. Paulus, E., Böhmer, V.: Makromol. Chem. 185, 1921 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Perrin, M., Perrin, R., Thozet, A., Hanton, D.: ACS Polymer Preprints, Vol. 24, No. 2, August 1983, P. 163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Kämmerer, H., Happel, G.: Unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  113. Gutsche, C.D., Dhawan, B., Levine, J.A., No, K.H., Bauer, L.J.: Tetrahedron 39, 409 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Gutsche, C. D., Bauer, L.J.: Tetrahedron Letters 22, 4763 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Gutsche, C. D., Gutsche, A. E., Karaulov, A. I.: To be published, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  116. Munch, J.H.: Makromol. Chem. 178, 69 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Rizzoli, C., Andreetti, G.D., Ungaro, R., Pochini, A.: J. Mol. Struct. 82, 133 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Cairns, T., Eglinton, G.: Nature 162, 535 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Kovac, S., Eglinton, G.: Tetrahedron 25, 3599 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Cairns, T., Eglinton, G.: J. Chem. Soc. 1965, 5906

    Google Scholar 

  121. Tobiason, F. L., Houglum, K., Shanafelt, A., Böhmer, V.: ACS Polymer Preprints, Vol. 24, No. 2, August 1983, P. 131

    Google Scholar 

  122. Zetta, L., Casiraghi, G., Cornia, M., Kaptein, R.: Macromolecules, in press

    Google Scholar 

  123. Canceill, J., Gabard, J., Collet, A.: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1983, 122

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-6500, Mainz, Germany

    Volker Böhmer

Authors
  1. Volker Böhmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Böhmer, V. (1985). Structurally Uniform Oligomers. In: Phenolic Resins. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02429-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02429-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-02431-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02429-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation