Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth is increased in arteries of hypertensive patients and animals [1,12,24,30,36]. This increased growth contributes to development of medial thickening in resistance vessels [1,10] and has been hypothesized to play an important role in the etiology of the hypertension by conferring a geometric advantage to the thickened vessel such that vascular resistance is greater at any given level of smooth muscle activation [9]. In contrast, in a large conduit vessels, accelerated smooth muscle growth is believed to represent an adaptive process to minimize changes in wall stress resulting from increased blood pressure [27,28]. Whereas accelerated growth of arterial smooth muscle cells is a common feature of virtually all hypertensive models, the cellular nature of the growth response, with regard to the contribution of cellular hypertrophy versus hyperplasia, appears to vary as a function of the vascular site examined and/or the hypertensive model studied [29]. For example, aortic medial thickening in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is due primarily to enlargement of preexisting SMCs or cellular hypertrophy, and is accompanied by development of polyploidy in a large fraction of hypertrophic SMCs [29,32,33]. In contrast, medial thickening in intermediate-size resistance vessels in the SHR and in the aorta of rats made hypertensive by aortic coarctation is due to SMC hyperplasia [31].
Keywords
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
- Hypertrophic Growth
- Cellular Hypertrophy
- Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain
- Contractile Agonist
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This work was supported by Public Health Service Grants P01-HL19242 and R01-HL 38854 from the National Institutes of Health.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aalkjaer C, Heagerty AM, Petersen KK, Swales JD, Mulvany MJ (1987) Evidence for increased media thickness, increased neuronal amine uptake, and depressed excitation — contraction coupling in isolated resistance vessels from essential hypertensives. Circ Res 61 (2): 181–186
Antonaccio M, Kerwin L (1981) Pre-and postjunctional inhibition of vascular sympathetic function by captopril in SHR. Hypertension 3: 54–62
Asaad M, Antonaccio M (1982) Vascular wall renin in spontaneously hypertensive rats: potential relevance to hypertension maintenance and antihypertensive effect of captopril. Hypertension 4: 487–493
Berecek K, Bohr D (1977) Structural and functional changes in vascular resistance and reactivity in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-) hypertensive pig. Circ Res 40 [Suppl I]: 146–152
Berk BC, Vekshtein V, Gordon HM, Tsuda T (1989) Angiotensin II-stimulated protein synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 13 (4): 305–314
Campbell-Boswell M, Robertson A (1981) Effects of angiotensin II and vasopressin on human smooth muscle cells in vitro. Exp Mol Pathrol 35: 265–276
Chamley-Campbell J, Campbell G, Ross R (1979) The smooth muscle cell in culture. Physiol Rev 59: 1–61
Dzau V (1986) Significance of the vascular renin-angiotensin pathway. Hypertension 8:553–559
Folkow B (1979) Constriction-distension relationships of resistance vessels in normoand hyper-tension. Clin Sci 57: 23s - 25s
Folkow B (1982) Physiological aspects of primary hypertension. Physiol Rev 62: 347–504
Freslon J, Giudicelli J (1983) Compared myocardial and vascular effects of captopril and dihydralazine during hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 80: 533–543
Furuyama M (1962) Histometrical investigations of arteries in reference to arterial hypertension. Tohoku J Exp Med 76: 388–414
Gabbiani G, Kocher O, Bloom W, Vandekerckhove J, Weber K (1984) Actin expression in smooth muscle cells of rat aortic intimai thickening, human atheromatous plaque, and cultured rat aortic media. J Clin Invest 73: 148–152
Garst J, Koletsky S, Weisenbaugh P, Hadady M, Matthew D (1979) Arterial wall renin and renal venous renin in the hypertensive rats. Clin Sci Mol Med 56: 4146
Geisterfer A, Owens G (1989) Arginine vasopressin induced hypertrophy of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 14: 413–420
Geisterfer A, Peach MJ, Owens GK (1988) Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 62: 749–756
Gospodarowicz D, Hirabayashi K, Giguere L, Tauber JP (1981) Factors controlling the proliferative rate, final cell density, and life span of bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. J Cell Biol 89: 568–578
Kaczmarek L (1986) Protooncogene expression during the cell cycle. Lab Invest 54 (4): 365–376
Kawahara Y, Kariya K, Araki S, Fukuzaki H, Takai Y (1988) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in vascular smooth muscle cells: different sensitivity of PDGF- and angiotensin II-induced phospholipase C reactions to protein kinase C-activating phorbol esters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 156 (2): 846–854
Kawahara Y, Sunako M, Tsuda T. Fukuzaki H, Fukumoto Y, Takai Y (1988) Angiotensin II induces expression of the c-fos gene through protein kinase C activation and calcium ion mobilization in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 150 (1): 52–59
Kazlauskas A, Bowen PD, Seifert R, Hart, CE, Cooper JA (1988) Different effects of homo-and heterodimers of platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains on human and mouse fibroblasts. EMBO J 7 (12): 3727–3735
Leung D, Glagov S, Mathews M (1977) A new in vitro method for studying cell responses to mechanical stimulation: different effects of cyclic stretching and agitation on smooth muscle cell biosynthesis. Exp Cell Res 109: 285–298
Lichtenstein A, Brecher P, Chobanian A (1986) Effects of hypertension and its reversal on the size and DNA content of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 8: 1150–1154
Mulvany M, Baandrup U, Gundersen H (1985) Evidence for hyperplasia in mesenteric resistance vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats using a three-dimensional disector. Circ Res 57: 794–800
Naftilan AJ, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ (1989) Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expressions by angiotensin II in gulture rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 83: 1419–1424
Naftilan AJ, Pratt RE, Eldridge CS, Lin HL, Dzau VJ (1989) Angiotensin II induces c-fos expression in smooth muscle via transcriptional control. Hypertension 13: 706–711
Owens G (1985) Differential effects of antihypertensive therapy on vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, hyperploidy, and hyperplasia in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Circ Res 56: 525–536
Owens GK (1987) Influence of blood pressure on development of aortic medial smooth muscle hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 9 (2): 178–187
Owens G (1989) Control of hypertrophic versus hyperplastic growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 26: H1755–1765
Owens GK (1989) Growth response of aortic smooth muscle cells in hypertension. In: Blood vessel changes in hypertension: structure and function. Lee MKW (ed) CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 45–63
Owens G, Reidy M (1985) Hyperplastic growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction of acute hypertension in rats by aortic coarctation. Circ Res 57: 695–705
Owens G, Schwartz S (1982) Alterations in vascular smooth muscle mass in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Role of cellular hypertrophy, hyperploidy, and hyperplasia. Circ Res 51: 280–289
Owens G, Rabinovitch P, Schwartz S (1981) Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy versus hyperplasia in hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 7759–7763
Owens G, Loeb A, Gordon D, Thompson M (1986) Expression of smooth muscle specific a-isoactin in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: relationship between growth and cytodifferentiation. J Cell Biol 102: 343–352
Owens G, Geisterfer A, Yang Y, Komoriya A (1988) Transforming growth factor beta-induced growth inhibition and cellular hypertrophy in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biol 107: 771–780
Owens GK, Schwartz SM, McCanna M (1988) Evaluation of medial hypertrophy in resistance vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 11 (2): 198–207
Powell JS, Clozel J, Muller KM, Kuhn H, Hefti F, Hosang M, Baumgartner H (1989) Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 245: 186–188
Ross R (1987) Platelet-derived growth factor. Annu Rev Med 38: 71–79
Rovner A, Murphy R, Owens G (1986) Expression of smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin heavy chains in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 261: 14740–14745
Scott BT, Resink TJ, Baur U, Burgin M, Buhler FR (1988) Amiloride sensitive activation of S6 kinase by angiotensin II in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 151 (1): 583–589
Scott BT, Resink TJ, Hahn AP, Buhler FR (1989) Differential stimulation of growth related metabolism in cultured smooth muscle cells from SHR and WKY rats by combinations of EGF and LDL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 159 (2): 624–632
Sottiurai V, Kollros P, Glagov S, Zarins C, Mathews M (1983) Morphologic alteration of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells by cyclic stretching. J Surg Res 35: 490–497
Taubman MB, Berk BC, Izumo S, Tsuda T, Alexander RW, Nadal GB (1989) Angiotensin II induces c-fos mRNA in aortic smooth muscle. Role of Ca2+ mobilization and protein kinase C activation. J Biol Chem 264 (1): 526–530
Thomas G, Perez-Martin J, Siegmann M, Otto A (1982) The effect of serum, EGF, PGF2a and insulin on S6 phosphorylation and the initiation of protein and DNA synthesis. Cell 30: 235–242
Trippodo N, Frolich E (1981) Similarities of genetic (spontaneous) hypertension: man and rat. Circ Res 48: 309–319
Turla MB, Thompson MM, Corjay, MH, Owens GK (1991) Mechanisms of angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin-induced increases in protein synthesis and content in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 68: 288–299
Wolinsky H (1970) Response of the rat aortic media to hypertension. Circ Res 26: 507–607
Wolinsky H, Glagov S (1969) Comparison of abdominal and thoracic aortic medial structure in mammals. Circ Res 25: 677–688
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin • Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Owens, G.K. (1991). Hypertrophic Growth of Vascular Smooth Muscle. In: Bruschi, G., Borghetti, A. (eds) Cellular Aspects of Hypertension. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00983-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00983-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-00985-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-00983-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive