Zusammenfassung
Wovon hängt der viel berühmte „erste Eindruck“ ab, wenn wir privat oder beruflich neuen Menschen begegnen? Und welchen Einfluss können unsere Eigenschaften und Bedürfnisse auf die Wahrnehmung einer anderen Person bei dieser Begegnung haben? Im folgenden Buchkapitel werden wir diesen Fragen nachgehen und dafür zunächst vorstellen, anhand welcher Dimensionen die Wahrnehmung fremder Personen charakterisiert werden kann. Daraufhin ziehen wir Parallelen zu den relevanten Dimensionen bei der Wahrnehmung potenzieller Partnerinnen und Partner und diskutieren die Wichtigkeit der Domänen in Abhängigkeit von Eigenschaften der betrachtenden Person. Wir werden darlegen, dass bestimmte Personen (Targets) von bestimmten Betrachterinnen und Betrachtern (Perceivern) unterschiedlich wahrgenommen werden (Target x Perceiver-Interaktion). Hierbei fokussieren wir uns auf das Geschlecht als relevante Perceiver-Variable. Weiterhin werden wir aufzeigen, dass sich die unterschiedliche Wichtigkeit in der Bewertung von Partnermerkmalen nicht nur im Selbstbericht widerspiegelt. Es liegen bereits erste Befunde vor, welche auf Target-, Perceiver-, und Target × Perceiver-Interaktionseffekte bei der automatischen Verarbeitung von Partnermerkmalen auf basaler kognitiver Ebene hindeuten. Abschließend fassen wir zusammen, welche Fragen die empirische Forschung bereits geklärt hat und welche noch offen sind. Aus unserer Sicht eröffnet sich durch ein systematisches und umfassendes Verständnis der automatischen Verarbeitung in der Personenwahrnehmung ein interessantes Forschungsfeld für die evolutionären Sozialwissenschaften, um theoriegeleitet Hypothesen über den Einfluss von „Kultur“ auf den verschiedenen Stufen der Verarbeitung, beginnend bei sehr basalen automatischen Prozessen auf der Ebene der Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit, bis zu sehr kontrollierten und verzerrten Antworten im Selbstbericht, abzuleiten und zu überprüfen.
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Klümper, L., Schwarz, S. (2024). Inwieweit ist die Personenwahrnehmung eine psychologische Adaptation? Eine evolutionspsychologische Perspektive auf die automatische Verarbeitung von partnerwahlrelevanten Merkmalen. In: Hammerl, M., Schwarz, S., Willführ, K.P. (eds) Evolutionäre Sozialwissenschaften. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43624-7_20
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