Abstract
For six decades, the Catholic Academic Foreigner Service (KAAD) has been supporting study and research stays of talented young people from Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America in Germany. The idea for this scholarship scheme goes back to discussions at the German Catholic Congress in Fulda in 1954. Here, against the background of the recent experience of the Second World War, the first considerations were made to found a sponsoring institution for students from so-called developing countries (at that time still “Third World countries”) so that they get the opportunity to study in Germany. The idea behind it was to win the rapidly increasing number of African, Asian and Latin American students at German universities after the Second World War as possible bridge builders to the local churches in their countries of origin. At first, Asian countries were in focus of attention. Already in the winter semester 1956/57, the first foreign students were sponsored, three from China, three from India and one each from Japan, Pakistan and Vietnam (Weber 2008: 302).
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Notes
- 1.
Officially, the KAAD was founded in 1958 as a registered association with headquarters in Bonn. The first chairwoman was Maria Alberta Lücker, who played a leading role in the first years of the KAAD and contributed significantly to the conception of the first scholarship programmes. At this time the KAAD still called “Foreign Service” (“Auslandsdienst”) and not yet “Foreigner Service” (“Ausländerdienst”).
- 2.
This also explains why most universities today still concentrate mainly on teaching and less on research, which is due on the one hand to a lack of money, but also to the lack of a research tradition that has yet to develop further.
- 3.
From the perspective of dependency theories, ‘brain drain’ was a strategy pursued by the industrialised countries to maintain and increase the dependency of the developing countries (cf. for example Bhagwati 1976, 1983; Galeano 1988). According to the modernisation theory, who always emphasised the positive effects of free trade and the free movement of capital between industrialised and developing countries (cf. Kaiser/Wagner 1991: 335ff.), the emigration of the ‘best brains’ from developing countries was also viewed critically and interpreted it as a loss of human capital, which had a negative influence on the socio-economic development of the countries of origin (as Körner 1999).
- 4.
It is therefore said that in the long term the initial brain drain can turn into a brain gain (i.e. a profit for the country of origin) (Hunger 2000). This process has been observed in India in an almost ideal-typical manner. Furthermore, similar developments have also been observed in recent years in other developing countries that were also affected by brain drain for many years and are now trying to win back their foreign elites and profit from their know-how and acquired capital (cf. Hunger 2003, 2004).
- 5.
- 6.
The project for this book was conducted from April 2016 to September 2018 at the Research College “Shaping the Future Humanely” at the University of Siegen (FoKoS).
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Krannich, S., Hunger, U. (2024). Introduction. In: Student Migration and Development. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43125-9_1
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