Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing

Wirtz, Bernd W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41467-2_8

Bernd W. Wirtz²

1739 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Im achten Kapitel werden die Grundlagen, Services und Anwendungen von Artificial Intelligence dargestellt und anhand des AI-Frameworks erläutert. Die Chancen und Risiken von Artificial Intelligence werden mithilfe des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Chancen- und des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Risiko-Modells beschrieben. Zudem wird die Notwendigkeit und Anwendung von Governance von Artificial Intelligence dargestellt und anhand des 6-Dimensionen-AI-Governance-Modells erklärt. Abgeschlossen wird das 8. Kapitel mit der Darstellung der Funktionsweise von Quanten-Computern und deren Anwendungen im Digital Business.

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Notes

1.
Vgl. zu Kap. 8 Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing im Folgenden Wirtz (2018), S. 124 ff.; Wirtz (2020), S. 259 ff.; Wirtz (2022a), S. 175 ff.; Wirtz (2022b), S. 193 ff.
2.
Vgl. Wirtz/Weyerer (2019a).
3.
Manager Magazin (2017).
4.
Handelsblatt (2017).
5.
Vgl. Turing (2009).
6.
Inhalte basierend auf Copeland (2016); Wittpahl (2019).
7.
Vgl. Searle (1980), S. 417.
8.
Vgl. Leslie (2000).
9.
Vgl. Fonagy et al. (2019), S. 5.
10.
Inhalte basierend auf Joshi (2019).
11.
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Decide Soluciones (2017); Ulster University (2020).
12.
Vgl. Colmerauer/Roussel (1996); Lally/Fodor (2011).
13.
Vgl. Mitchell (2008), S. 1.
14.
Inhalte basierend auf Damron (2018); Kirste/Schürholz (2019); Wittpahl (2019); DataRobot Inc. (2020).
15.
Inhalte zum Teil basierend auf Briggs/Kodnani (2023), Jovanović und Campbell 2022, Goodfellow et al. 2014.
16.
Vgl. OpenAI 2023a, b, c, d; IBM 2023.
17.
Vergleiche hierzu Abschn. 8.4 Governance von Artificial Intelligence.
18.
Inhalte basierend auf Accenture (2016).
19.
Vgl. Accenture (2016), S. 10.
20.
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019c), S. 6 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Geyer (2019).
21.
Vgl. dazu Kap. 10 Digitale Automatisierung und Robotik.
22.
Vgl. Briggs/Kodnani (2023), S. 10.
23.
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 4 ff.; Wirtz (2020), S. 273 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 3 ff.
24.
Vgl. Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 7.
25.
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 5; Wirtz (2020), S. 273 f.; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 14.
26.
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf IDC (2019); Miller (2019); Wirtz (2020), S. 276; Wirtz (2022a), S. 216.
27.
Vgl. im Folgenden IDC (2019); Miller (2019).
28.
Inhalte basierend auf Wirtz/Weyerer (2019b), S. 6 f.; Wirtz (2020), S. 279; Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 14.
29.
Vgl. zu den folgenden Ausführungen zum 6-Dimensionen-AI-Governance-Modell Wirtz/Weyerer/Kehl (2022), S. 11 ff.
30.
Vgl. Eggers/Fishman/Kishnani (2017), S. 12.
31.
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017), S. 31 ff.
32.
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller (2019), S. 1089.
33.
Vgl. Rahwan (2018), S. 5.
34.
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017).
35.
Vgl. Boyd/Wilson (2017); Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017); Wirtz/Müller (2019).
36.
Vgl. Thierer/Castillo/Russell (2017).
37.
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller (2019), S. 1088.
38.
Vgl. Madiega (2019); Wright/Schultz (2018).
39.
Vgl. Scherer (2016), S. 394; Doneda/Almeida (2016).
40.
Vgl. Reed (2018); Wright/Schultz (2018).
41.
Vgl. Madiega (2019).
42.
Vgl. Whittaker et al. (2018).
43.
Vgl. Scherer (2016); Wirtz/Müller/Langer (2022).
44.
Vgl. Gasser/Almeida (2017); Reed (2018).
45.
Vgl. Guihot/Matthew/Suzor (2017); Whittaker et al. (2018).
46.
Vgl. DeepMind (2023).
47.
Vgl. Inofuentes (2014).
48.
Vgl. Novet (2018); DeepMind (2023).
49.
Vgl. DeepMind (2018).
50.
Vgl. van Oord et al. (2016).
51.
Vgl. DeepMind (2016).
52.
Vgl. Mnih et al. (2013), S. 1 ff.
53.
Vgl. Pohlen et al. (2018), S. 1 ff.
54.
Vgl. Mnih et al. (2013).
55.
Vgl. Service (2020).
56.
Vgl. Service (2018).
57.
Vgl. Service (2020); Callaway (2020), S. 203 f.
58.
Vgl. Baek et al. (2021), S. 871 ff.
59.
Vgl. AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (2023); Varadi et al. (2022), S. 439 ff.
60.
Vgl. McKinney et al. (2020), S. 89 ff.; Hern (2016); University College London (2018); Moorfields Eye Hospital (2023); Tomašev et al. (2019), S. 116 ff.
61.
Vgl. University College London (2018); Moorfields Eye Hospital (2023).
62.
Vgl. Hern (2016).
63.
Vgl. Tomašev et al. (2019), S. 116 ff.
64.
Vgl. McKinney et al. (2020), S. 89 ff.
65.
Vgl. Hodson (2016); BBC (2021).
66.
Vgl. van Oord et al. (2016); Tuyls et al. (2021), S. 41 ff.; Li et al. (2022), S. 1092 ff.; Assael/Sommerschield/Prag (2019).
67.
Vgl. The Physics arXiv Blog (2014); Mnih et al. (2013), S. 1 ff.
68.
Vgl. AlphaGo (2023).
69.
Vgl. Campbell/Hoane Jr/Hsu (2002), S. 57 ff.
70.
Vgl. Bory (2019), S. 627 ff.
71.
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 42 ff.
72.
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 45.
73.
Vgl. Yu (2016), S. 42 ff.
74.
Vgl. Brügmann (1993), S. 1 ff.
75.
Vgl. Silver et al. (2017a); Silver et al. (2018), S. 1140 ff.; Silver et al. (2017b), S. 354 ff.
76.
Silver et al. (2018), S. 1140.
77.
Silver et al. (2018), S. 1144.
78.
OpenAI (2023a).
79.
Vgl. OpenAI (2018b).
80.
Broadly Distributed Benefits, Absatz 2 OpenAI (2018b).
81.
Vgl. OpenAI (2015).
82.
Vgl. Metz/Weise (2023).
83.
Vgl. Moreno (2022); Salmon (2023).
84.
Vgl. Lemke/Budka/Gabrys (2015), S. 117 ff.; OpenAI (2018c); Nichol/Achiam/Schulman (2018).
85.
Vgl. Knight (2017).
86.
Vgl. OpenAI (2018a).
87.
Vgl. Shadow Robot (2023).
88.
Vgl. OpenAI et al. (2018).
89.
Vgl. OpenAI (2018a); OpenAI et al. (2019).
90.
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
91.
Vgl. OpenAI (2017).
92.
Vgl. OpenAI (2017).
93.
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
94.
Vgl. Brown et al. (2020).
95.
Vgl. zum 4C-Net Business Model Kap. 13 B2C-Geschäftsmodelle im Digital Business.
96.
Vgl. Hao (2020).
97.
Vgl. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (2023).
98.
OpenAI (2023d).
99.
Vgl. Herman (2022); Korn/Kelly (2023).
100.
Vgl. Heaven (2021); Ramesh et al. (2021).
101.
Vgl. OpenAI (2022).
102.
Vgl. Ladd et al. (2010), S. 45.
103.
Vgl. Rietsche et al. (2022).
104.
Vgl. Statista (2022a).
105.
Vgl. Statista (2022b).
106.
Vgl. Masiowski et al. (2022).
107.
Vgl. McKinsey & Company (2022).
108.
Vgl. Hassija et al. (2020), S. 42 ff.
109.
Vgl. Planck (1900); Planck (1969), S. 107 ff.
110.
Vgl. Davisson/Germer (1927), S. 705 ff.; Einstein (1905), S. 132 ff.; Thomson (1927), S. 802 ff.
111.
Vgl. Benioff (1980), S. 563 ff.
112.
Vgl. Mermin (2006), S. 481 ff.; Feynman (1986), S. 507 ff.
113.
Vgl. Nielsen/Chuang/Grover (2002), S. 558 ff.
114.
Vgl. Preskill (2012), S. 1 ff.
115.
Vgl. Aaronson (2019); Metz (2019).
116.
Vgl. Arute et al. (2019), S. 505 f.; Associated Press (2019).
117.
Vgl. McKinsey & Company (2022).
118.
Inhalte basierend auf van Velzen et al. (2022).
119.
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Jawade (2018); Haddad et al. (2019), S. 4; Knopf/Funk (2019); Behara (2021); van Velzen et al. (2022), S. 6.
120.
Vgl. Ladd et al. (2010), S. 45 ff.; Friedman et al. (2000), S. 43 ff.; Horodecki et al. (2009), S. 865 ff.
121.
Vgl. Horodecki et al. (2009), S. 865 ff.
122.
Vgl. Duan/Raussendorf (2005), S. 1 ff.
123.
Vgl. Haddad et al. (2019), S. 4 f.
124.
Vgl. Terhal (2018), S. 530 f.
125.
Vgl. Arute et al. (2019), S. 505 ff.
126.
Inhalte teilweise basierend auf Gambetta/Chow/Steffen (2017); Sodhi (2018); Hassija et al. (2020), S. 46; Behara (2021); Nayak (2021); IQM (2022).
127.
Vgl. Chong/Franklin/Martonosi (2017), S. 180 ff.; Fingerhuth/Babej/Wittek (2018), S. 1 ff.
128.
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4.
129.
Vgl. Behara (2021).
130.
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
131.
Vgl. Brandl (2017), S. 18 ff.
132.
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4; Behara (2021); McGeoch et al. (2019), S. 38 ff.
133.
Vgl. Sodhi (2018), S. 4 ff.
134.
Vgl. Gisin et al. (2002), S. 145 f.; Pirandola et al. (2020), S. 1012 ff.; Portmann/Renner (2022).
135.
Vgl. Savariraj/Simone (2022).
136.
Vgl. Wootters/Zurek (2009), S. 76.
137.
Vgl. Savariraj/Simone (2022); Bennett et al. (1992), S. 3 ff.; Gisin et al. (2002), S. 145 ff.
138.
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
139.
Vgl. Cao et al. (2019), S. 10856 ff.
140.
Vgl. Herman et al. (2022), S. 1 ff.; Egger et al. (2020), S. 1 ff.; Orús/Mugel/Lizaso (2019).
141.
Vgl. Black/Scholes (1973); Berezin/Shubin (2012).
142.
Vgl. Stamatopoulos et al. (2020), S. 291 ff.
143.
Vgl. Biamonte et al. (2017), S. 195 ff.; Orús/Mugel/Lizaso (2019), S. 2.
144.
Vgl. Wirtz/Müller/Langer (2023).

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Lehrstuhl für Informations- und Kommunikationsmanagement, Deutsche Universität für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer, Speyer, Deutschland
Bernd W. Wirtz

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Bernd W. Wirtz
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Wirtz, B.W. (2024). Artificial Intelligence und Quantum Computing. In: Digital Business. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41467-2_8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41467-2_8
Published: 28 March 2024
Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-41466-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-41467-2
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)

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