Abstract
Based on two representative population surveys, the chapter discusses the extent of societal self-empowerment in Germany in 2020. It turns out that almost two thirds of the respondents are willing to break the law in exceptional situations in order to follow their conscience. If, on the other hand, one asks whether one is allowed to take the law into one’s own hands or whether one must only adhere to rules if one agrees with them, if one is threatened with being caught or if the government also adheres to the rules, the agreement decreases significantly. However, the study of two concrete examples, the climate school strikes (3 items) and societal self-empowerment in the context of Corona measures (4 items), shows that societal self-empowerment is indeed socially relevant. Around a quarter of the respondents support the climate protests taking place during school time and thus violating the legal obligation to attend school, and at least six percent state that they have only sometimes complied with the Corona restrictions. However, it depends on the concrete subject whether people are willing to self-empower or not. People who participate in climate strikes therefore do not necessarily comply any less with the Corona restrictions—on the contrary.
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Notes
- 1.
The differences between our two surveys are minimal on this question: In the first survey, 64% were of the opinion that one should be allowed to follow one’s conscience in exceptional situations, 25% said that one must always obey the law and 10.7% could not make up their minds. In the second survey, the corresponding values were 63.2%, 24.6% and 12.1%.
- 2.
In 1990 and 1996, separate surveys were conducted in East and West Germany. These were taken into account as separate surveys in the calculation of the mean. However, the two parts of the country differed only marginally on this issue.
- 3.
Again, the differences between the two surveys are marginal. In the first (second) survey, 18.3% (17.8%) thought that one could take the law into one’s own hands; 62.9% (64.1%) did not find this, 18.6% (17.7%) were undecided.
- 4.
Since the majority of the FFF participants are likely to have been minors, but only people over the age of 17 were surveyed in our survey, we tried to better assess the extent of unauthorized behavior with the question of the participation of family members in the school strikes.
- 5.
The numbers from both surveys are relatively similar: In the first (second) survey, 5.0% (5.1%) of the respondents said that they had participated themselves, 10.1% (6.8%) reported that a relative had participated and 83.9% (87.4%) said that no family member had participated in an FFF demonstration. In the first (second) survey, 48.3% (45.8%) of the respondents supported the demonstrations, 35.1% (37.9%) considered them to be wrong, 16.3% (15.6%) could not decide. Finally, 23.8% (20.2%) of the respondents in the first (second) survey found it correct that the demonstrations took place during school time, while 64.5% (69.5%) gave precedence to the compulsory school attendance. 11.5% (10.0%) were undecided.
- 6.
Compare, for example, https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/covid-19-pandemie-corona-demonstrationen-positionen-und.2897.de.html?dram:article_id=476457 (last accessed on 28.10.2020).
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Kirsch, P., Kube, H., Zohlnhöfer, R. (2023). How Much Societal Self-Empowerment is There?. In: Societal Self-empowerment in Germany. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40865-7_3
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