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Das föderale System der USA: Vom losen zum engen aber polarisierten Bund

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Handbuch Politik USA

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Zusammenfassung

Die USA mit ihrer noch gültigen Verfassung von 1789 können nicht nur als die älteste kontinuierliche Republik, sondern auch den ältesten modernen Bundesstaat gelten. Das Alter der Bundesverfassung erinnert eine revolutionäre Errungenschaft, die mehr als zwei Jahrhunderte zurückliegt. Sie bedeutet jedoch auch Herausforderungen an die Anpassungsfähigkeit insbesondere der Bundesebene und der föderalen Kompetenzverteilung, zumal die US-Verfassung außergewöhnlich hohe Hürden zur Abänderung vorsieht. Der Beitrag behandelt die strukturellen und funktionalen Grundzüge der föderalen Ordnung der USA. Er geht auch auf Entwicklungsdynamiken zwischen Regierungsebenen und einige Herausforderungen im US-Föderalismus ein, die in einem Verfassungsrahmen ablaufen, der bis heute weitgehend gleich gebliebenen ist.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Der 18. Amendment (1919) führte die Prohibition ein. Diese wurde 1933 mit dem 21. Amendment wieder aufgehoben, was gewissermaßen einen Kompetenzverlust des Bundes herbeiführte. Die lediglich sechs Verfassungsänderungen seit 1933 (22.–26. Amendments, zwischen 1947 und 1971) betreffen Wahlrechtsfragen (z. B. Senkung des Wahlalters von 21 auf 18 Jahre) oder das Präsidentenamt (z. B. Amtszeitbegrenzung, Nachfolgeregelung). Der 27. und bis heute letzte Zusatzartikel bezüglich Gehaltserhöhungen von Kongressabgeordneten wurde 1992 angenommen, stellt aber eher eine Kuriosität dar. Sie geht auf eine lange verloren gegangene, im späten 20. Jahrhundert wieder entdeckte Initiative aus dem 18. Jahrhundert zurück.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Deutschland

    Jared Sonnicksen

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  1. Jared Sonnicksen
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Correspondence to Jared Sonnicksen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Christian Lammert

  2. Politik München, TUM Think Tank, Hochschule für, München, Deutschland

    Markus B. Siewert

  3. Bard College Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Boris Vormann

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Sonnicksen, J. (2024). Das föderale System der USA: Vom losen zum engen aber polarisierten Bund. In: Lammert, C., Siewert, M.B., Vormann, B. (eds) Handbuch Politik USA. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39686-2_64

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39686-2_64

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