Zusammenfassung
Die Nutzung von Wäldern nimmt eine zentrale Stellung in der Gesellschaft ein – von der Selbstversorgung (z. B. Brennholz, Nahrung) bis hin zur Holzversorgung globalisierter Wertschöpfungsketten multinationaler Unternehmen. Wälder spielen eine zentrale Rolle für das globale Klima. Darüber hinaus sind Wälder Lebensraum für unzählige Tier-, Pflanzen- und Pilzarten und tragen mit ihrer reichen Artenvielfalt ganz wesentlich zur terrestrischen Biodiversität bei. Waldökosysteme erbringen zahlreiche wertvolle Ökosystemleistungen, z. B. als Produzent nachwachsender Rohstoffe, als Ort der Erholung, zur Regulation von Wasserkreisläufen, zum Schutz des Bodens und mit zunehmender Bedeutung als einziger natürlicher terrestrischer Speicher von Kohlenstoff. Angefacht von politischen Agenden, wie z. B. der Bioökonomiestrategie auf nationaler und EU-Ebene, dem Ziel einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft, des Green Deals und den UN Zielen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, wird eine intensivierte Holznutzung zunehmend befürwortet und damit legitimiert. Gleichzeitig setzt der Klimawandel und damit in Zusammenhang stehende vermehrt auftretende lokale Umweltkatastrophen, wie Dürren, Schädlingsbefall oder Waldbrände, und Luftverschmutzung den Wald als funktionierendes Ökosystem und dessen Biologische Vielfalt vermehrt unter Druck. Im Laufe der Kulturgeschichte geriet der Wald immer wieder unter Druck: Die Legitimität der Nutzung der Wälder, stellt somit einen gesellschaftspolitischen Diskurs dar.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Alagador, D., Cerdeira, J. O., & Araújo, M. B. (2014). Shifting protected areas: Scheduling spatial priorities under climate change. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(3), 703–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12230.
Alarcón, D., & Cavieres, L. A. (2015). In the right place at the right time: Habitat representation in protected areas of South American Nothofagus-dominated plants after a dispersal constrained climate change scenario. PLoS ONE, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119952.
Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., Hogg, E. H. (Ted), Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Lim, J. H., Allard, G., Running, S. W., Semerci, A., & Cobb, N. (2010). A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(4), 660–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001.
Almeida, I., Rösch, C., & Saha, S. (2018). Comparison of ecosystem services from mixed and monospecific forests in Southwest Germany: A survey on public perception. Forests, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100627.
Arnberger, A., Eder, R., Allex, B., Preisel, H., Ebenberger, M., & Husslein, M. (2018). Trade-offs between wind energy, recreational, and bark-beetle impacts on visual preferences of national park visitors. Land Use Policy, 76, 166–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.007.
Bastrup-Birk, A., Reker, J., Zal, N., Romao, C., & Cugny-Seguin, M. (2016). European forest ecosystems: State and trends. EEA Report, 5.
Bayrak, M. M., & Marafa, L. M. (2016). Ten years of REDD+: A critical review of the impact of REDD+ on forest-dependent communities. Sustainability, 8(7), 620.
Blattert, C., Lemm, R., Thees, O., Lexer, M. J., & Hanewinkel, M. (2017). Management of ecosystem services in mountain forests: Review of indicators and value functions for model based multi-criteria decision analysis. Ecological Indicators, 79, 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.025.
BMK (2019): Bioökonomie-Strategie für Österreich. https://www.bmbwf.gv.at/Themen/HSUni/Hochschulgovernance/Leitthemen/Nachhaltigkeit/Bio%C3%B6konomiestrategie.html. Zugegriffen 01.11.2021.
Bullock, J. M., Aronson, J., Newton, A. C., Pywell, R. F., & Rey-Benayas, J. M. (2011). Restoration of ecosystem services and biodiversity: Conflicts and opportunities. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(10), 541–549.
CBD, U. (2010). Strategic plan for biodiversity 2011–2020 and the Aichi targets. Report of the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Chazdon, R. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., Lamb, D., Laestadius, L., Calmon, M., & Kumar, C. (2017). A policy-driven knowledge agenda for global forest and landscape restoration. Conservation Letters, 10(1), 125–132.
Costa, S., Garcia, S., & Ibanez, L. (2011). Do taste and quality perception influence consumer preferences for wood? An econometric model with latent variables. Forest Science, 57(2), 89–101.
Costanza, R., Fisher, B., Mulder, K., Liu, S., & Christopher, T. (2007). Biodiversity and ecosystem services: A multi-scale empirical study of the relationship between species richness and net primary production. Ecological Economics, 61(2–3), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.03.021.
D’Amen, M., Bombi, P., Pearman, P. B., Schmatz, D. R., Zimmermann, N. E., & Bologna, M. A. (2011). Will climate change reduce the efficacy of protected areas for amphibian conservation in Italy? Biological Conservation, 144(3), 989–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.004.
Drábková, A. (2014). Opinions and preferences of forest visitors to the Protected Landscape Area Blaník. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 45(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.7160/sab.2014.450206.
Dullinger, S., Gattringer, A., Thuiller, W., Moser, D., Zimmermann, N. E., Guisan, A., Willner, W., Plutzar, C., Leitner, M., Mang, T., Caccianiga, M., Dirnböck, T., Ertl, S., Fischer, A., Lenoir, J., Svenning, J. C., Psomas, A., Schmatz, D. R., Silc, U., … Hülber, K. (2012). Extinction debt of high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2(8), 619–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1514.
EC (2020): EU-Biodiversitätsstrategie 2030. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_de. Zugegriffen 01.11.2021.
Edwards, P., Lacey, J., Wyatt, S., & Williams, K. J. H. (2016). Social licence to operate and forestry – An introduction. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 89, 473–476.
Eriksson, L., Nordlund, A., Olsson, O., & Westin, K. (2012). Beliefs about urban fringe forests among urban residents in Sweden. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 11(3), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2012.02.004.
European Commission. (2002). Perception of the wood-based industries – Qualitative study. Retrieved from Luxembourg: ISBN 92-894-4125-9.
European Commission. (2013). Flash Eurobarometer 379: Attitudes towards biodiversity. Luxembourg: Directorate-General for Communication. https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/S1103_379. Zugegriffen: 29. Mai 2020.
European Commission. (2020). Eurobarometer 501: Attitudes of European citizens towards the environment. Luxembourg: Directorate-General for Communication. https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/S2257_92_4_501_ENG. Zugegriffen: 29 Mai 2020.
European Environment Agency. (2012). The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe. EEA Technical report, 16(16). https://doi.org/10.2800/65864.
Forest Europe (1993): Resolution H1General Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of Forests in Europe. Second Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe16-17 June 1993, Helsinki/Finland accessible: https://foresteurope.org/about/ministerial-conferences/helsinki/
Forest Europe. (2015). State of Europe’s forests 2015. Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, 314.
Geburek, T., & Myking, T. (2018). Evolutionary consequences of historic anthropogenic impacts on forest trees in Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 422, 23–32.
Giergiczny, M., Czajkowski, M., Zylicz, T., & Angelstam, P. (2015). Choice experiment assessment of public preferences for forest structural attributes. Ecological Economics, 119, 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.07.032.
Gutsch, M., Larondelle, N., & Haase, D. (2019). Of bugs and men: How forest pests and their management strategies are perceived by visitors of an urban forest. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 41, 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.03.003.
Halder, P., Havu-Nuutinen, S., Pietarinen, J., & Pelkonen, P. (2011). Bio-energy and youth: Analyzing the role of school, home, and media from the future policy perspectives. Applied Energy, 88(4), 1233–1240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.017.
Hanewinkel, M., Cullmann, D. A., Schelhaas, M.-J., Nabuurs, G.-J., & Zimmermann, N. E. (2013). Climate change may cause severe loss in the economic value of European forest land. Nature Climate Change, 3(3), 203.
Hannah, L., Midgley, G., Andelman, S., Araújo, M., Hughes, G., Martinez-Meyer, E., Pearson, R., & Williams, P. (2007). Protected area needs in a changing climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(3), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[131:PANIAC]2.0.CO;2.
Haslett, J. R., Berry, P. M., Bela, G., Jongman, R. H. G., Pataki, G., Samways, M. J., & Zobel, M. (2010). Changing conservation strategies in Europe: A framework integrating ecosystem services and dynamics. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(10), 2963–2977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9743-y.
Hole, D. G., Willis, S. G., Pain, D. J., Fishpool, L. D., Butchart, S. H. M., Collingham, Y. C., Rahbek, C., & Huntley, B. (2009). Projected impacts of climate change on a continent-wide protected area network. Ecology Letters, 12(5), 420–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01297.x.
Holopainen, J. M., Häyrinen, L., & Toppinen, A. (2014). Consumer value dimensions for sustainable wood products: Results from the Finnish retail sector. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 29(4), 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.925138.
Howley, P., Ryan, M., & Donoghue, C. O. (2011). Forestry in Ireland: An examination of individuals’ preferences and attitudes towards the non-market benefits of forests. Irish Geography, 44(2–3), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2011.643392.
IPCC IPCC, G. (2014). Switzerland Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I. II and III To the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, RK Pachauri and LA Meyer (Hrsg.)].
Jiménez, P., Dunkl, A., Eibel, K., Denk, E., Grote, V., Kelz, C., & Moser, M. (2015). Evaluating psychological aspects of wood and laminate products in indoor settings with pictures. Forest Products Journal, 65(5–6), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.13073/FPJ-D-14-00003.
Johnston, A., Ausden, M., Dodd, A. M., Bradbury, R. B., Chamberlain, D. E., Jiguet, F., Thomas, C. D., Cook, A. S. C. P., Newson, S. E., Ockendon, N., Rehfisch, M. M., Roos, S., Thaxter, C. B., Brown, A., Crick, H. Q. P., Douse, A., McCall, R. A., Pontier, H., Stroud, D. A., … Pearce-Higgins, J. W. (2013). Observed and predicted effects of climate change on species abundance in protected areas. Nature Climate Change, 3(12), 1055–1061. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2035.
Juutinen, A., Kosenius, A. K., Ovaskainen, V., Tolvanen, A., & Tyrväinen, L. (2017). Heterogeneous preferences for recreation-oriented management in commercial forests: The role of citizens’ socioeconomic characteristics and recreational profiles. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 60(3), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2016.1159546.
Kleinschmit, D., Lindstad, B. H., Thorsen, B. J., Toppinen, A., Roos, A., & Baardsen, S. (2014). Shades of green: A social scientific view on bioeconomy in the forest sector. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 29(4), 402–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.921722.
Krejčí, H., Stárová, M., Hrbek, I., Navrátilová, M., & Beranová, M. (2019). The perception of forests by the Czech Republic general public. Journal of Forest Science, 65(6), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.17221/138/2018-JFS.
Küster, H. (2003). Geschichte des Waldes: von der Urzeit bis zur Gegenwart. CH Beck.
Kuzman, M. K., Motik, D., Bičanić, K., Vlosky, R. P., & Oblak, L. (2012). A comparative analysis of consumer attitudes on the use of wood products in Slovenia and Croatia. Drvna Industrija, 63(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.5552/drind.2012.1129.
Lähtinen, K., Harju, C., & Toppinen, A. (2019). Consumers’ perceptions on the properties of wood affecting their willingness to live in and prejudices against houses made of timber. Wood Material Science and Engineering, 14(5), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1615548.
Lee, T. M., & Jetz, W. (2008). Future battlegrounds for conservation under global change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1640), 1261–1270. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1732.
Lindberg, S., Roos, A., Kihlstedt, A., & Lindström, M. (2013). A product semantic study of the influence of the sense of touch on the evaluation of wood-based materials. Materials and Design, 52, 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.069.
Lindner, M., Fitzgerald, J. B., Zimmermann, N. E., Reyer, C., Delzon, S., van der Maaten, E., Schelhaas, M.-J., Lasch, P., Eggers, J., van der Maaten-Theunissen, M., Suckow, F., Psomas, A., Poulter, B., & Hanewinkel, M. (2014). Climate change and European forests: What do we know, what are the uncertainties, and what are the implications for forest management? Journal of Environmental Management, 146, 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.030.
Lupp, G., Förster, B., Kantelberg, V., Markmann, T., Naumann, J., Honert, C., … Pauleit, S. (2016). Assessing the recreation value of urban woodland using the ecosystem service approach in two forests in the munich metropolitan region. Sustainability, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111156.
Mace, G. M. (2004). The role of taxonomy in species conservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 359(1444), 711–719.
Mancosu, E., Marín, A. I., Malak, D. A., Trombetti, M., & Bastrup-Birk, A. (2018). Setting priorities for the management of primary forest areas: The importance of a harmonized inventory for supporting regional conservation and restoration efforts. 5th Forum Carpaticum.
McDowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Aukema, B. H., Bond-Lamberty, B., Chini, L., Clark, J. S., Dietze, M., Grossiord, C., & Hanbury-Brown, A. (2020). Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science, 368(6494).
McGrath, M. J., Luyssaert, S., Meyfroidt, P., Kaplan, J. O., Burgi, M., Chen, Y., Erb, K., Gimmi, U., McInerney, D., & Naudts, K. (2015). Reconstructing European forest management from 1600 to 2010. Biogeosciences, 12(14), 4291–4316.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Wetlands and water. World Resources Institute.
Morecroft, M. D., Duffield, S., Harley, M., Pearce-Higgins, J. W., Stevens, N., Watts, O., & Whitaker, J. (2019). Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems. Science, 366(6471).
Mustalahti, I. (2018). The responsive bioeconomy: The need for inclusion of citizens and environmental capability in the forest based bioeconomy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 30, 1–10.
Nordlund, A., Schenk, T., & Westin, K. (2017). Forest beliefs in an urbanizing world: Views on and usage of forest areas among persons with and without a migration biography in Germany and Sweden. Society and Natural Resources, 30(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1238988.
Nummelin, T., Widmark, C., Riala, M., Sténs, A., Nordström, E. M., & Nordin, A. (2017). Forest future by Swedish students–developing a mind mapping method for data collection. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 32(8), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2017.1287303.
Oettel, J., & Lapin, K. (2020). Linking forest management and biodiversity indicators to strengthen sustainable forest management in Europe. Ecological Indicators.
Overpeck, J., Rind, D., & Goldberg, R. (1990). Climate-induced changes in forest disturbance and vegetation. Letters To Nature, 346, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1038/346183a0.
Paletto, A., De Meo, I., Cantiani, M. G., & Maino, F. (2013). Social perceptions and forest management strategies in an Italian alpine community. Mountain Research and Development, 33(2), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00115.1.
Paluš, H., Mat’ová, H., & Kaputa, V. (2012). Consumer preferences for joinery products and furniture in Slovakia and Poland. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae, 54(2), 123–132.
Ramage, M. H., Burridge, H., Busse-Wicher, M., Fereday, G., Reynolds, T., Shah, D. U., Wu, G., Yu, L., Fleming, P., & Densley-Tingley, D. (2017). The wood from the trees: The use of timber in construction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 333–359.
Rametsteiner, E., Oberwimmer, R., & Gschwandtl, I. O. (2007). Europeans and wood. What do Europeans think about wood and its uses? A review of consumer and business surveys in Europe, (Vol. Warsaw (Poland)). Warsaw: Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe Warsaw Liaison Unit.
Ranacher, L., & Stern, T. (2015). Are your messages being heard? Evaluation of the forest-based sector’s communication on sustainable forest management in Austria. Journal of the Austrian Society of Agricultural Economics, 25, 159–168.
Ranacher, L., Lähtinen, K., Järvinen, E., & Toppinen, A. (2017). Perceptions of the general public on forest sector responsibility: A survey related to ecosystem services and forest sector business impacts in four European countries. Forest Policy and Economics, 78, 180–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.016.
Ranacher, L., Höfferer, K., Lettner, M., Hesser, F., Stern, T., Rauter, R., & Schwarzbauer, P. (2018). What would potential future opinion leaders like to know? An explorative study on the perceptions of four wood-based innovations. Bodenkultur, 69(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2018-0005.
Ranacher, L., Sedmik, A., & Schwarzbauer, P. (2020). Public perceptions of forestry and the forest-based bioeconomy in the European Union. European Forest Institute, S. 104.
Reyers, B., Biggs, R., Cumming, G. S., Elmqvist, T., Hejnowicz, A. P., & Polasky, S. (2013). Getting the measure of ecosystem services: A social–ecological approach. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(5), 268–273.
Rosenberger, M., & Weigl, N. (2014). Über Nutzen und Würde von Wald und Holz: Überlegungen zur Verantwortung im Umgang mit einer zentralen Lebensgrundlage. Oekom.
Sabatini, F. M., Burrascano, S., Keeton, W. S., Levers, C., Lindner, M., Pötzschner, F., Verkerk, P. J., Bauhus, J., Buchwald, E., & Chaskovsky, O. (2018). Where are Europe’s last primary forests? Diversity and Distributions, 24(10), 1426–1439.
Schwaiger, F., Poschenrieder, W., Biber, P., & Pretzsch, H. (2019). Ecosystem service trade-offs for adaptive forest management. Ecosystem Services, 39, 100993.
Seidl, R., & Lexer, M. J. (2013). Forest management under climatic and social uncertainty: Trade-offs between reducing climate change impacts and fostering adaptive capacity. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.028.
Seidl, R., Rammer, W., Jäger, D., Currie, W. S., & Lexer, M. J. (2007). Assessing trade-offs between carbon sequestration and timber production within a framework of multi-purpose forestry in Austria. Forest Ecology and Management, 248(1–2), 64–79.
Seidl, R., Rammer, W., & Lexer, M. J. (2011). Adaptation options to reduce climate change vulnerability of sustainable forest management in the Austrian Alps. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41(4), 694–706.
Šimunović, N., Hesser, F., & Stern, T. (2018). Frame analysis of ENGO conceptualization of sustainable forest management: Environmental justice and neoliberalism at the core of sustainability. Sustainability, 10, 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093165.
Šimunović, N., Stern, T., & Hesser, F. (2019). Is sustainable forest management enough? Insights from a frame analysis of European environmental non-governmental organizations. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, 136, 87–140.
Stachová, J. (2018). Forests in the Czech public discourse. Journal of Landscape Ecology (Czech Republic), 11(3), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0011.
Téllez-Valdés, O., & Dávila-Aranda, P. (2003). Protected areas and climate change: A case study of the cacti in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve, México. Conservation Biology, 17(3), 846–853. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01622.x.
Thom, D., Rammer, W., & Seidl, R. (2017). Disturbances catalyze the adaptation of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions. Global Change Biology, 23(1), 269–282.
Toivonen, R. M. (2012). Product quality and value from consumer perspective-An application to wooden products. Journal of Forest Economics, 18(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2011.12.004.
Toppinen, A., Toivonen, R., Valkeapää, A., & Rämö, A. K. (2013). Consumer perceptions of environmental and social sustainability of wood products in the Finnish market. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 28(8), 775–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2013.824021.
Umweltbundesamt. (2021). Nachhaltige Waldwirtschaft [online]. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/land-forstwirtschaft/nachhaltige-waldwirtschaft#die-vielfaltigen-funktionen-des-waldes.
UN. (2017). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 April 2017 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/71/L.63)] 71/285. United Nations strategic plan for forests 2017–2030.
Upton, V., Dhubháin, Á. N., & Bullock, C. (2015). Are forest attitudes shaped by the extent andcharacteristics of forests in the local landscape? Society and Natural Resources, 28(6), 641–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2014.933925.
Van Dael, M., Lizin, S., Swinnen, G., & Van Passel, S. (2017). Young people’s acceptance of bioenergy and the influence of attitude strength on information provision. Renewable Energy, 107, 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.010.
Vor, T., Spellmann, H., Bolte, A., & Ammer, C. (2015). Potenziale und Risiken eingeführter Baumarten. Göttinger Forstwissenschaften, 7, 150.
Zlatanov, T., Elkin, C., Irauschek, F., & Lexer, M. J. (2017). Impact of climate change on vulnerability of forests and ecosystem service supply in Western Rhodopes Mountains. Regional Environmental Change, 17(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0869-z.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ranacher, L., Lapin, K., Hesser, F. (2023). Biodiversität, und die Nutzung des Waldes. In: Hesser, F., Braun, M. (eds) Waldbewirtschaftung in der Klimakrise. Studien zum Marketing natürlicher Ressourcen. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39054-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39054-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-39053-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-39054-9
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)