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Biodiversität, und die Nutzung des Waldes

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Waldbewirtschaftung in der Klimakrise

Zusammenfassung

Die Nutzung von Wäldern nimmt eine zentrale Stellung in der Gesellschaft ein – von der Selbstversorgung (z. B. Brennholz, Nahrung) bis hin zur Holzversorgung globalisierter Wertschöpfungsketten multinationaler Unternehmen. Wälder spielen eine zentrale Rolle für das globale Klima. Darüber hinaus sind Wälder Lebensraum für unzählige Tier-, Pflanzen- und Pilzarten und tragen mit ihrer reichen Artenvielfalt ganz wesentlich zur terrestrischen Biodiversität bei. Waldökosysteme erbringen zahlreiche wertvolle Ökosystemleistungen, z. B. als Produzent nachwachsender Rohstoffe, als Ort der Erholung, zur Regulation von Wasserkreisläufen, zum Schutz des Bodens und mit zunehmender Bedeutung als einziger natürlicher terrestrischer Speicher von Kohlenstoff. Angefacht von politischen Agenden, wie z. B. der Bioökonomiestrategie auf nationaler und EU-Ebene, dem Ziel einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft, des Green Deals und den UN Zielen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, wird eine intensivierte Holznutzung zunehmend befürwortet und damit legitimiert. Gleichzeitig setzt der Klimawandel und damit in Zusammenhang stehende vermehrt auftretende lokale Umweltkatastrophen, wie Dürren, Schädlingsbefall oder Waldbrände, und Luftverschmutzung den Wald als funktionierendes Ökosystem und dessen Biologische Vielfalt vermehrt unter Druck. Im Laufe der Kulturgeschichte geriet der Wald immer wieder unter Druck: Die Legitimität der Nutzung der Wälder, stellt somit einen gesellschaftspolitischen Diskurs dar.

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Correspondence to Katharina Lapin .

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Ranacher, L., Lapin, K., Hesser, F. (2023). Biodiversität, und die Nutzung des Waldes. In: Hesser, F., Braun, M. (eds) Waldbewirtschaftung in der Klimakrise. Studien zum Marketing natürlicher Ressourcen. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39054-9_7

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