Abstract
The assumptions A4, A5, and A8 refer at their core to the concept of perception and use of time, constituting also a distinct Universal Dimension of Culture (UDC) in this dissertation. The overall theme of time serves as the connecting factor between the three corresponding UDCs Perception and Use of Time, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Traditionalism versus Secularism. Therefore, the three UDCs Perception and Use of Time (section 6.1), Uncertainty Avoidance (section 6.2), and Traditionalism versus Secularism (section 6.3) are displayed in one chapter, including their delimitation towards each other (section 6.4, section 6.5), justifying the existence of the three UDCs for the underlying theme of time. In result, each of the three UDCs is displayed with its sub-components and respective cultural dimensions (section 6.6).
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Notes
- 1.
The cultural dimension of Long-Term versus Short-Term Orientation was initially (in the version of Hofstede (2001) deducted on the basis of the database of the Chinese Value Survey. Hofstede et al. (2010) changed in his version of Hofstede et al. (2010) the empirical basis and used instead the database of the WVS. Both versions are considered as conceptually and statistically close to each other (Minkov & Hofstede, 2011).
- 2.
One definition by Heine describes self-enhancement as “the tendency to overly dwell on, elaborate, and exaggerate positive aspects of the self, relative to one’s weakness” (Heine, 2003, p. 101), and one definition by Brown defines self-enhancement as “a tendency to process information in ways that cast the self in a positive light” (Brown, 2003, p. 604).
- 3.
Hofstede (2001) distinguished the concept of uncertainty from the concept of risk, in that sense that risk refers to a specific and often in percentage of probability expressed measure for the likelihood of an event.
- 4.
Several researchers compared the cultural dimensions of Uncertainty Avoidance by Hofstede (2001; Hofstede et al., 2010) and House et al. (2004, 2007, 2014). For an example, please refer to Venaik and Brewer (2010).
- 5.
The delimitation analysis was done from the angle of the concept of uncertainty avoidance and the UDC Uncertainty Avoidance since Schneider et al. (2014) proposed the concept of relationship with the (natural) environment as a source of coping and dealing mechanism for uncertain and unknown situations.
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Kunert, S. (2022). Time—One Connecting Concept?. In: The Eight Universal Dimensions of Culture from a Synthesis of Cultural Taxonomies. Gabler Theses. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38765-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38765-5_6
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