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360°-Videos in der Lehrer*innenbildung – Die Rolle des Videotyps und des Beobachtungsschwerpunktes für das Präsenzerleben und die kognitive Belastung

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360°-Videos in der empirischen Sozialforschung

Zusammenfassung

Unterrichtsvideos werden zur Professionalisierung angehender Lehrkräfte auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise in verschiedenen Lernsettings eingesetzt, um Wissen, Analysefähigkeiten oder Überzeugungen und Einstellungen zu verändern. Dafür wurden bislang fast ausschließlich 4:3 bzw. 16:9-Aufnahmen verwendet. Unterrichtsvideos im 360°-Format wirken authentischer und realistischer als übliche 16:9-Videos und stellen somit eine interessante Weiterentwicklung für die Unterrichtsanalyse und -reflexion dar, die digitale und gleichzeitig überaus realistische Eindrücke von der Unterrichtspraxis realisiert, obwohl die Beobachtenden sich nicht im Klassenraum befinden müssen. Insbesondere wenn Schulpraktika nur schwer realisierbar sind – wie beispielsweise während der Corona-Pandemie – bieten 360°-Unterrichtsvideos eine möglichst authentische Alternative zu Präsenzpraktika. Ob die Analyse von 360°-Videos jedoch auch hinsichtlich der Kompetenzentwicklung angehender Lehrkräfte einen Mehrwert gegenüber 16:9-Videos ausmacht, ist derzeit noch nicht eindeutig beantwortbar. Dementsprechend gibt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zum Lernen mit 360°-Videos und den angenommenen kognitiven und affektiv-motivationalen Wirkmechanismen. Am Ende des Beitrags wird über eine experimentelle Studie zum Einsatz von 360°-Unterrichtsvideos in der Lehrer*innenbildung berichtet, die zwei als zentral angenommene Wirkmechanismen beim Lernen mit 360°-Videos betrachtet, das Präsenzerleben und die kognitive Belastung während der Videorezeption, sowie entsprechende Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Beobachtungsschwerpunktes untersucht.

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Gold, B., Windscheid, J. (2022). 360°-Videos in der Lehrer*innenbildung – Die Rolle des Videotyps und des Beobachtungsschwerpunktes für das Präsenzerleben und die kognitive Belastung. In: Windscheid, J., Gold, B. (eds) 360°-Videos in der empirischen Sozialforschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34364-4_7

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