Zusammenfassung
In allen Definitionsversuchen lassen sich mehr oder minder pointiert drei relevante Ebenen ausmachen
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Notes
- 1.
„Engaging family members is a key component of the PRISM intervention, as it is recognised that they are important to the offender’s reintegration when released from prison. However, this was identified as a challenging and demanding task, because family members (e.g. spouses or children) can be dealing with their own psychological struggles, such as coping with the fact that their son, husband or father is incarcerated and dealing with their transition out of custody. Engagement often involved referring family members to external community-based service providers where necessary“ (Cherney 2018, S. 15).
- 2.
Im Blick auf diese Maßnahmen drängt sich eine Analogie zu „Fünf Stufen der Deprogrammierung“ auf.
- 3.
„This supports the idea that commitment to a group and the likelihood of exit is not only influenced by push/pull factors, but also by satisfaction with involvement, the alternatives available, and the investments made. The fact that push factors (which affect primarily the satisfaction component) were more commonly associated with disengagement than pull factors (which affect primarily the alternatives component) lends support to extensions of Rusbult’s model that argue the satisfaction component may be more pivotal in explaining exit decisions than alternative quality. Related, we offer preliminary evidence that ideology may play an important role in binding individuals to groups by increasing satisfaction with involvement and lessening susceptibility to pull factors“ (Altier et al. 2017, S. 331).
- 4.
So scheinen die Empfehlungen von Altier et al. (2017, S. 332) zu unspezifisch zu sein und sie blenden die Maßnahmenvielfalt der Terrorismusbekämpfungspolitik aus; zudem stellt sich die Frage nach Methoden zur Beeinflussung/Förderung von „unerfüllten Erwartungen“ der Terroristen: „[…] our results suggest that counterterrorism policies focused on influencing the most prevalent push factors may be more effective in persuading terrorists to disengage than those that rely solely on influencing pull factors. Efforts to de-radicalize individuals may persuade some to leave and make others more susceptible to potential pulls, but in our sample nearly half of those who chose to walk away from terrorism did so still very committed to the ideology, and some members were never committed to the ideology to begin with. Finally, although pull factors were not a common cause of disengagement in our sample, they were pivotal for some and should not be completely discounted. Pull factors may also play a critical role in terrorist rehabilitation and re-integration and in deterring re-engagement.
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Logvinov, M. (2021). Bilanz und Diskussion. In: Ausstieg und Deradikalisierung. Radikalisierung – De-Radikalisierung – Prävention. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33902-9_5
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