Abstract
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can represent a feasible solution for reaching the legislative CO2 reduction targets. Li-Ion batteries are the most promising candidates for BEVs due to their high energy density (200 Wh/kg). Heat generation during charge/discharge processes causes temperature increase and thermal management is indispensable. Also temperature gradients inside a cell and a pack must be minimized. This work investigates the thermal behaviour of battery cells during charging/discharging processes both experimentally and numerically. Measurements of several charging/discharging cycles at different ambient temperatures and C-rates are used to build mathematical models of the heat generation due to ohmic/kinetic resistances and entropy variation in function of temperature and state of charge. Numerical simulations in OpenFOAM solve the heat conduction problem inside the cell with air convection at the external surfaces and a heat source in the core. A parametric study to evaluate the impact of discharge/charge rate, ambient temperature, convection conditions and material properties is proposed. Heat losses at slow discharge rates (<0.5C) are below 1% of the power output of the cell and they depend similarly both from ohmic resistance and entropy variation, while at higher discharging rates total heat generation rates reach 5% (at 5C rates) of the power output. Moreover, the heat generation increases disproportionally at very low state of charge levels, SoC < 0.1.
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Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P., Papetti, V., Torre, A.D. (2021). Thermomanagement of Li-Ion Battery Cells During Charge/discharge Processes: Experiments and Simulations. In: Bargende, M., Reuss, HC., Wagner, A. (eds) 21. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium. Proceedings. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33466-6_44
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33466-6_44
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