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Modern Approaches to the Visualization of Landscapes pp 47–78Cite as

Visualizing Landscapes by Geospatial Techniques

Part of the RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft book series (RFSRL)

Summary

This chapter will provide an overview on the manifold approaches to the visualization of landscapes. There are many techniques on the market nowadays, but we first start with a historical view on the development of the different presentation methods of landscape models. In the beginning, there have been historical maps, followed by physical 3D models of cities and landscapes and then entering the digital world of GIS-systems, integrating nadir viewing remote sensing data with equidistant topographical maps including contour lines and 2.5 dimensional shaded relief maps of Digital Terrain Models. The second paragraph is dedicated to recent hardware technology and image processing techniques of remote sensing data in order to derive height information of the landscape. Section 2.3 summarizes the Digital Landscape Models, the basic geodata infrastructure available through the German surveying agencies. These multiscale national topographical datasets lead to the harmonization within the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE). The last paragraph gives some examples of applications in geomorphology, landscape evolution models and animated maps as well as mixed reality, artificial intelligence and landscape architecture and planning. Finally, we not only try to provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature, we also give a comprehensive overview on the available techniques in Fig. 8, where we plotted the “amount of virtuality” against the user involvement. The digital visualization of landscapes as well as the spatial modelling of landscapes under predefined border conditions are a prerequisite for future sustainable decision making.

Keywords

  • 3D-Visualization
  • Animated maps
  • Digital landscape visualization techniques
  • Digital elevation models
  • Image processing
  • Landscape evolution models
  • Virtual reality
  • Visualization hardware

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Fig. 1

Source: Public Domain

Fig. 2

Source: own presentation

Fig. 3

(Source: Rama 2010, under the license CC BY-SA 2.0 FR)

Fig. 4
Fig. 5

(Source: 3DpluraView)

Fig. 6

(Source: NASA 2020)

Fig. 7

(Source: Dalla Corte et al. 2020)

Fig. 8

(Source: Wallace et al. 2016)

Fig. 9

(Source: GeoBasis-DE/BKG 2020, licensed under dl-de/by-2)

Fig. 10

Source: own presentation

Fig. 11

Source: own presentation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geographisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Volker Hochschild, Andreas Braun, Christian Sommer, Gebhard Warth & Adel Omran

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  1. Volker Hochschild
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  2. Andreas Braun
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  4. Gebhard Warth
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  5. Adel Omran
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Correspondence to Volker Hochschild .

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  1. Geographisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

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  2. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Dr. Corinna Jenal

  3. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Olaf Kühne

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Hochschild, V., Braun, A., Sommer, C., Warth, G., Omran, A. (2020). Visualizing Landscapes by Geospatial Techniques. In: Edler, D., Jenal, C., Kühne, O. (eds) Modern Approaches to the Visualization of Landscapes. RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30956-5_4

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