Abstract
The paper provides a structural analysis of the Byzantine Empire of the thirteenth century. As a result of conquest and military effort of Western elites the Latin empire of Constantinople was a very peculiar case. Since the empire never developed into a coherent political system which also included and convinced the local elites it was not able to achieve long-term stability.
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Notes
- 1.
Maier 2006: 31.
- 2.
- 3.
Maier 2006: 24–25.
- 4.
Goldstone and Haldon 2009: 3–29.
- 5.
Münkler 2007: viii and 4–6.
- 6.
Münkler 2007: viii.
- 7.
Gehler and Rollinger 2014: 17.
- 8.
Goldstone and Haldon 2009: 7: “Some historical states have been represented by claims to legitimacy based on consensus, having little or no power of coercion, and have survived generally for only a relatively short time. Those state elites that have military coercion at their disposal, at least in the early stages of their development, may remain relatively isolated from the social structures they live off, surviving only as long as they are able effectively to coerce or persuade support and resources.”
- 9.
Doyle 1984: 93–97.
- 10.
- 11.
Münkler 2007: 48.
- 12.
- 13.
Jacoby 2015: 186.
- 14.
Jacoby 2006: 19–80.
- 15.
- 16.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
Van Aalst and Ciggaar 1990.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
- 25.
- 26.
- 27.
- 28.
- 29.
- 30.
Andrea 1993: 131–149.
- 31.
- 32.
- 33.
- 34.
- 35.
- 36.
- 37.
- 38.
- 39.
Duda 1959.
- 40.
On the Western chronicles from the Holy Land and from the neighbouring Islamic principalities, see van Tricht 12–13.
- 41.
- 42.
Jolivet-Lévy 2012.
- 43.
- 44.
- 45.
On the diversion of the Fourth Crusade see Angold 2003.
- 46.
- 47.
On Byzantium in the discussion about Empires see Haldon 2009.
- 48.
Jacoby 1989.
- 49.
- 50.
On the patterns of resilience see Zolli and Healy 2012: 9–23.
- 51.
Fazal 2007.
- 52.
- 53.
- 54.
Hendrickx 2015.
- 55.
- 56.
- 57.
- 58.
- 59.
On feudalism see Reynolds 2001.
- 60.
- 61.
- 62.
Van Tricht 2011.
- 63.
- 64.
- 65.
- 66.
Gjuzelev 1975.
- 67.
Maier 2006: 34.
- 68.
Hendrickx 1999: 91–103.
- 69.
- 70.
Hendrickx 1999: 113–115; Hendrickx 1997: 203–206.
- 71.
- 72.
- 73.
Hendrickx 1999: 139–116.
- 74.
van Tricht 2011: 280–304.
- 75.
Gilles 2010.
- 76.
- 77.
Maier 2006: 36.
- 78.
Maier 2006: 35.
- 79.
See van Tricht 2011: 34–36 on the Byzantine imperial elite families which remained in territories under the Latin rule.
- 80.
Shawcross 2012a: 212–213.
- 81.
McCormick 2001.
- 82.
- 83.
Kindlimann 1969.
- 84.
Balard 2006: 177 and 178.
- 85.
Jacoby 2002: 153–170.
- 86.
- 87.
van Tricht 2011: 215–219 (imperial authority and Venice).
- 88.
van Tricht 2011: 192–193 (foreign policy of Venice and latin Empire).
- 89.
Longnon 1949: 66–80; Morrisson 2011: 5.
- 90.
Balard 2006: 216–217.
- 91.
van Tricht 2013.
- 92.
Perry 2013: 149–188.
- 93.
- 94.
- 95.
- 96.
Shawcross 2012a: 184–193.
- 97.
Shawcross 2012a: 190.
- 98.
Shawcross 2012a: 200 with further details and bibliography.
- 99.
- 100.
- 101.
- 102.
van Tricht 2011: 69.
- 103.
- 104.
- 105.
- 106.
- 107.
- 108.
- 109.
Perry 2015.
- 110.
- 111.
Van Tricht 2011: 133 ff.
- 112.
- 113.
- 114.
- 115.
Jacoby 2005: 195–214.
- 116.
- 117.
- 118.
Jacoby 2015: 189.
- 119.
Papayianni 2000: 68.
- 120.
Lauer 1924b: 201.
- 121.
Prinzing 1973: 417–418.
- 122.
van Tricht 2011: 460–465.
- 123.
van Tricht 2011: 133–138.
- 124.
Wollf 1962: 199–200.
- 125.
Davies 2011: 737.
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Mitsiou, E. (2020). The Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204–1261): Rise and Fall of a Short-Term State in the Romania. In: Rollinger, R., Degen, J., Gehler, M. (eds) Short-term Empires in World History. Universal- und kulturhistorische Studien. Studies in Universal and Cultural History. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29435-9_5
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