Zusammenfassung
Dem internationalen Trend vieler Länder folgend, befindet sich auch Australien inmitten einer Energiewende. Diese wird von einer nationalen und internationalen Klimapolitik als auch der deutlich gestiegenen Konkurrenzfähigkeit der Erneuerbare Energien angetrieben. Der Erfolg der neuen Technologien hat in den letzten Jahren zu anhaltenden politischen Auseinandersetzungen über die Energiesicherheit und gestiegene Stromkosten geführt.
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Notes
- 1.
Seit der Fertigstellung des Artikels haben sich die politischen Ereignisse in Australien verändert. Der Premierminister Malcom Turnbull wurde zum Rücktritt auf Grund der Kontroverse in der Energiepolitik gezwungen und sein Kabinett umstrukturiert. Neuer Premierminister ist der ehemalige Finanzminister (Treasurer) Scott Morrison. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die diesem Ereignis vorangegangenen öffentlichen Auseinandersetzungen als auch die anhaltenden Konflikte über die Zukunft des Australischen Energiemarktes.
- 2.
Diese Produktions- und Vertriebsunternehmen kontrollieren sowohl die Erzeugung als auch den Stromhandel und -verkauf.
- 3.
Im Rahmen des Erneuerbaren-Energien-Ziels (Mandatory Renewable Energy Target’s, MRETs, bzw. ab 2009 Renewable Energy Target, RET) wurde 2001 eine marktbasierte Quotenregelung ähnlich des britischen Renewables Obligation Scheme eingeführt (Australian Government – Climate Change Authority 2012; zu den Fördermechanismen siehe auch in den Überblick in Kap. 48). Im Gegensatz zu Großbritannien proklamierte die liberalkonservative Regierung unter John Howard jedoch eine verpflichtende Zielsetzung, die bei Nichterfüllung Sanktionen zur Folge hatte. Ein Zertifikate-Modell sollte eine Stromproduktion von 9500 GWh aus erneuerbaren Energien bis 2010 anregen. Darin wurden alle Energieversorger des Landes dazu verpflichtet, einen bestimmten Anteil ihres erworbenen Stroms aus erneuerbaren Energien zu gewinnen. Dieser Verpflichtung haben sie durch den Erwerb von Zertifikaten (Renewable Energy Certificates, RECs) nachzukommen, welche wiederum von Wind- oder Solarstromproduzenten veräußert werden. Die Zertifikatspreise schwanken in Abhängigkeit von Angebot und Nachfrage (MacGill und Mey 2016).
- 4.
Messungen auf der Eyre Halbinsel ergaben Windgeschwindigkeit von 8 m pro Sekunde.
- 5.
Die Kapazitäten sollen durch ein neues Gaskraftwerk in Newcastle (250 MW) oder einem anderen Standort in New South Wales; ein an upgrade of the Bayswater coal plant (100 MW); a Liddell battery (250 MW); demand response (up to 150 MW); a second gas peaker (500 MW); and renewables (1600 MW).
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Mey, F. (2019). Energiewende in Australien: Polarisierungstendenzen in der Diskurskultur?. In: Radtke, J., Canzler, W., Schreurs, M., Wurster, S. (eds) Energiewende in Zeiten des Populismus. Energietransformation. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26103-0_6
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