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Hochtemperaturlegierungen

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Handbuch Hochtemperatur-Werkstofftechnik

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Zusammenfassung

Zu den Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen werden alle Materialien gezählt, die oberhalb von rund 500 °C dauerhaft für Bauteile eingesetzt werden können und damit langzeitig ausreichende mechanische Eigenschaften und Hochtemperatur-Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweisen müssen. Dafür kommen metallische und keramische Werkstoffe infrage sowie intermetallische Phasen, welche eine Stellung zwischen den Metallen und den Keramiken einnehmen.

Die Anwendungen der Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe erstrecken sich im Wesentlichen auf folgende Bereiche:

  • Energietechnik

    Dampf- und Gasturbinen, Dampfkessel, Hochtemperatur-Reaktorbau (Kernreaktoren mit Betriebsmitteltemperaturen oberhalb etwa 500 °C), Wärmetauscher und Hochtemperaturrohrleitungen, Ofenbau und Heiztechnik, Beleuchtungstechnik

  • Antriebstechnik

    Flugtriebwerksbau und Motorenbau

  • Chemische Industrie

    Hochtemperaturverfahren zur Herstellung chemischer Produkte (z. B. die Ammoniak-Synthese), Hochtemperaturpyrolyse (thermische Zersetzung chemischer Verbindungen, wie z. B. in der Petrolchemie das Spalten von C-H-Verbindungen oder die Müllverbrennung), Kohleveredlungstechniken, Wasserstofferzeugung und Synthesegasherstellung durch Sonnenenergie

  • Hüttentechnik und Maschinenbau

    Prozesse der Metallurgie und des Glasschmelzens sowie anderer Verfahren zur Rohstoffgewinnung und -verarbeitung, Hochtemperatur-Werkzeugbau.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Insgesamt bleibt der Eindruck einer martensitischen Struktur trotz der hohen Anlasstemperatur im Lichtmikroskop erhalten, so dass diese Stähle meist einfach als martensitische Cr-Stähle bezeichnet werden.

  2. 2.

    Jede Atomsorte für sich bildet ein kubisch-primitives Teilgitter. Die kristallographische Raumgruppenbezeichnung für Ni3Al lautet \( \mathrm{Pm}\overline{3}\mathrm{m} \) (P steht für primitiv). Die einfach-kubischen Teilgitter als Überstruktur ineinander geschachtelt ergeben das L12 Gesamtgitter (siehe auch Abb. 6.71).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen, Deutschland

    Hans Jürgen Maier

  2. Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland

    Thomas Niendorf

  3. Georgsmarienhütte, Deutschland

    Ralf Bürgel

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  1. Hans Jürgen Maier
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  2. Thomas Niendorf
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  3. Ralf Bürgel
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Maier, H.J., Niendorf, T., Bürgel, R. (2019). Hochtemperaturlegierungen. In: Handbuch Hochtemperatur-Werkstofftechnik. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25314-1_6

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