Abstract
After World War I, Trieste, the single most important port city of the Habsburg Monarchy since the Middle Ages, became part of Italy, whose national movement had long demanded the annexation of the Italian-speaking territories of Istria and Dalmatia. After the liberation from fascism and the troops of the Wehrmacht, Yugoslavia and Italy equally laid claim to the city, which marked the beginning of the Trieste conflict. While the revolutionary Yugoslavian anti-fascism invoked the Slavic majority of Istria as a whole, Italy appealed that Trieste had been part of Italian territory since 1919, and referred to the city’s Italian-speaking majority.
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Notes
- 1.
That is how the brother of poet and film director Pier Paolo Pasolini, member of an Italian antifascist organization, was killed by competing Yugoslavian partisans (Crainz 2005, p. 46–47; Albath 2013, pp. 95–162). All his life, Pasolini thus resisted the communist party’s narrative and its simple distinction between fascists and resistance fighters.
- 2.
These foibe massacres were long suppressed from memory in post-war Italy. The governing Christian Democrats showed little inclination to indict the offenders, because doing so would have certainly provoked counterclaims to legally avenge the severe war and occupation crimes of Italian fascism in Yugoslavia. For the Communist Party of Italy, too, the question of how they were positioned towards the partisans was an uncomfortable one (Mattioli 2010, p. 109).
- 3.
Statute for the Free Territory of Trieste, http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/973F5ACC5148F42B85257506007BDAC2.
- 4.
Cf. Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, www.regione.fvg.it/rafg/cms/RAFVG/GEN/statuto.
- 5.
See Friuli-Venezia Giulia, http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.
- 6.
Information by Raoul Pupo, Trieste.
- 7.
See the full text of the treaty at: www.trattatodiosimo.it/trattato.htm.
- 8.
This bilateral treaty of 2002 is documented in: Marko et al. (n.d.): Minderheitenschutz im östlichen Europa. Slowenien, www.uni-koeln.de/jur-fak/ostrecht/minderheitenschutz/Vortraege/Slowenien/Slowenien_Geistlinger.pdaf, p. 151.
- 9.
Das Schicksal der Slowenen in Italien, www.mein-italien.info/geschichte/slowenen.htm.
- 10.
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Schoch, B. (2020). Trieste: A State on Paper, Partition in Praxis. In: Babayev, A., Schoch, B., Spanger, HJ. (eds) The Nagorno-Karabakh deadlock. Studien des Leibniz-Instituts Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25199-4_9
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