Abstract
Chapter 4 is the chapter of consistency concepts. First, the classical transactional concept of relational databases is given, including ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability), followed by pessimistic and optimistic concurrency control mechanisms. Second, consistency issues of NoSQL databases are discussed such as the BASE (basically available, soft state, eventually consistent) concept and the CAP theorem (consistency, availability, and partition tolerance). In addition, vector clocks are introduced in order to serialize parallel transactions. A comparison between ACID and BASE closes the chapter.
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Notes
- 1.
In the SQL standard, transactions are implicitly started by SQL statements and concluded by COMMIT. Alternatively, they can be initiated explicitly with START TRANSACTION.
- 2.
The notation b: = b + 200 means that the current balance of account b is increased by 200 currency units.
- 3.
This log file is not to be confused with the log from Sect. 4.2.2.
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Meier, A., Kaufmann, M. (2019). Ensuring Data Consistency. In: SQL & NoSQL Databases. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24549-8_4
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