Zusammenfassung
Was denken Menschen über den Klimawandel, wie gehen sie mit ihm um und wodurch wird diese Art des Umgangs beeinflusst? Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt hat sich zu diesen Fragen ein beachtlicher Fundus an Forschungsliteratur herausgebildet. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen aktuellen und komprimierten Überblick über empirische Studien zu Wahrnehmungen, Einstellungen und Verhalten zum Klimawandel in der Bevölkerung einerseits sowie zur Rolle unterschiedlicher Erfahrungsquellen andererseits. Dabei wird nicht nur, wie in bisherigen Forschungsüberblicken, der Einfluss medialer Kommunikation berücksichtigt, sondern auch andere zentrale Erfahrungsquellen wie interpersonale Kommunikation und (scheinbar) direkte Erlebnisse mit Klimawandelursachen und -folgen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass bisherige Studien insbesondere den Zusammenhang zwischen Mediennutzung und Wissen und Einstellungen untersuchen. Die Analyse der unterschiedlichen Studien ergibt, dass unterschiedliche Faktoren beeinflussen, ob und wie stark Medienangebote auf Wissen, Einstellungen und teilweise sogar das Verhalten wirken. Entscheidend sind einerseits stimulusinhärente Eigenschaften wie Medientyp, Darstellungsform sowie kommunizierte Inhalte und Deutungsmuster. Andererseits ist die individuelle Nutzung und Aneignung entscheidend, die von persönlichen Voreinstellungen, Werten und Normen beeinflusst wird. So werden Medienangebote etwa nur selektiv wahrgenommen und teils als übertrieben abgelehnt, missverstanden oder umgedeutet. Bisherige Studien zum Einfluss von interpersonaler Kommunikation oder (scheinbar) direkten Erlebnissen weisen darauf hin, dass diese das Problembewusstsein oder Verhaltensabsichten verstärken können. Vor allem die Bedeutung und Merkmale von interpersonaler Kommunikation sind jedoch bislang nur wenig untersucht.
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- 1.
Definition von Klimaskeptizismus nach Rahmstorf (2004).
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- 3.
In den USA sind Religiosität (Leombruni 2015), Parteizugehörigkeit (Hart und Nisbet 2012; Kellstedt et al. 2008; Malka et al. 2009; van der Linden 2015) sowie „world views“ (Leombruni 2015; Stevenson et al. 2014) ebenfalls zentrale Einflussfaktoren auf Wahrnehmung, Wissen, Einstellung und Verhalten.
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© 2019 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature
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Lörcher, I. (2019). Wie kommt der Klimawandel in die Köpfe?. In: Neverla, I., Taddicken, M., Lörcher, I., Hoppe, I. (eds) Klimawandel im Kopf. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22145-4_3
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