Wahrnehmung – Persönlichkeit – Einstellungen pp 143-172 | Cite as
Stereotype Threat und Politisches Wissen
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Zusammenfassung
Männer verfügen über ein größeres politisches Wissen als Frauen. Dieser geschlechtsspezifische Unterschied gehört zu den am besten gesicherten Erkenntnissen der empirischen Politikwissenschaft. Als Erklärung für das gender gap im politischen Wissen lassen sich mit dem sozialisationstheoretischen, dem strukturellen und dem biologischen Ansatz drei traditionelle Erklärungsansätze unterscheiden. In diesem Beitrag testen wir einen weiteren Erklärungsansatz, der situative Faktoren der Testsituation als erklärende Größe betont und als Stereotype Threat bezeichnet wird. Auf Basis einer Online-Befragung (N = 603) und eines Online-Experiments (N = 377) mit Studierenden der FernUniversität in Hagen können wir erstens die Existenz eines Stereotyps belegen, welches Frauen ein geringeres politisches Wissen zuschreibt als Männern, und zweitens den Einfluss des Stereotyps auf die Leistungsfähigkeit bei einem politischen Wissenstest nachweisen. Bei der experimentellen Aktivierung des Stereotyps schneiden Frauen bei einem politischen Wissenstest signifikant schlechter ab als Männer. In der Bedingung ohne Stereotype Threat lassen sich keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im politischen Wissen nachweisen.
Schlüsselwörter
Politisches Wissen Gender gap Stereotype ThreatLiteratur
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