Zusammenfassung
Die eine psychologische Theorie zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit gibt es nicht, denn ganz unterschiedliche Prozesse und Faktoren tragen zur Erklärung von Nachhaltigkeit bei. Dazu gehören bewusste, rationale Entscheidungen, bei denen ähnlich wie bei Problemlöseprozessen Handlungserfordernisse abgewogen, Normen und Verbindlichkeiten aktiviert, Möglichkeiten wahrgenommen, Barrieren geprüft werden müssen. Dazu gehören auch emotionsgeleitete und intuitive Entscheidungen, bei denen Heuristiken und Verhaltensprogramme automatisiert abgerufen werden können. Neben der damit angesprochenen individuellen Perspektive sind soziale Prozesse zentral. Die hier vorgestellten Theorien beziehen sich zum einen Teil, wie etwa sozial-kognitive Handlungstheorien, grundlegend auf Einstellungen, Motivation und Verhalten und werden zu nachhaltige Entwicklung in Bezug gesetzt. Sie betreffen zum anderen Teil Konzepte zu verwandten Themenbereichen; dazu gehören zum Beispiel entwicklungs- und sozialpsychologische Ansätze zu prosozialem Verhalten, Altruismus, Ethik, Werten, Normen. Modelle zu Moral und moralischem Urteilen sind im Zusammenhang mit nachhaltiger Entwicklung von besonderer Bedeutung, deshalb wird auf diese verstärkt eingegangen.
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Bamberg, E., Schmitt, C.T., Baur, C., Gude, M., Tanner, G. (2018). Theoretische Konzepte zu Nachhaltigkeit – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Handlungs- und Moraltheorien. In: Schmitt, C., Bamberg, E. (eds) Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19965-4_2
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