Skip to main content

Hierarchie und Netzwerk-Governance in russischen Regionen

Hierarchy and network-governance in the Russian regions

Beziehungen zwischen Staat und privaten Akteuren im Policy-Vergleich der Umweltpolitik und ethnischen Konfliktregulierung

State and nonstate actor relations in environmental policy and ethnic policy

  • Aufsätze
  • Chapter
Von Government zu Governance

Zusammenfassung :

Der Beitrag untersucht, wie Hierarchie und Netzwerke als unterschiedliche Formen von Governance unter den Bedingungen des (semi-)autoritären Systems in Russland miteinander verknüpft sind. Empirische Grundlage der Untersuchung sind 13 Fallstudien zur Umweltpolitik und zur ethnischen Konfliktregulierung in den russischen Regionen. Unsere Befunde zeigen, dass in Russland aufgrund der wechselseitigen Ressourcenabhängigkeit von staatlichen und privaten Akteuren durchaus horizontale Muster von Governance existieren. Zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren gelingt es vor allem dann, ihre Interessen durchzusetzen, wenn diese mit den wirtschaftspolitischen Entwicklungsstrategien der föderalen Regierung in Einklang zu bringen sind. Insbesondere die schwache Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Rechtslücken tragen aber dazu bei, dass horizontale zulasten vertikaler Governance-Muster ausgehebelt werden. Es lassen sich aber auch Faktoren identifizieren, die dieser Entwicklung entgegenwirken.

Abstract :

This article investigates how hierarchy and networks as different modes of governance interact under the terms of the Russian (semi-)authoritarianism. The empirical study is based on 13 case studies focusing on policy-making in ethnic policy as well as on environmental policy in the Russian regions. Our findings reveal that horizontal patterns of governance do exist, since resource interdependency between state and non-state actors necessitate interactions. Civil society actors can successfully enforce their interests, if they are in line with the federal government’s economic development strategy. The weak rule of law and holes in law, however, undermine horizontal governance and facilitate patterns of vertical governance. Factors curtailing these tendencies can yet be identified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Afinogenov, Dmitrij. 2007. Analiz izmenenij zakonodatel'stva v oblasti ėkologičeskoj ėkspertizy. http://www.ecominfo.spb.ru/news/index.php?id=743#_ftn1. Zugegriffen: 3. Aug. 2012.

  • Agakhanjanz, P. 2006. Prinjatie ėkologičeski značimych rešenij i rossijskaja obščestvennost' - pozicii učastnikov processa (po materialam intervju). Ėkologičeskoe planirovanie i upravlenie 1:81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bähr, Holger, Gerda Falkner, und Oliver Treib. 2007. Modes of governance. Towards a conceptual clarification. Journal of European Public Policy 14:1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekkers, Viktor, Geske Dijkstra, Arthur Edwards, und Menno Fenger. 2007. Governance and the democratic deficit . Hampshire: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz, Arthur. 2007. Handbuch Governance. Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Anwendungsfelder. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blokov, Ivan, und Alexandr Shuvalov. 2005. Russlands ökologische Probleme aus der Sicht von Greenpeace. Russlandanalysen 63:2–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, David, und Steven Levitsky. 1997. Research note: Democracy with adjectives: Conceptual innovation in comparative research. World Politics 49:430–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, Linda, und Elena Vinogradova. 2006. NGOs and social policy-making in Russia's Regions. Problems of Post-Communism 53:28–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, Alfred B. 2008. The first steps of Russia's public chamber: Representation or coordination? Demokratizatsiya 16:345–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Federal’naja sluiba gosudarstvennoj statistiki. 2011. All-Russian population cencus of 2002, http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=17. Zugegriffen: 18. April 2011.

  • Fish, Steven M. 2001. Authoritarianism despite elections: Russia in the light of democratic theory and practice . Paper presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of APSA. San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gel’man, Vladimir, und Sergei Ryzhenkov. 2011. Local regimes, sub-national governance and the‚ Power Vertical‘ in contemporary Russia. Europe-Asia Studies 63:449–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helmke, Gretchen, und Steven Levitsky. 2004. Informal institutions and comparative politics: A research agenda. Perspectives on Politics 2:725–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, Laura A. 2006. Russian environmentalists and civil society. In Russian civil society. A critical assessment, Hrsg. Alfred B. Evans, Laura A. Henry, und Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom, 211–228. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heritiér, Adrienne. 2002. Modes of governance in Europe. Policy-making without Legislating? In Common goods: Reinventing European and International governance, Hrsg. Adrienne Heritiér, 185–206. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heritiér, Adrienne, und Dirk Lehmkuhl. 2008. The shadow of hierarchy and new modes of governance. Journal of Public Policy 28:1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvath, Robert. 2011. Putins's ‚Preventive Counter-Revolution‘: Post-Soviet authoritarianism and the spectre of the velvet revolution. Europe-Asia Studies 63:1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, Jeffrey, Alexej Trochev, und Nikolay Balayan. 2009. The unification of law in the Russian federation. Post-Soviet Affairs 25:310–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenis, Patrick, und Keith G. Provan. 2009. Towards an exogenous theory of public network performance.Public Administration 87:440–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kononenko, Vadim. 2011. Introduction. In Russia as a network state. What Works in Russia when state institutions do not?, Hrsg. Vadim Kononenko und Arkady Moshes, 1-18. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman, Jan. 2003. Governing as governance . London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovalev, Nicole, Johann Köppel, und Eckhard Dittrich. 2007. Demokratie und Umwelt in Russland. Berlin: LIT Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kropp, Sabine. 2009. Die subversive Kraft des Informalen. Verfassungsdynamik im föderalen System Russlands. ZSE - Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften 7:276–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kryshtanovskaya, Olga, und Stephen White. 2011. The formation of Russia's network directorate. In Russia as a network state. What works in Russia when state institutions do not?, Hrsg. Vadim Kononenko und Arkady Moshes, 19-38. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauth, Hans-Joachim. 2000. Informal institutions and democracy. Democratization 7:21–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ledeneva, Alena. 2011. Can Medvedev change sistema? Informal networks and public administration in Russia. In Russia as a network state. What works in Russia when state institutions do not?, Hrsg. Vadim Kononenko und Arkady Moshes, 39-61. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitsky, Steven, und Lucian A. Way. 2002. The rise of competitive authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy 13:51–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitsky, Steven, und Lucian A. Way. 2010. Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the cold war . New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mayntz, Renate. 2004. Governance im modernen Staat. In Governance - Regieren in komplexen Regelsystemen. Eine Einführung, Hrsg. Arthur Benz, 65–76. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Merkel, Wolfgang, und Aurel Croissant. 2000. Formale und informale Institutionen in defekten Demokratien. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 41:3–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merkel, Wolfgang. 2010. Systemtransformation. Eine Einführung in die Theorie und Empirie der Transformationsforschung . Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikirova, Karina. 2012. Governance structures in regional ethnic policy in the Russian federation: A cross-regional comparison. Interactions between state and non-state actors within negotiation platforms on youth ethnic issues . Unveröffentliches Manuskript. Düsseldorf.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2006. Environmental policy and regulation in Russia. The implementation challenge. http://inece.org/oecdtmp/cd/en/docs/regional/environmental_policy_challenge_russia_en_OnlinePDF.pdf. Zugegriffen: 3. Aug. 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottaway, Marina. 2003. Democracy challenged: The rise of semi-authoritarianism. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos, Yannis. 2003. Cooperative forms of governance: Problems of democratic accountability in complex environments. European Journal of Political Research 42:473–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, Nikolay. 2011. Who is running Russian regions? In Russia as a network state. What works in Russia when state institutions do not?, Hrsg. Vadim Kononenko und Arkady Moshes, 81-112. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porfiriev, Boris. 1997. Environmental policy in Russia: Economic, legal and organizational issues. Environmental Management 21:147–157.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reuter, Ora John. 2010. The politics of dominant party formation: United Russia and Russia's governors. Europe-Asia Studies 62:293–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuter, Ora John, und Thomas F. Remington. 2009. Dominant party regimes and the commitment problem: The case of United Russia. Comparative Political Studies 42:501–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, James. 2009a. The Ministry of Civil Society? The public chambers in the regions. Problems of Post-Communism 56:7–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, James. 2009b. Putin and the public chamber. Post-Soviet Affairs 25:40–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, Konrad von, und Vladimir Tsirkunov. 2003. Russian federation. How well is environmental assessment working in Russia? A pilot study to assess the capacity of Russia's EA System . New York: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savva, M. V. 2008. Dialog obščestva I vlasti kak mechanism profilaktiki ėkstremizma. Sbornik statej: Mėtodiki profilaktiki ėkstremisma v molodežnoj srede, ėkspertnyj podchod. Krasnodar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakwa, Richard. 2010. The dual state in Russia. Post-Soviet Affairs 26:185–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scharpf, Fritz W. 1997. Games real actors play. Actor-centered institutionalism in policy research. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuhmann, Johannes. 2012. Governance-Strukturen in der regionalen Umweltpolitik Russlands. Verhandlungen zwischen Staat, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft . Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz. 2009. Subnational governance in Russia: How Putin changed the contract with his agents and the problems it created for Medvedev. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 40:672–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, Eva. 2006. Metagovernance: the changing role of politicians in processes of democratic governance. The American Review of Public Administration 36:98–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, Eva, und Jacob Torfing. 2009. Making governance networks effective and democratic through metagovernance. Public Administration 87:234–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stykow, Petra. 2010. „Bunte Revolutionen“ - Durchbruch zur Demokratie oder Modus der autoritären Systemreproduktion? Politische Vierteljahresschrift 51:137–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smyth Regina, Anna Lowry, und Brandon Wilkening. 2007. Engineering victory: Institutional reform, informal institutions, and the formation of a Hegemonic party regime in the Russian federation. Post-Soviet Affairs 23:118–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Way, Lucian. 2005. Authoritarian state-building and the sources of regime competitiveness in the fourth wave: The cases of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. World Politics 57:231–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Way, Lucian. 2010. The new authoritarianism in the former Soviet Union. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 43:335–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, Ronald. 1998. The political economy of dictatorship . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, Robert K. 2008. Case study research. Design and methods . Thousand Oaks: Sage. Zakaria, Fareed. 1997. The rise of illiberal democracy. Foreign Affairs 76:22–43.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Stephan Bröchler Hans-Joachim Lauth

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer VS | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kropp, S., Schuhmann, J. (2014). Hierarchie und Netzwerk-Governance in russischen Regionen. In: Bröchler, S., Lauth, HJ. (eds) Von Government zu Governance. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft Comparative Governance and Politics. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06145-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics