Zusammenfassung
Im vorigen Jahrhundert war das Krankheits- und Sterblichkeitsmuster in Europa ähnlich dem, wie es heute in den meisten Entwicklungsländern angetroffen wird: eine hohe Säuglings- und Kindersterblichkeit, eine hohe Inzidenz akuter infektiöser Erkrankungen wie Durchfall, respiratorische oder parasitäre Erkrankungen. Bei den chronischen Erkrankungen spielte die Tuberkulose eine herausragende Rolle. Die Lebensbedingungen der Menschen in Hamburg oder Liverpool waren in den Zeiten der industriellen Revolution gekennzeichnet von Armut und ungünstigen hygienischen Bedingungen, z. B. bei der Wasserversorgung, der Abwasserentsorgung und den Wohnverhältnissen. Die entscheidenden Verbesserungen in Gesundheitsstatus und Lebenserwartung traten ein, bevor die klinische Medizin die wichtigsten Infektionskrankheiten erfolgreich zu behandeln gelernt hatte und bevor wirksame Arzneimittel (z. B. Antibiotika seit den 40er Jahren) zur Verfügung standen. Dies hat McKewon u. a. anhand der Entwicklung der Tuberkulosesterblichkeit in England und Wales zwischen 1838 und 1960 deutlich gemacht: Diese war schon fast auf die heutigen Werte gesunken, lange bevor die ersten Tuberkulostatika verfügbar waren und die BCG-Impfung eingeführt wurde (McKewon 1976).
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Knauth, C. (1997). Arzneimittelversorgung und Arzneimittelgebrauch in Entwicklungsländern. In: Diesfeld, H.J., Falkenhorst, G., Razum, O., Hampel, D. (eds) Gesundheitsversorgung in Entwicklungsländern. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97943-9_7
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