The Physiology of Small Groups of Neurons; Reflexes

Abstract

Axonal impulse conduction and excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission are the two fundamental processes of neuronal activity. The complex abilities of the brain are achieved primarily by suitable connections between groups of neurons. In the first part of this chapter we shall examine some typical neuronal networks of a type constantly recurring in various sections of the brain. Some of these networks are used to boost weak signals; others serve to suppress overactivity (Sec. 4.1). These networks resemble the integrated circuits in electronics, that is, prefabricated circuits that can be used in a wide variety of electronic equipment. Their tasks include the suppression and the boosting of signals. In electronic apparatus, and also in the central nervous system, components of this type are used to maintain, as far as possible, optimum operating conditions.