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References
Reviews
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Embryology and Normal Anatomy
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Steroidhormones, Stereoisomerism and Nomenclature
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Cortexolone
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Hertogh, R. D., Hoet,J.J., Materazzi, F., Ekka,E.: The fate of 1,2-3H Cortexolone in man. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 47, 165 (1964).
Deoxycorticosterone
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18-Hydroxycorticosterone
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Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate
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Estrogens
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Tamm,J., Apostolakis, M., Voigt, K.D.: The effects of Acthand Hcgon the urinary excretion of male patients with various endocrine disorders. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 53, 61 (1966).
Biosynthesis of Adrenocortical Hormones
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Transport of Adrenocortical Hormones
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Inactivation, Catabolism and Excretion of Adrenocortical Hormones
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Sayers, G. E., Glenn, M., Sydnor, K. L., Lipscomb, M., Sweat, M. L., Kelly, L.W, Levy, R. P, Mck. Jefferies,W.: Plasma and urinary steroids after hydrocortisone infusion. J. clin. Invest. 34, 1600 (1955).
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Tomkins, G. M.: Enzymatic mechanism of hormone metabohsm. I. Oxidation-reduction of the steroid nucleus. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 12, 125 (1956).
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Chemistryof Corticotropin (ACTH) and the Melanotropins (MSH)
Bradlow, H. L., Fukushima, D. K., Gallagher, T. F., Hell-man, L., Hofmann, K., Li, Ch. H., Rosenfeld, R. S., Spencer, H., Zumoff, B.: Adrenal stimulation by adrenocorticotropic peptides. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 792 (1963).
Hofmann, K.: Chemistry and function of polypeptide hormones. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 31, 213 (1962).
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Li, Ch. H.: Synthesis and biological properties of ACTH peptides. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 18, 1 (1962).
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Ney, R.L., Shimizu, N., Nicholson, W. E., Island, D. P., Liddle, G. W.: Correlation of plasma ACTH concentration with adrenocortical response in normal human subjects, surgical patients and patients with Cushing’s disease. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1669 (1963).
Schwyzer, R.: Structure-activity relationship among physiologically active polypeptides. Proc. 1st internal. Pharmacol, meeting, vol. 7. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1963.
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Yalow, R.S., Berson, S.A.: Characteristics of big Acth in human plasma and pituitary extracts. J. chn. Endocr. 36, 415 (1973).
Reviews
Bush, I. E.: Chemical and biological factors in the activity of adrenocortical steroids. Pharmacol. Rev. 14, 317 (1962).
Deane, H. W.: The anatomy, chemistry and physiology of adrenocortical tissue. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 14,1. The adrenocortical hormones. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
Thorn, G.W., u.a. (Literatur bis 1953): Pharmacological aspects of adrenocortical steroids and Acthin man. New Engl. J. Med. 248, 232 (1953).
Yates, F. E., Urquhart, J.: Control of plasma concentrations of adrenocortical hormones. Physiol. Rev. 42, 335 (1962).
Effectsof Corticotropin and MSH
Fain,J.N.: Adrenergic blockade of hormone induced Hpolysis in isolated fat cells. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 139, 879 (1967).
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Ferguson, J. J.: Protein synthesis and adrenocorticotropin responsiveness. J. biol. Chem. 238, 2754 (1963).
Fiala, S., Sproul, E., Fiala, A.: Action of corticotropin (ACTH) on nucleic acids and subcellular elements of adrenal cortex. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 2, 115 (1956).
Garren, L.D., Gill, G.N., Masui, H., Walton, G.M.: On the mechanism of action of ACTH. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 27, 433 (1971).
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Grant, J.K., Symington, T., Duguid,W.P.: Effect of adrenocorticotropic therapy on thein vitroll)S-hydroxy-lation of deoxycorticosterone by human adrenal homogenates. J. dm. Endocr. 17, 933 (1957).
Haynes, R. C., JR., Berthet, L.: Studies on mechanism of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone. J. biol. Chem. 225, 115 (1957).
—Haynes, R. C., JR., Berthet, L.: Sutherland, E. W., Rall,T.W.: The role of cyclic adenylic acid in hormone action. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 16, 121 (1960).
Hilf, R.: The mechanism of action of Acth. New Engl. J. Med. 273, 798 (1965).
Jenny, M, Müller, A., Mach, R.S.: Effects chimiques et métaboliques d’un nouveau polypeptide à action adréno-corticotrope (tétracosapeptide). Schweiz. med. Wschr. 93, 766 (1963).
Karaboyas, G. C., Koritz, S.B.: Identity of the site of action of 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate and adrenocorticotropic hormone in corticoidogenesis in rat adrenal and beef adrenal cortex sclices. Biochemistry 4, 462 (1965).
Nelson, D. H., Hume, D. M.: Corticosteroid secretion in the adrenal venous blood of the hypophysectomized dog as an assay for ACTH. Endocrinology 57, 184 (1955).
Nugent, Ch. A., Eik-Nes,K., Samuels, L. T., Tyler, F.H.: Changes in plasma levels of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids during the intravenous administration of adrenocorticotropin. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 334 (1959).
— Macdiarmid, W. D., Nelson, A. R., Tyler, F.H.: Rate of adrenal Cortisol production in response to maximal stimulation with Acth. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 684 (1963).
Renold, A. E., Jenkins, D., Forsham, P. H., Thorn, G. W.: The use of intravenous ACTH: a study in quantitative adrenocortical stimulation. J. clin. Endocr. 12, 763 (1952).
Schüler, W, Schär, B., Desaulles, P.: Pharmakologie des Synacthen. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 93, 1027 (1963).
Scriba, P.C.: Zum biochemischen Wirkungsmechanismus des adreno-corticotropen Hormons: Einfluß auf die Synthese von Eiweiß in der Nebenniere. Klin. Wschr. 42, 463 (1964).
Stone, D., Hechter, O.: Studies of ACTH action in perfused bovine adrenals: the site of action of ACTH in cortico-steroidogenesis. Arch. Biochem. 51, 457 (1954).
Vaughan, M., Steinberg, D.: Glyceride biosynthesis, gly-ceride breakdown and glycogen breakdown in adipose tissue: Mechanism and regulation. In: Handbook of physiology. Sect. 5: Adipose tissue, A. E. RENOLDand G. F. CAHILL, JR. (eds.), p. 239. Washington, D.C.: Amer. physiol. Soc. 1965.
White, J. E, Engel, F. L.: Lipolytic action of Corticotropin on rat adipose tissue in vitro. J. clin. Invest. 37, 1556 (1958).
Effectsof ACTH and MSH on the Pigment Formation
Abe, K., Nicholson, W. E., Liddle, G.W., Orth, D.N, Island,D.P.: Normal and abnormal regulation of ß-MSn in man. J. din. Invest. 48, 1580 (1969).
Flückiger, E.: Zur Biologie der Farbwechselhormone. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basd 73, 194 (1962).
Harris, L: A melanocyte stimulating hormone from the human pituitary gland. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocr. 13, 266 (1963).
Lee,T.H., Lerner, A.B., Buettner-Janusch,V.: Adrenocorticotropic hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocr. 13, 251 (1960).
Lerner, A.B.: Hormones and skin color. Sci. Amer. 205, 199 (1961).
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Sulman, F. G., Astrair, Z., Eckstein, B., Khazan, N., Pfeiffer, Y. : Separation of ACTH and MSH fractions from pituitaries of different species. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)112, 202 (1963).
Controlof Aldosterone Secretion
Blair-WEST, J. R., Coghlan, J. P., Denton, D. A., Goding, J. R., Munro, J. A., Peterson, R. E., Wintour, M.: Humoral stimulation of adrenal cortical secretion. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1606 (1962).
Wintour, M., Wright, R.D.: The control of aldosterone secretion. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 19, 311 (1963).
Munro, J. A., Intour, M., W, Right, R. D.: The effect of bilateral nephrectomy and midcolicular decerebration with pinealectomy and hypophysectomy on the corticosteroid secretion of sodium-deficient sheep. J. din. Invest. 43, 1576 (1964).
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Laragh, J.H., Angers, M., Kelly, W.G., Lieberman, S.: Hypotensive agents and pressor substances. The effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and others on the secretory rate of aldosterone in man. J. Amer. med. Ass. 174, 234 (1960).
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MüLLER, A. F.: Regulation der Aldosteronsekretion. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. inn. Med., 68. Kongr., S. 599. München: Bergmann 1962.
— Manning, E. L., Mégevand, R., Moret, P.: Double régulation hémodynamique de I’aldosterone après hémorrhagie ou fistule artério-veineuse. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 94, 898 (1964).
— Moret, P., MéGevand, R., Pattay, J., Manning, E. L.: Régulation de l’aldostérone. Etude expérimentale. Helv. med. Acta 29, 535 (1962).
Müller, J.: Aldosterone stimulation in vitro. III. Site of action of different aldosterone-stimulating substances on steroid biosynthesis. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 52, 515 (1966).
— Alterations of aldosterone biosynthesis by rat adrenal tissue due to increased intake of sodium and potassium. Acta endocr. (Kbh.), 58, 27 (1968).
— Regulation of aldosterone biosynthesis. Monographs on endocrinology, vol.5. Berlin-Heidelberg-NewYork: Springer 1971.
— Ziegler, W. H.: Stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by serotonin. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 59, 23 (1968).
Mulrow, P. J., Ganong, W. F., Cera, G., Kuljian, A.: The nature of the aldosterone-stimulating factor in dog kidneys. J. clin. Invest. 41, 505 (1962).
Rosenkrantz, H.: A direct influence of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the adrenal cortex. Endocrinology 64, 355 (1959).
Veyrat, R., Brunner, H. R., Grandchamp, A., Muller, A. F.: Inhibition of renin by potassium in man. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) Suppl. 119, 86 (1967).
Voth, D., Kohlhardt, M., Tietze, K.W.: Zur Frage der renalen Steuerung der Z. glomerulosa der NNR (quantitative morphologische Untersuchungen). Klin. Wschr. 41, 433 (1963).
Wolf, H. P.: Aldosteron und Aldosteronismus. Khn. Wschr. 42, 711 (1964).
Control of Cortisol Secretion, CRF (Corticotropin Releasing Factor)
DE WIED, D.: The site of the blocking action of dexamethasone on stress-induced pituitary ACTH-release. J. Endocr. 29, 29 (1964).
Eik-Nes, K. B., Brown, D.M., Brizzee, K. R., Smith, E.L.: Partial purification and properties of a corticotropin influencing factor (CIF) from human spinal fluid: an assay method in the trained dog. Endocrinology 69, 411 (1961).
Estep, H. L., Island, D. P., Ney, R. L., Liddle, G. W.: Pituitary-adrenal dynamics during surgical stress. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 419 (1963).
Fekete, G., Góróg, P.: The inhibitory action of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids on adrenal steroidogenesis at the adrenal level. J. Endocr. 27, 123 (1963).
Fortier, C., Ward, D. N.: Limitations of the in vitro pituitary incubation system as an assay for ACTH-releasing activity. Canad. J. Biochem. 36, 110 (1958).
Guillemin, R.: Hypothalamic factors releasing pituitary hormones. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 20, 89 (1964).
— Hypothalamic polypeptides releasing pituitary hormones. Metabohsm 13, 1206 (1964).
Harris, G. W.: Central control of pituitary secretion. Handbook of physiology, vol. II. Neurophysiology. Washington: Amer. physiol. Soc. 1960.
Hofmann, K.: Chemistry and function of polypeptide hormones. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 31, 213 (1962).
James, v. H.T., Landon, J.: The investigation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Cambridge: University Press 1968.
Kappeler, H., Schwyzer, R.: Synthetic peptides related to the corticotropins (ACTH) and the melanophore stimulating hormones (MSH) possessing corticotropin releasing activity (CRF-activity). Experientia (Basel) 16, 415 (1960).
— — Synthese eines Heptapeptides mit starker CRF-Wirkung. Helv. chim. Acta 43, 1453 (1960).
Liddle, G. W., Island, D., Meador, C. K.: Normal and abnormal regulation of corticotropin secretion in man. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 18, 125 (1962).
Martini, L., Fraschini, F., Motta, M.: Neural control of anterior pituitary functions. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 25, 439 (1968).
Ney, R.L., Shimizu, N., Nicholson, W. E., Island, D. P., Liddle, G. W.: Correlation of plasma ACTH concentration with adrenocortical response in normal human subjects, surgical patients and patients with Cushing’s disease. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1669 (1963).
PRIVAT DE GARILHE, M., Gross, C.: On thein vitro corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) activity of the heptapeptide: Methionylglutaminyl-histidyl-phenylalanylarginyl-tryptophyl-glycine. Experientia (Basel) 18, 92 (1962).
— —Porath, J., Lindner, E. B.: Further studies on corticotropin releasing factor (CRF); corticotropin releasing activity of synthetic peptides. Experientia (Basel) 16, 414 (1960).
Renold, A. E., Jenkins, D., Forsham, P. H., Thorn, G. W.: The use of intravenous ACTH: a study in quantitative adrenocortical stimulation. J. clin. Endocr. 12, 763 (1952).
Ruf, K., Steiner, F. A.: Steroid-sensitive single neurons in rat hypothalamus and midbrain: Identification by microelectrophoresis. Science 156, 667 (1967).
Schally, A. v., Arimura, A., Bowers, C.Y., Kastin, A. J., Savano, S., Redding, T.W.: Hypothalamic neurohormones regulating anterior pituitary function. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 24, 485 (1968).
— Lipscomb, H. S., Guillemin, R.: Isolation and amino acid sequence of a2-corticotropin-releasing factor (a2-CRF) from dog pituitary glands. Endocrinology 71, 164 (1962).
Schedl, H. P., Chen, Ph. S., Jr., Greene, G., Redd, D.: The renal clearance of Cortisol. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 1223 (1959).
Smelik, P.G., Sawyer, C.H.: Effects of implantation of Cortisol into the brain stem or pituitary gland on the adrenal response to stress in the rabbit. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 41, 561 (1962).
Yates, F.E.: Physiological control of adrenal cortical hormone secretion. In: The adrenal cortex (A. B. EISEN-STEIN, ed.), p. 133. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1967.
— Urquhart,J.: Control of plasma concentrations of adrenocortical hormones. Physiol. Rev. 42, 359 (1962).
Circadian Rhythm of Adrenocortical Secretion
Cohen, M., Stiefel,M., Reddy, W.J., Laidlaw, J. C.: The secretion and disposition of Cortisol during pregnancy. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 1076 (1958).
Di Raimondo, V. C., Forsham, P. H.: Some clinical implications of the spontaneous diurnal variation in adrenal cortical activity. Amer. J. Med. 21, 321 (1956).
Doe, R.P., Flink, E.B., Goodsell, M. G.: Relationship of diurnal variation in 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in blood and urine to eosinophils and electrolyte excretion. J. clin. Endocr. 16, 196 (1956).
Eik-NES, K. B., Clark, L.D.: Diurnal variation of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in subjects suffering from severe brain damage. J. chn. Endocr. 18, 764 (1958).
Halberg, F., Peterson, R. E., Silber, R. H.: Phase relations of 24 hour-periodicities in blood corticosterone, mitoses in cortical adrenal parenchyma and total body activity. Endocrinology 6, 222 (1959).
Krieger, D. T.: Diurnal pattern of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in pretectal and temporal lobe disease. J. din. Endocr. 21, 695 (1961).
Migeon, C.J., Tyler, F.H., Mahoney, J. P., Florentin, A. A., Castle, H., Bliss, L.E., Samuels, L. T.: The diurnal variation of plasma levels and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in normal subjects, night workers and blind subjects. J. clin. Endocr. 16, 622 (1956).
Orth,D.N., Island, D. P., Liddle, G.W.: Experimental alteration of the circadian system in plasma Cortisol (17 OHCS) concentration in man. J. clin. Endocr. 27, 549 (1967).
Perkoff, G. T., Eik-NES, K., Nugent, C. A., Fred, H.L., Nimer,R.A., Rusk,L., Samuels, L.T., Tyler, F.H.: Studies of the diurnal variation of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in man. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 432 (1959).
Reviews
Nowakowski, H.: Stoffwechselwirkungen der Steroidhormone. 2. Symposion der Dtsch. Ges. Endokrinol. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1955.
Thorn, G.W., u.a.: Pharmacological aspects of adrenocortical steroids and ACTH in man. New Engl. J. Med. 248, 232 (1953).
Aldosterone and Deoxycorticosterone
August,J.T., Nelson,D.H.: Adjustment to aldosterone or DOCA induced sodium retention in patients with Addisons disease. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1964 (1959).
— — Thorn, G.W.: Aldosterone. New Engl. J. Med. 259, 917, 967 (1958).
— — — Response of normal subjects to large amounts of aldosterone. J. clin. Invest. 37, 1549 (1958).
BRICKER,N.S.: The control of sodium excretion with normal and reduced nephron populations. The preeminence of third factor. Amer. J. Med. 43, 313 (1967).
Crabbe, J.: Stimulation of active sodium transport by the isolated toad bladder with aldosterone in vitro. J. clin. Invest. 40, 2103 (1961).
DöLLE, W.: Die Regulation der renalen Natriumausscheidung durch den sog. „dritten Faktor. Internist (Berl.) 9, 323 (1968).
Edelman, I. S., Fimognari, G. M.: On the biochemical mechanism of action of aldosterone. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 24, 1 (1968).
Editorial: The fate of sodium in the renal tubules. New Engl. J. Med. 279, 381 (1968).
Fanestil, D. D., Edelman, I. D.: On the mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport: Effects of inhibitors of RNA and of protein synthesis. Fed. Proc. 25, 912 (1966).
Freazier, H. S.: Renal regulation of sodium balance. New Engl. J. Med. 279, 868 (1968).
Gaunt, R., Chart, J. J.: Mineralocorticoid action of adrenocortical hormones. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 14,1. The adrenocortical hormones. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
— Renzi,A.A., Chart, J.J.: Aldosterone — a review. J. clin. Endocr. 15, 621 (1955).
Gross, F.: Extrarenale Wirkungen von Aldosteron. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 86, 1989 (1961).
Hierholzer, K., Wiederholt, M., Stolte, H.: Hemmung der Natriumresorption im proximalen und distalen Konvolut adrenalektomierter Ratten. Pflügers Arch, ges. Physiol. 291, 43 (1966).
Horton, R., Biglieri, E. G.: Effect of aldosterone on the metabolism of magnesium. J. clin. Endocr. 22,1187 (1962).
Johnston, C. L, Davis, J. O., Howards, S. S., Wright, F. S.: Cross-circulation experiments on the mechanism of the naturiuresis during saline loading in the dog. Circulât. Res. 20, 1 (1967).
Kassirer, J. P., Appleton, F. M., Chazan, J. A., Schwartz, W. B.: Aldosterone in metabolic alkalosis. J. clin. Invest. 46,1558 (1967).
Leaf, A.: Ion transport by the isolated bladder of the toad. Résumés des communications. 3. Congr. Intern. Biochim 12–4, p. 107 (1955).
Lichardus, B., Pearce,J.W.: Evidence for a humoral natriuretic factor released by blood volume expansion. Nature (Lond.) 209, 407 (1966).
Luetscher, J. A., Curtis, R. H.: Relationship of aldosterone in urine to sodium balance and to some other endocrine functions. J. clin. Invest. 34, 951 (1955).
Mach, R.S., Fabre,J., Duckert,A., Borth, R., Ducommun, P.: Action clinique et métabolisme de l’aldostérone (Electrocortine). Schweiz. med. Wschr. 84, 407 (1954).
Müller, A.F.: Physiopathologie et clinique de l’aldostérone. Schwdz. med. Wschr. 89, 997 (1959).
Martinez-Maldonaldo, M., Kurtzman, N. A., Rector, F.C.,JR., Seldin,D.W.: Evidence for a hormonal inhibitor of proximal tubular reabsorption. J. clin. Invest. 46, 1091 (1967).
Müller, A. F., O’connor, C. M.: Aldosterone, an international symposium. London: A. Churchill 1958.
Mulrow, P.J.: Metabohc effects of adrenal mineralocorticoid hormones. In: The adrenal cortex (A.B. EISENSTEIN, ed.), p. 293. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1967.
Nayler, W. G.: The inotropic action of d-aldosterone on papillary muscles isolated from monkeys: J. Pharmacol. 148, 215 (1965).
Nowakowski, H.: Aldosteron. 9. Symposion der Dtsch. Ges. f. Endokrinologie. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1963.
Porter, G. A., Bogoroch, R., Edelman, I. S.: On the mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport: The role of RNA synthesis. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 52, 1326 (1964).
— Edelman, 1. S.: The action of aldosterone and related corticosteroids on sodium transport across the toad bladder. J. din. Invest. 43, 611 (1964).
Ross, E. J.: Aldosterone in clinical and experimental medicine. Springfield: Ch. C. Thomas 1959.
— Reddy, W. J., Rivera, A., Thorn, G. W.: Effects of intravenous infusions of dl-aldosterone acetate on sodium and potassium excretion in man. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 289 (1959).
Sharp, G. W. G., Leaf, A.: Mechanism of action of aldosterone. Physiol. Rev. 46, 593 (1966).
Simpson, S. A., Tait, J. F.: Recent progress in methods of isolation, chemistry and physiology of aldosterone. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 11, 183 (1955).
Tanz, R. D.: Studies on the inotropic action of aldosterone on isolated cardiac tissue preparations; including the effects of pH, ouabain and SC-8109. J. Pharmacol. 135, 71 (1962).
Wiederholt, M., Hierholzer, K., Brecht, J. P.: Die Wirkung von Aldosteron und Cortison auf den tubulären Na-Transport adrenalektomierter Ratten. Pflügers Arch, ges. Physiol. 283, 71 (1965).
Wilbrandt, W.: Die Bedeutung der Corticosteroide für lonentransporte. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 89, 363 (1959).
Aldosterone Antagonists
Bartter, F. C.: The clinical use of aldosterone antagonists. Springfield: Ch. C. Thomas 1960.
Bledsoe, T., Island, D. P., Riondel, A. M., Liddle, G.W.: Modification of aldosterone secretion and electrolyte excretion in man by a chemical inhibitor of 18-oxidation. J. Clin. Endocr. 24, 740 (1964).
Buchborn, E., Koczorek, K. H. R.: Aldosteronantagonisten und ihre klinische Anwendung. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. inn. Med., 68. Kongr., S. 649, 1962.
Desaulles, P. A.: Preliminary note on certain pharmacological properties of 3jS,16a-Dihydroxyallopregnan-20-on. Experentia (Basel) 15, 301 (1959).
Klein, R., Taylor, P., Papadolos, C., Laron, Z., Keele, D., Fortunato, J., Byers, C., Billings, C.: Sodium-losing material in human urine. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 98, 863 (1958).
Liddle, G.W.: Specific and non-specific inhibition of mineralocorticoid activity. Metabohsm 10, 1021 (1961).
Müller, A. F.: Die Aldosteron-Antagonisten. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 86, 951 (1961).
Neher, R., Desaulles, P., Vischer, E., Wieland, P., Wettstein, A.: Isolierung, Konstitution und Synthese eines neuen Steroides aus Nebennieren. Helv. chim. Acta 41, 1667 (1958).
— Meystre,CH., Wettstein, A.: Neue 16a-Hydroxysteroide aus menschlichem Urin und aus Schweine-Nebennieren. Isoherung, Konstitution, Synthese. Helv. chim. Acta 42, 132 (1959).
Salassa, R. M., Mattox, V. R., Power, M. H.: Effect of an aldosterone antagonist on sodium and potassium excretion in primary hyperaldosteronism. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 787 (1958).
Schlattmann, R. J. A. F. M., Jansen, A. P., Prenen, H., KORST, J. K. VAN DER, MAJOOR, C. L. H.: The natriuretic and aldosterone-suppressive action of heparin and some related polysulfated polysaccharides. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 35 (1964).
Cortisol and Cortisone
Asboe-Hansen, G.: Hormonal effects on connective tissue. Physiol. Rev. 38, 446 (1958).
Beck, LT., Fletcher, H. W., Mckenna, R. D., Griff, H.: Effect of small and massive doses of prednisone on gastric secretory activity. Gastroenterology 38, 740 (1960).
Beisel, W. R., Rapoport, M. I.: Inter-relations between adrenocortical functions and infectious illness. New Engl. J. Med. 280, 541, 596 (1969).
Bickel, G., SecretAN, PH.: Cortisone et gestations. Bufl. schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 11, 25 (1955).
Bodo, R.C. De, Steele, R., Alzszuler, N., Dunn, A., Bishop, J. S.: On the hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism; studies with C14-glucose. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 19, 445 (1963).
Davis, R. A., Brooks, F. P.: Gastric secretion, continously recorded blood sugar and plasma steroids after insulin. Amer. J. Physiol. 204, 143 (1963).
Dougherty, T. F., Berliner, D. L., Berliner, M. L.: Corticosteroid-tissue interactions. Metabolism 10, 996 (1961).
Fajans, S. S.: Some metabolic actions of corticosteroids. Metabohsm 10, 951 (1961).
Froesch, E. R., Winegrad, A. I., RENOLD, A. E., THORN, G. W.: Mechanism of the glucosuria produced by the administration of steroids with glucocorticoid activity. J. clin. Invest. 37, 524 (1958).
Gordon, A. S.: Endocrine influences upon the formed elements of blood and blood-forming organs. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 10, 339 (1954).
Gray, S.J., Ramsey, C.G.: Adrenal influences upon the stomach and the gastric responses to stress. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 13, 583 (1957).
Hastings, A. B., Renold, A. E., Teng, CH. T.: Effects of ions and hormones on carbohydrate metabolism. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 11, 381 (1955).
Jeanrenaud, B.: Fonctions et régulation hormonale du tissu adipeux. Helv. med. Acta 30, 1 (1963).
— Renold, A.E.: Studies on rat adipose tissue in vitro. J. biol. Chem. 235, 2217 (1960).
Jervell, K.F.: Early effects of glucocorticoids on ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in rat liver. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 44, Suppl. 88 (1963).
Laake, H.: The action of corticosteroids on the renal reabsorption of calcium. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 60, 34 (1960).
Levine, R., Goldstein, M. S.: Glucocorticoid action of adrenocortical hormones. In: Handbuch d. exp. Pharmakologie, Bd. XIV/2. The adrenocortical hormones, ed by H.W. DeaneU. B.I.RUBIN. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1964.
Makman, H. M., Nakagawa, S., White, A.: Studies of the mode of action of adrenal steroids on lymphocytes. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 23, 195 (1967).
Margulis, R. R., Hodgkinson, C. P., Howard, P. J., Gordon, E. I.: Effects of administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisone during pregnancy upon mothers, developing fetuses and infants. J. clin. Endocr. 14, 779 (1954).
Ray, P.D.: Adrenal glucocorticoids and gluconeogenesis. In: Functions of the adrenal cortex, vol. II, ed. by K.W. MCKERNS. Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Comp. 1968.
Reüd, N. C. R.W., Hackett, R. M., Welbourn, R. B.: The influence of cortisone on the parietal cell population of the stomach in the dog. Gut 2, 119 (1961).
Renold, A. E., Froesch, E.R., REARDEN,J.B., FINKENSTAEDT, J.T.: Effects of hydrocortisone on carbohydrate metabolism of a patient with renal glycosuria (De Toni Fanconi Syndrom). (Abstr.) J. clin. Invest. 34, 960 (1955).
Rothschild, M. A., Schreiber, S. S., Oratz, M., Mcgee, H. L.: The effects of adrenocortical hormones on albumin metabolism, studies with albumin I131. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 1229 (1958).
Sircus,W., Huston, C.J.W., Prestraw, R.M., Bassoe,H., Harkness, R. A.: Studies in dogs on the biphasic nature of the gastric secretory response to hypoglycaemia and other stimuli with special reference to the role of the adrenals. Gut 4, 42 (1963).
Spiro,H.M., Miller,S.S.: Clinical and physiologic implications of the steroid-induced peptic ulcer. New Engl. J. Med. 263, 286 (1960).
Studer, A.: Zur Frage der Angriffsorte vom Compound F (Cortison). Z. ges. exp. Med. 121, 287 (1953).
Thorn, G.W.: The effects of glucocorticoids upon growth and development. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 100,1625 (1970).
— Renold, A.E., Cahill, G. F., JR.: The adrenal and diabetes. Some interactions and interrelations. Diabetes 8, 337 (1959).
Winegrad, A. I.: Some effects of adrenal cortical hormones on intermediary metabolism. Brit. med. J. 1957 II, 1009.
Walser, M., Robinson, B.H.B., Buckett, J. W.: The hypercalcemia of adrenal insufficiency. J. clin. Invest. 42, 456 (1963).
Weber, G.: Action of glucocorticoid hormone at the molecular level. In: Functions of the adrenal cortex, ed. ByK.W.MCKERNS. Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Comp. 1968.
Weissmann, G.: The effects of corticosteroids, especially on lysosomes and biomembranes. In: W. Müller, H.G. Harwerth, K. Fehr(eds.), Rheumatoid arthritis, Colloquia Geigy, p. 577. London-New York: Academic Press 1971.
— Thomas, L.: The effects of corticosteroids upon connective tissue and lysosomes. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 20, 215 (1964).
Wilber, J.F., Utiger, R.D.: The effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin secretion. J. clin. Invest. 48, 2096 (1969).
Adrenal Androgens
Cohn,G.L., Bondy, P.K., Castiglione,C.: Studies of pyrogenic steroids. I. Separation, identification and measurement of unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone, etiocholanolone and androsterone in human plasma. J. clin. Invest. 40, 400 (1961).
— Mulrow, P. J.: Androgen release and synthesis in vitro by human adult adrenal glands. J. clin. Invest. 42, 64 (1963).
Howard, E., Migeon, C.: Sex hormone secretion by the adrenal cortex. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 14, 1, The adrenocortical hormones. Beriin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
Kappas, A.: Studies in endocrine pharmocology: Biologie actions of some natural steroids on the liver. New Engl. J. Med. 278, 378 (1968).
— Palmer, R.H., Glickmann, P. B.: Steroid fever. Amer. J. Med. 31, 167 (1961).
Migeon, C. J., Keller, A. R., Lawrence, B., Shepard, TH. H.: Dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone levels in human plasma. Effect of age and sex. Day-to-day and diurnal variations. J. clin. Endocr. 17, 1051 (1957).
Shulman, J. A., Herrmann, W. L., Petersdorf, R. G.: Experimental etiocholanolone fever. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 1136(1964).
Tamm, J.: Steroidfieber. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 88, 1794 (1963).
Wiele, R. Van De, Liebermann, S.: The metabohsm of Dehydroisoandrosterone. In: Biological activities of steroids in relation to cancer, ed. by G. Pincusand E. P. Vollmer. New York: Academic Press 1960.
Synthetic Steroids (cf. Chap. XX)
Boland, E. W.: Antirheumatic potency of chemically modified adrenocortical steroids. Amer. J. Med. 31,581 (1961).
— Clinical comparison of the newer anti-infiamatory corticosteroids. Ann. rheum. Dis. 21, 176 (1962).
Drill, V. A., Riegel, B.: Structural and hormonal activity of some new steroids. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 14, 29 (1958).
Kaiser, H.: Cortisonderivate in Klinik und Praxis, 5. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme 1968.
Kendall, J. W., Jr., Liddle, G.W., Federspiel, CH. F., Cornfield, J.: Dissociation of corticotropin-suppressing activity from the eosinopenic and hyperglycemic activities of corticosteroid analogues. J. clin. Invest. 42, 396 (1963).
Liddle, G.W., Fox, M.: Structure-function relationships of anti-inflammatory steroids. In: L.C.MILLS and J.H. MOYER, Inflammation and diseases of connective tissue. Philadelphia: Saunders 1961.
Siegenthaler, W., Siegenthaler, G., Mann, M., Boner, A., Christen, PH.: Die Corticosteroidtherapie in der inneren Medizin. Praxis 14, 490 (1964).
Thorn, G.W.: Chnical considerations in the use of corticosteroids. New Engl. J. Med. 274, 775 (1966).
The General Adaptation Syndrome
Bauer, W., Clark, W. S.: The relationship of the adaptation concept to the connective tissue disease. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 8, 217 (1953).
Diczfalusy, E., Cassmer, O., Ulmack, R.: Assessment of the functional reserve capacity of the adrenal cortex in healthy subjects following exhaustive exercise. J. clin. Endocr. 22, 78 (1962).
Hedinger, CHR.: Anpassung, Anpassungskrankheiten und Nebennieren. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1954, 465.
Hill, S. R., U. a.: Studies on adrenocortical and psychological response to stress in man. Arch, intern. Med. 97, 269 (1956).
Ingle, D.J.: Permissibility of hormone action. A review. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 17, 172 (1954).
— Baker, B.L.: A consideration of the relationships of experimentally produced and naturally occurring pathologic changes in the rat to the adaptation diseases. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 8, 143 (1953).
Labhart, A.: Die Bedeutung des Adaptationssyndroms für die Klinik. Regensburg. Jb. ärztl. Fortbild. 7 (1958/59).
Nelson, D. H.: Disorders of ACTH-secretion in man. Metabohsm 10, 894 (1961).
SCHÜPBACH, A.: Sinn und Bedeutung der Hormone. Praxis 1951,131.
Selye, H.: The general adaptation syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 6, 117 (1946).
— Stress. Montreal: Acta Inc. 1950.
— Einführung in die Lehre vom Adaptationssyndrom. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1953.
— HORAVA,A., HEUSER, G.: Annual reports on stress (1st—5th). Montreal: Acta Inc. 1951—1956.
Review
Reviews
Hofmann,E.G., Sobel, E.H.: Adrenocortical insufficiency In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. XIv/2. The adrenocortical hormones, ed. by H.W. Deaneand B.L.Rubin. Beriin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1964.
Krück,F.: Morbus Addison. Chronische Nebenniereninsuffizienz. Internist (Beri.) 5, 12 (1964).
Soffer, L.J., Dorfman, R. I., Gabrilove, J. L.: The human adrenal gland. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1961.
Thorn, G.W.: The diagnosis and treatment of adrenal insufficiency, 2nd ed. Springfield: Thomas 1951. Deutsch: Nebenniereninsuffizienz, Diagnose und Behandlung. Bern u. Stuttgart: Huber 1953.
Pathological Anatomy, Incidence, Etiology and Pathogenesis
Anderson, J. R., Buchanan, W. W., Goudie, R. B.: Autoimmunity, clinical and experimental. Springfield/III.: Thomas 1967.
Andrada, J. a., Bigazzi, P. L., Andrada, E., Milgrom, F., witebsky, E.: Serological investigations on Addison’s disease. J. Amer. med. Ass. 206, 1535 (1968).
Bachmann, R.: Die Nebenniere. In: W. v. Moellendorff u. W. Bargmann, Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie, Bd. 6, Teil 5, S.l. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1954.
Blizzard, R. M., Chee, D., Davis, W.: The incidence of adrenal and other antibodies in the sera of patients with idiopathic adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Clin. exp. Immunol. 2, 19 (1967).
— Kyle, M.: Studies of the adrenal antigens and antibodies in Addison’s disease. J. chn. Invest. 42, 1653 (1963).
Crispell, K.R., Parson, W., Hamlin, J., Hollifield, G.: Addison’s disease associated with histoplasmosis. Amer. J. Med. 20, 23 (1956).
Del Negro, G., WAjchenberg, B. L., Pereira, V. G., Schnaider, J., Ulhva Cintra, A. B. de. Marques de Assis, L., Prado Sampaio, S.A.: Addison’s disease associated with South American blastomycosis. Ann. intern. Med. 54, 189 (1961).
Fish, R. G., Takaro, T., Lovell, M.: Coexistent Addison’s disease and north American blastomycosis. Amer. J. Med. 28, 152 (1960).
Friedman, N. B.: The pathology of the adrenal gland in Addison’s disease with special reference to adrenocortical contraction. Endocrinology 42, 181 (1948).
Galloway, J. A., Perloff, W.H.: Addison’s disease secondary to adrenocortical destruction by metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Amer. J. Med. 28,156 (1960).
Gsell, O., Uehlinger, E.: Tuberkulöser Morbus Addison. Stellung der Nebennierentuberkulose im Ablauf der tuberkulösen Infektion. Beitr. Klin. Tuberk. 83, 121 (1933).
Guttman, P. H.: Addison’s disease. A statistical analysis of 566 cases and a study of the pathology. Arch. Path. 10, 742 (1930).
Irvine, W.J., Stewart, A. G., Scarth, L.: A clinical and immunological study of adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Clin. exp. Immunol. 2, 31 (1967).
Leading article: Autoimmunity in idiopathic Addison’s disease. Lancet 19671, 1040.
Liebegott, G.: Studien zur Orthologie und Pathologie der Nebennieren. Beitr. path. Anat. 109, 93 (1947).
Mason, A. S., Meade, T. W., Lee, J. A. H., Morris, J. N.: Epidemiological and clinical picture of Addison’s disease. Lancet 1968II, 744.
Mead, R. K.: Autoimmune Addison’s disease. New Engl. J. Med. 266, 583 (1962).
Paschkis,K.E., Rakoff,A.E., Cantarow,A., Rupp,J.J.: Clinical endocrinology, 3rd ed. New York-Evanston-London: Hoeber 1967.
Pousset, G., Tourniaire, J., Monier, J.C., Bonhomme, C.: Les auto-anticorps anti-surrénaliens dans I’insuffisance surrénale chronique. Rev. franç. Endocr. chn. 4, 305 (1968).
Schmidt, M. B.: Eine biglanduläre Erkrankung bei M. Addison. Verh. dtsch. path. Ges. 37, 121 (1926).
Sloper, J.T.: Pathology of adrenals, thymus and certain other endocrine glands in Addison’s disease: Analysis of 37 necropsies. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 48, 625 (1955).
Steiner, J.W., Langer, B., Schatz, D.L., Volpe, R.: Experimental immunologie adrenal injury. J. exp. Med. 112, 187 (1960).
Wuepper, K. D., Wegienka, L. c., Fudenberg, H. H.: Immunologie aspects of adrenocortical insufficiency. Amer. J. Med. 46, 206 (1969).
Clinical Picture, Symptomatology, Diagnostic Procedures
Ahmed, A. B., George, B. C., Gonzales-Auvert, C.: Increased plasma arginine vasopressin in clinical adrenocortical insufficiency and its inhibition by glucosteroids. J. clin. Invest 46, 111 (1967).
Carryer, H. M., Sherrick, D. W., Gastineau, C. F.: Occurence of allergic disease in patients with adrenal cortical hypofunction. J. Amer. med. Ass. 172, 1356 (1960).
Fellows, R. E., Buchanan, J. R., Peterson, R. E., Stokes, P.E.: Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency without hyperpigmentation. New Engl. J. Med. 267, 215 (1962).
Gill, J.R.,Jr., Gann,D.S., Bartter, F. C.: Restoration of diuresis in Addisonian patients by expansion of volume of extracellular fluid. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1078 (1962).
Hall,T.C., McCracken,B.H., Thorn, G.W.: Skin pigmentation in relation to adrenal cortical function. J. clin. Endocr. 13, 243 (1953).
Harris-Jones, J. N., Nixon, P. G. F.: Famihal Addison’s disease with spastic paraplegia. J. clin. Endocr. 15, 739,1955.
Hedinger, Chr.: Zur Frage des Morbus Addison ohne Pigmentvermehrung (sog. weißer Morbus Addison). Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1950, 489.
— Zur Pathologie der Skeletmuskulatur. 2. Mitteilung. Myalgien als führendes Symptom gewisser Fälle von Addisonscher Krankheit. Schweiz, med. Wschr.1952,869.
Henkin, R. L, Bartter, F. C.: Studies on olfactory thresholds in normal man and in patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency: the role of adrenal cortical steroids and of serum sodium concentration. J. clin. Invest. 45, 1631 (1966).
Henkin, R. L, Bartter, F. C, Gill, J. R., Jr., Bartter, F. C.: Studies on taste thresholds in normal man and in patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency: the role of adrenal cortical steroids and of serum sodium concentration. J. clin. Invest. 42,727 (1963).
Henkin, R. L, Bartter, F. C, Mcglone, R.E., Daly, R., Bartter, F. C.: Studies of auditory thresholds in normal man and in patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency: the role of adrenal cortical steroids. J. clin. Invest. 46, 429 (1967).
Henkin, R. L, Bartter, F. C, Solomon, D. H.: Salt taste threshold in adrenal insufficiency in man. J. clin. Endocr. 22, 856 (1962).
Jarris, J. L., Jenkins, D., Sosman, M. C., Thorn, G. W.: Roentgenologic observations in Addison’s disease. Radiology 62, 16 (1954).
Kleeman, C. R., Czaczkes, J. W., Cutler, R.: Mechanisms of impaired water excretion in adrenal and pituitary insufficiency. IV. Antidiuretic hormone in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. J. clin. Invest. 43, 1641 (1964).
Laidlaw, J. C., Reddy, W.J., Jenkins, D., Haydar, N. A., Renold, A. E., Thorn, G. W.: Advances in the diagnosis of altered states of adrenocortical function. New Engl. J. Med. 253, 747 (1955).
Leeksma, C.H.W., Graeff, J. de. Cock, J. de: Hypercalcemia in adrenal insufficiency. Acta med. Scand. 156, 455 (1957).
Lorme, a. de: Hypercalcämie bei M. Addison. Dissertation, Zürich 1964.
McBrien, D.J., Vaughan Jones, R., Creamer, B.: Steatorrhoea in Addison’s disease. Lancet 1963I, 25.
Morse, W.L, Criscitiello, M.G., Amador, E., Renold, A.E., Harrison, J.H., Dammin, G.J., Thorn, G.W.: Bilateral adrenalectomy for hypertensive vascular disease. Amer. J. Med. 26, 315 (1959).
Peart, W. S.: The function of renin and angiotensin. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 21, 73 (1965).
Penman, R.W.: Addison’s disease in association with spastic paraplegia. Brit. med. J. 402,1960
Pollen, R.H., Williams, R. H.: Hyperkalemic neuromyopathy in Addison’s disease. New Engl. J. Med. 263, 273 (1960).
Prader, A., Uehlinger, E., Illig, R.: Hypercalcämie bei M. Addison im Kindesalter. Helv. paediat. Acta 14, 607 (1959).
Renold, A. E., Jenkins, D., Forsham, P. H., Thorn, G.W.: The intravenous use of ACTH. A study in quantitativ adrenocortical stimulation. J. clin. Endocr. 12, 763 (1952).
Somerville, W., Levine, H.D., Thorn, G.W.: The electrocardiogram in Addison’s disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 30, 43 (1951).
Stoll, W.A.: Die Psychiatrie des M.Addison. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1953.
Stoll, W.A.: Psychopathology of hypoadrenocorticism. In: Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Bd. 14, Teil 1 ed. by H.W. Deane. Beriin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
Symington, Th.: Functional pathology of the human adrenal gland. Edinburgh-London: Livingstone 1969.
Walser, M., Robinson, B. H., Duckett, J.W.: The hypercalcaemia of adrenal insufficiency. J. clin. Invest. 42, 456 (1963).
Pregnancy in Addison’s Disease
Cope, C.L., Black, E.: Hydrocortisone production in late pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 66, 404 (1959).
Decourt, J., Röbel, P., Michard, J. P.: Evolution d’une grossesse chez une femme ayant subi une surrenalectomie bilaterale totale pour maladie de Cushing. Ann. Endocr. (Paris) 22, 217 (1961).
Hills, A. G., Venning, E. H., Dohan, F. C., Webster, G. D., Richardson, E. M.: Pregnancy and adrenocortical function: endocrine studies of pregnancy occurring in two adrenal-deficient women. J. clin. Invest. 33, 1466 (1954).
Migeon, C.J., Bertrand, J., Wall, P.E.: Physiological disposition of 4-C14-Cortisol during late pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest. 36, 1350 (1957).
Migeon, C.J., Bertrand, J., Wall, P.E.: Stempfel, R.S.,Prystowsky, H.: Metabolism and placental transmission of Cortisol during pregnancy, near term. Ciba Coll. 11, 338 (1957).
Neher, R., Stark, G.: Nachweis von Corticosteroiden in menschlicher Placenta und Isolierung von 16a-Hydroxytestosteron. Experientia (Basel) 17, 510 (1961).
Osler, M.: Addison’s disease and pregnancy. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 41, 67 (1962).
Sims, E.A.H., Meeker, C.I., Gray, M.J., Watanabe, M., Solomon, S.: The secretion of aldosterone in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia. In: Aldosterone, ed. by E.E. Baulieuand P. Röbel, p. 499. Oxford 1964.
Acute Insufficiency due to Hemorrhagic lnfarction
Bamatter, F.: Fulminante Meningokokkensepsis. Zur Ätiologie des Syndroms von Waterhouse-Friderichsen. Jb. Kinderhdlk. 142,127 (1934).
Berte, S.J.: Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage in the adult. Review and report of 2 cases. Ann. intern. Med. 38, 28 (1953).
Clavadetscher, P., Zellweger, J. P., Hedinger, Chr.: “Idiopathische” Nebennierenblutungen. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 100, 576 (1970).
Ferguson, J. H., Chapman, O. D.: Fulminating meningococcus infections and the so called Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndrome. Amer. J. Path. 24, 763 (1948).
Fox, B.: Adrenal haemorrhage and necrosis resulting from abdominal operations. Lancet 1969I, 600.
Friderichsen, C.: Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndrome. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 18, 482 (1955).
Harper, J.R., Ginn, W. M., Jr., Taylor, W.J.: Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage — A complication of anticoagulant therapy. Amer. J. Med. 32, 984 (1962).
Klingenberg, A.: Zur massiven Nebennierenblutung des Neugeborenen. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 100, 417 (1970).
Merz, W., Auf der Maur, A.: Nebennierenapoplexie bei Heparinverabreichung. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 82, 590 (1952).
Stuber, H. W., Hitzig, W. H.: Zur Pathogenese und Therapie des Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndroms. Beziehungen zum Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 91, 1612 (1961).
Tönz, O., Aufdermauer, F.: Erfolgreiche Behandlung eines Waterhouse-Friderichsen-Syndroms mit Heparin. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 97, 1611 (1967).
Congenital Adrenocortical I nsufficiency due to Lipoidhyperplasia of the Adrenals
Camacho, A.M., Kowarski, A., Migeon, C.J., Brough, A.J.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a deficiency of one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pregnenolone. J. din. Endocr. 28, 153 (1968).
Gurtner, H. P.: Pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus und kongenitale Nebennierenrindenhyperplasie. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 326, 409 (1955).
O’Doherty, N.J.: Lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. Guy’s Hosp. Rep. 113, 368 (1964).
Prader, A., Anders, G. J. P. A.: Zur Genetik der kongenitalen Lipoidhyperplasie der Nebennieren. Helv. paediat. Acta 17, 285 (1962).
Prader, A., Anders, G. J. P. A., Gurtner, H. P.: Das Syndrom des Pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus bei kongenitaler Nebennierenrinden-Hyperplasie ohne Androgenüberproduktion (adrenaler Pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus). Helv. paediat. Acta 10, 397 (1955).
Prader, A., Anders, G. J. P. A, Siebenmann, R. E.: Kongenitale Lipoidhyperplasie der Nebennierenrinde. Helv. paediat. Acta 12, 569 (1957).
Siebenmann, R. E.: Die kongenitale Lipoidhyperplasie der Nebennierenrinde bei Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz. Schweiz. Z. Path. 20, 77 (1957).
Latent Addison’s Disease
Abu Haydar, N., Marc, J. R. St., Reddy, W.J., Laidlaw, J.C., Thorn, G.W.: Adrenocortical insufficiency with normal basal levels of urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids: Diagnostic imphcations. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 121 (1958).
Nordin, B. E. C.: Addison’s disease with partial recovery. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 48, 1024 (1955).
Smith, H.: Compensated adrenocortical failure. Lancet 1963I, 1077.
Addison’s Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
Fanconi, A., Prader, A., Isler, W., Luethy, F., Siebenmann, R.: Morbus Addison mit Hirnsklerose im Kindesalter. Helv. paed. Acta 18, 480 (1963).
Hoefnagel, D., Noort, S. van den, Ingbar, S.H.: Diffuse cerebral sclerosis with endocrine abnormalities in young males. Brain 85, 553 (1962).
Selective Failure of Single Groups of Hormones
Botticelli, J. T., Lange, R. L., Kelly, O. A.: Postural hypotension with decreased blood volume and impaired aldosterone response. Amer. J. Med. 37, 147 (1964).
Hills, A.G.: Selective hypoaldosteronism. Amer. J. Med. 26, 502 (1959).
Hudson, J. B., Chobanian, A. V., Relman, A. S.: Hypoaldosteronism. New Engl. J. Med. 257, 529 (1957).
Krieger, D. T., Krieger, H. P.: Aldosterone excretion in pretectal disease. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 1055 (1964).
Lambrew, C. T.. Carver, S. T., Peterson, R. E., Horwith, M.: Hypoaldosteronism as a cause of hyperkalemia and syncopal attacks in a patient with complete heart block. Amer. J. Med. 31, 81 (1961).
Royer, P.: L’hypoaldostéronisme congénital. Rev. franç. Étud. clin. biol. 12, 111 (1967).
Skanse, B., Hökfelt, B.: Hypoaldosteronism with otherwise intact adrenocortical function, resulting in a characteristic clinical entity. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 28, 29 (1958).
Slaton, P. E., Biglieri, E. G.: Reduced aldosterone excretion in patients with autonomic insufficiency. J. chn. Endocr. 27, 37 (1967).
Stempfel, R. S., Jr., Engel, F. L.: A congenital familial syndrome of adrenocortical insufficiency without hypoaldosteronism. J. Pediat. 57, 443 (1960).
Ulick, S., Gautier, E., Vetter, K. K., Markello, J. R., Yaffe, S., Lose, C. U.: An aldosterone biosynthetic defect in a sah-losing disorder. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 669 (1964).
Visser, H. K. A., Cost, W. S.: A new hereditary defect in the biosynthesis of aldosterone. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 47, 589 (1964).
Wilson, I.D., Goetz, F.C.: Selective hypoaldosteronism as after prolonged heparin administration. Amer. J. med. 36, 635 (1964).
Secondary Insufficiency
Bayliss, R. I. S.: Surgical collapse during and after corticosteroid therapy. Brit. med. J. 1958II, 935.
Bethge, H.: Die steroidinduzierte Nebennierenrindenunterfunktion. Pathogenese, Klinik, Diagnostik, Prophylaxe und Therapie. Klin. Wschr. 48, 317 (1970).
Carreon, G. G., Canary, J. J., Meyer, R. J., Kyle, L. H.: Adrenocortical function after long term corticoid therapy. J. Lab. clin. Med. 56, 235 (1960).
Chakmakjian, Z. H., Nelson, D. H., Bethune, J. E.: Adrenocortical failor in hypopituitarism. J. clin. Endocr. 28, 259 (1968).
Frazer, Ch. G., Preuss, F. S., Bigford, W. D.: Adrenal atrophy and irreversible shock, associated with cortisone therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 149, 1542 (1952).
Graber, A. L., Ney, R. L., Nicholson, W. E., Island, D. P., Liddle, G.W.: Natural history of pituitary-adrenal recovery following long-term suppression with corticosteroids. J. clin. Endocr. 25, 11 (1965).
Henneman, Ph. H., Wang, D. M. K., Irwin, J. W., Burrage, W. S.: Syndrome following abrupt cessation of prolonged cortisone therapy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 158, 384 (1955).
Holub, D. A., Jailer, J.W., Kitay, J.I., Frantz, A. G.: Direct and indirect estimations of pituitary adrenocorticotropin reserves in man following adrenal steroid therapy. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 1540 (1959).
Holub, D. A., Jailer, J.W., Kitay, J.I., Kitay, J. I., Jailer, J. W.: Effects of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) upon pituitary ACTH-concentration after prolonged cortisone treatment and stress. J. clin. Invest. 38, 291 (1959).
Holub, D. A., Jailer, J.W., Kitay, J.I., Wallace, E. Z., Jailer, J.W.: Pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) reserve in man following prolonged ACTH therapy. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 1294 (1960).
Jasani, M.K., Boyle, J. A., Greig, W.R., Dalakos, T. G., Browning, M. C. K., Thompson, A., Buchanan, W. W.: Corticosteroid-induced suppression of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis: Observations on patients given oral corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Quart. J. Med. 36, 261 (1967).
Lewis, L., Robinson, R. F., Yee, J., Hacker, L. A., Eisen, G.: Fatal adrenal cortical insufficiency precipitated by surgery during continuous cortisone treatment. Ann. intern. Med. 39, 116 (1953).
Labhart, A., Müller, J., Mayor, G.: Der chirurgische Eingriff unter hochdosierter Cortison-Therapie, bei Cushing-Syndrom und bei primärer oder sekundärer Nebennierenrinden-Insuffizienz. In: Chirurgische Operationslehre. Bd. I, 9. Founded Breitner, ed. by Zukschwerdt und Kraus. München-Berlin-Wien: Urban u. Schwarzenberg 1969.
Odell, W. D., Green, G. M., Williams, R. H.: Hypoadrenotropism: The isolated deficiency of adrenotropic hormone. J. chn. Endocr. 20, 1017 (1960).
Sampson, Ph. A., Winstone, N.E., Brooke, B.N.: Adrenal function in surgical patients after steroid therapy. Lancet 1962 II, 321.
Savage, O., Copeman, W. S. C., Chapman, L., Wells, M. V., Treadwell, B. L. S.: Pituitary and adrenal hormones in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1962I, 232.
Salassa, R. M., Bennett, W. A., Keating, F. R., Jr., Sprague, R. G.: Postoperative adrenal cortical insufficiency: occurence in patients previously treated with cortisone. J. Amer. med. Ass. 152, 1509 (1953).
Winstonf, N. E., Brooke, B. N.: Effects of steroid treatment on patients undergoing operation. Lancet 1961 I, 973.
Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia
Angevine, D. M.: Pathologic anatomy of hypophysis and adrenals in anencephaly. Arch. Path. 26, 507 (1938).
Blizzard, R. M., Alberts, M.: Hypopituitarism, hypoadrenalism and hypogonadism in the newborn infant. J. Pediat. 48, 782 (1956).
Geppert, L. J., Spencer, W. A., Richmond, A. M.: Adrenal insufficiency in infancy. J. Pediat. 37, 1 (1950).
Koettgen, U.: Pylorusstenose und Nebenniereninsuffizienz. Mschr. Kinderheilk. 10, 24 (1953).
Therapy of Adrenocortical Failure
Hills, A. G., Zintel, H.A., Parsons, D. W.: Observations of human adrenal cortical deficiency. With special reference to replacement therapy with cortisone. Amer. J. Med. 21, 358 (1956).
Kupperman, H. S., Epstein, J. A.: Oral therapy of adrenal cortical hypofunction. Use of combined fludrocortisone acetate and hydrocortisone. J. Amer. med. Ass. 159, 1447 (1955).
Ledingham, J. G. G., Martin, F. I. R., Moxham, A., Hurter, R., Nabarro, J. D. N.: The metabohc eff”ects of aldosterone given by mouth. Lancet 1961 I, 630.
Lipsett, M. B., Pearson, O. H.: Pathophysiology and treatment of adrenal crisis. New Engl. J. Med. 254, 511 (1956).
Melby, J. C., Cyr, M. St.: Comparative studies on absorption and metabolic disposal of water-soluble corticosteroid-esters. Metabolism 10, 75 (1961).
Nelson, D. H., Cooper, C. E.: Relative effectiveness of daldosterone given by oral and buccal routes. J. clin. Endocr. 22, 547 (1962).
Ross, E. J.: Human assay of electrolyte active steroids and their antagonists. Chn. Sci. 23, 197 (1962).
Sanford, J. P., Favour, C.B.: The interrelationship between Addison’s disease and active tuberculosis: A review of 125 cases of Addison’s disease. Ann. intern. Med. 45, 56 (1956).
Reviews
Aldosteron. 6. Symposion der Dtsch. Ges. f. Endokrinologie, ed. by H. Nowakowski. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1963.
Biglieri, E. G., Slaton, P. E., Schambelan, M., Kronheld, S. J.: Hypermineralocorticoidism. Amer. J. Med. 45, 170 (1968).
Conn, J. W., Aldosteronism in man. J. Amer. med. Ass. 183, 775 (1963).
Conn, J. W., Plasma renin activity in primary aldosteronism. Importance of differential diagnosis and in research of essential hypertension. J. Amer. med. Ass. 190, 222 (1964).
Conn, J. W, Cohen, E.L., Rooner, D. R.: Suppression of plasma renin activity in primary aldosteronism. Distinguishing primary from secondary aldosteronism in hypertensive disease. J. Amer. med. Ass. 190, 213 (1964).
Conn, J. W, Conn, E. S.: Primary aldosteronism versus hypertensive disease with secondary aldosteronism. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 17, 389 (1961).
Conn, J. W, Conn, E. S, Knopf, R. F., Nesbit, R.M.: Clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism from an analysis of 145 cases. Amer. J. Surg. 107, 159 (1964).
Kaplan, N.M.: Primary aldosteronism with mahgnant hypertension. New Engl. J. Med. 269, 1282 (1963).
Milne, M.D., Muehrcke, R.C., Aird, J.: Primary aldosteronism. Quart. J. Med. 26, 317 (1957).
Prunty, F. T. G.: Aldosteronism — primary and secondary. In: Modem trends in endocrinology. Second Series, ed. Gardiner-Hill, H. London: Butterworth 1961.
Relman, A. S.: Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Amer. J. Surg. 107, 159 (1964).
Siegenthaler, W.: Klinische Syndrome mit Hyperaldosteronismus unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung pathogenetischer Gesichtspunkte. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 93, 1803 (1963).
Siegenthaler, W, Mann, M., Gfeller, J., Ganzoni, A.: Aldosteronforschung und klinische Medizin. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 94, 685 (1964).
Symington, Th.: Functional pathology of the human adrenal gland. Edinburgh-London: Livingstone 1969.
Wolff, H. P.: Aldosteron und Aldosteronismus. Klin. Wschr. 42, 711 (1964).
Primary Aldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome and Differential Diagnosis)
Biglieri, E. G., Forsham, P. H.: Studies on the expanded extracellular fluid and the responses to various stimuli in primary aldosteronism. Amer. J. Med. 30, 564 (1961).
Biglieri, E. G., Hane, S., Staton, P. E., Jr., Forsham, P. H.: In vivo and in vitro studies of adrenal secretions in Cushing’ syndrome and primary aldosteronism. J. clin. Invest. 42, 516 (1963).
Biglieri, E. G, Slaton, P. E., Jr., Forsham, P. H.: Useful parameters in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. J. Amer. med. Ass. 178, 19 (1961).
Brown, J. J., Davies, D. L., Lever, A. F., Robertson, J. I. S.: Renin and angiotensin. A survey of some aspects. Postgrad, med. J. 42, 153 (1966).
Conn, J.W.: Primary aldosteronism. II. A new chnical syndrome. J. Lab. clin. Med. 45, 6 (1955).
Conn, J.W., Cohen, E. L., Rovner, D. R., Nesbit, R. M.: Normokalaemic primary aldosteronism. A detectable cause of curable “essential” hypertension. J. Amer. med. Ass. 193, 200 (1965).
Conn, J.W, Louis, L.H.: Primary aldosteronism, a new chnical entity. Ann. intern. Med. 44, 1 (1956).
Conn, J.W, Morita, R., Cohen, E.L., Beierwaltes, W. H., Mcdonald, J., Herwig, K.R.: Primary aldosteronism. Photoscanning of tumors after administration of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. Arch. int. Med. 129, 417 (1972).
Conn, J.W, Rovner, D.R., Cohen, E.L.: Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. J. Amer. med. Ass. 205, 492 (1968).
Conn, J.W, Bookstein, J.J., Cerny, J.C., Lucas, CP.: Preoperative diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Arch, intern. Med. 123, 113 (1969).
Nesbit, R. M.: Normokalaemic primary aldosteronism; its masquerade as “essential” hypertension. J. Amer. med. Ass. 195, 21 (1966).
Espiner, E.A., Tucci, J.R., Jagger, P.J., Lauler, D.P.: Effect of saline infusions on aldosterone and electrolyte excretion in normal subjects and patients with primary aldosteronism. New Engl. J. Med. 277, 1 (1967).
Fishman, L. M., Küchel, O., Liddle, G. W., Michelakis, A. M., Gordon, R. D., Chick, W. T.: Incidence of primary aldosteronism in uncomphcated “essential” hypertension. J. Amer. med. Ass. 205, 497 (1968).
Foye, L. v., Jr., Feichtmeir, Th. v.: Adrenal cortical carcinoma producing solely mineralocorticoid effect. Amer. J. Med. 19, 966 (1955).
Fritz, K.W., Böhm, P.: Primärer Aldosteronismus. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 31, 1505 (1963).
Gardner, J. D., Lapey, A., Simopoulos, A. P., Bravo, E. L.: Abnormal membrane sodium transport in Liddle’s syndrome. J. clin. Invest. 50, 2253 (1971).
Garst, J. B., Shumway, N. P., Schwartz, H., Farrell, G. L.: Aldosterone excretion in essential hypertension. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 1351 (1960).
George, J. M., Wright, L., Bell, N. H., Bartter, F. C.: The syndrome of primary aldosteronism. Amer. J. Med. 48, 343 (1970).
Grandchamp, A., Scherrer, J. R., Veyrat, R., Müller, A.F.: I. Measurement of sweat sodium and potassium excretion for evaluation of mineralocorticoid activity in normal subjects. Helv. med. Acta 34, 367 (1969).
Hökfelt, B.: Der primäre Aldosteronismus. Verh. dtsch. Ges. inn. Med. 68. Kongr., s. 616, 1962.
Jenny, M., Müller, A. F., Fabre, J., Mach, R. S.: Hypokaliémie et alcalose par ingestion abusive d’extrait de réglisse (Liquorice) et d’eau bicarbonatée. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 91, 869 (1961).
Kaplan, N.M.: The steroid content of adrenal adenomas and measurements of aldosterone production in patients with essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism. J. clin. Invest. 46, 728 (1967).
Silak, J.G.: Angiotensin-infusion test: New approach to differential diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. New Engl. J. Med. 271, 536 (1964).
Koczorek, K.R.: Primärer Aldosteronismus (Conn-Syndrom). Internist (Berl.) 5, 32 (1964).
Laragh, J. H., Kelly, W.G.: Abnormal aldosterone secretion in disease and its implications. In: Adv. Met. disorders, ed. by R. Levineand R. Luft, vol. I, p. 236. New York: Academic Press 1964.
Sealey, J.E., Sommers, S.C: Patterns of adrenal secretion and urinary excretion of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in normal and hypertensive subjects. Circulat. Res., Suppl. I, 18/19, 158 (1966).
Lauler, D.P.: Preoperative diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Amer. J. Med. 41, 855 (1966).
Lennon, E.J., Ruetz, Ph.P., Engstrom, W. W.: Reversal of diurnal rhythm in excretion of water and salt in primary hyperaldosteronism. Amer. J. med. 30, 475 (1961).
Liddle, G. W., Bledsoe, T., Coppage, W.: A familial renal disorder simulating primary aldosteronism but with negligible Aldosterone secretion. Symposium on Aldosterone. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ. Ltd. 1964.
Luetscher, J.A.: Primary aldosteronism: observations in six cases and review of diagnostic procedures. Medicine (Baltimore) 43, 437 (1964).
Mach, R. S.: Le rôle des surrénales dans l’hypertension artérielle. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 92, 1027 (1962).
Mader, I. W., Iseri, L. T.: Spontaneous hypopotassemia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis and tetania due to hypersecretion of corticosterone-like mineralocorticoid. Amer. J. Med. 19, 976 (1955).
Melby, J. C., Spark, R. F., Dale, S. L., Egdahl, R. H., Kahn, P. C.: Diagnosis and localization of aldosterone-producing adenomas by adrenal vein catheterization. New Engl. J. Med. 277, 1050 (1967).
Müller, A. F., Manning, E. L., Hodler, J.: Hypokaliämie, Aldosteron-Ausscheidung und primärer Hyperaldosteronismus. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 93, 1265 (1963).
New, M. I., Peterson, R. E.: Disorders of aldosterone secretion in childhood. Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 13, 43 (1966).
Ross, E.J., Crabbé, J., Renold, A. E., Emerson, K., Jr., Thorn, G. W.: A case of massive edema in association with an aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical adenoma. Amer. J. Med. 25, 278 (1958).
Rossier, P. H., Staehelin, D., Bühlmann, A., Labhart, A.: Alkalose und Hypokaliämie bei Anorexia mentalis (Hungeralkalose). Schweiz, med. Wschr. 85, 465 (1955).
Scheitlin, W.: Die renal-vaskuläre Hypertonie. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 26, 45 (1967).
Shields, R., Miles, J.B., Gilbertson, C.: Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes by the intact colon in a patient with primary aldosteronism. Brit. med. J. 1968I, 93.
Siegenthaler, W., Baumann, K., Kiepenheuer, K., Schönbeck, M., Rhomberg, F., Gysling, E., Weidmann, P., Werning, C.: Die Bedeutung des primären Aldosteronismus als Ursache der „essentiellen” Hypertonie. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 99, 825 (1969).
Möhring, J., Weidmann, P.: Zur Diagnostik des ConnSyndroms. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 92, 1569 (1967).
Smithwick, R. H., Harrison, J. H., Unger, L., Whitelaw, G.P.: Surgical treatment of aldosteronism. Amer. J. Surg. 167, 178 (1964).
Tonutti, E., Bayer, J. M.: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Struktur der NNR-Adenome und der NNR beim primären Aldosteronismus. Endokrinologie 45, 276 (1963).
Veyrat, R., Fabre, J., Müller, A. F.: Inhibition sélective de la sécrétion de l’aldostérone par un héparinoïde semisynthétique (Roi8307). Helv. med. Acta 29, 543 (1962).
Secondary Aldosteronism with Edema
Böhm, P., Franken, F. H., Irmscher, K.: Beitrag zum Problem des idiopathischen Ödems. Klin. Wschr. 41, 1155 (1963).
Hickie, J. B., Lazarus, L.: Aldosterone metabohsm in cardiac failure. Aust. Ann. Med. 15, 289 (1966).
Mach, R. S., Fanconi, A., Müller, A. F., Bernheim, Ph., Neher, R.: Hyperaldosteronisme avec hyperplasie adénomateuse des surrénales chez un hypertendu avec oedèmes réfractaires. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 89, 98 (1959).
Müller, A.F.: Aldostérone et oedème. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 89, 1093 (1959).
Streeten, D. H. P., Louis, L. H., Conn,J.W.: Secondary aldosteronism in “idiopathic edema”. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns. 23, 227 (1960).
Thorn, G.W.: Cyclic edema. Amer. J. Med. 23, 507 (1957).
Aproach to the patient with “idiopathic edema” or “periodic swelling”. J. Amer. med. Ass. 206, 333 (1968).
Veyrat, R., Müller, A. F., Mach, R. S.: Les hyperaldostéronismes secondaires. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 98, 65 (1968).
Robert, M., Mach, R. S.: Étude de la rénine dans les oedèmes idiopathiques avec hyperaldostéronique secondaire. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 98, 1499 (1968).
Secondary Aldosteronism due to Angiotensin
Alexander, M., Praetorius, F.: Zur Abgrenzung des „Bartter-Syndroms”. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 92, 1022 (1967).
Bartter, F. C, Pronove, P., Gill, J.R., Jr., Maccardle, R. C.: Hyperplasia of the iuxtaglomerular complex with hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemic alkalosis. Amer. J. Med. 33, 811 (1962).
Beilin, L.J., Schiffmann, N., Crane, M., Nelson, D.H.: Hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus without hypertension or oedema. Brit. med. J. 1967 II, 327.
Goodman, A. D., Vagnucci, A. H., Hartroft, P. M.: Pathogenesis of Bartter’s syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 281, 1435 (1969).
Laidlaw, J. C., Yendt, E. R., Gornall, A. G.: Hypertension caused by renal artery occlusion simulating primary aldosteronism. Metabolism 9, 612 (1960).
Laragh, J.H., Sealey, J.E., Sommers, S. C.: Patterns of adrenal secretion and urinary excretion of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in normal and hypertensive subjects. Circulat. Res., Suppl. 1, vols. 18,19, p. 158 (1966).
Royer, P., Habib, R., Mathieu, H.: Nephrologie im Kindesalter. Stuttgart: Thieme 1967.
Schwab, M. R., Schröder, C., Schattenfroh, C., Schütz, R.M.: Sekundärer Aldosteronismus unter dem Bild des Conn-Syndroms bei einseitiger Nierenarterienstenose. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 88, 814 (1963).
ACTH-Dependent Secondary Aldosteronism
New, M.I, Peterson, R. E.: A new form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Endocr. 27, 300 (1967).
Sutherland, D. J. A., Ruse, J. L., Laidlaw, J. C.: Hypertension, increased aldosterone secretion and low plasma renin activity relieved by dexamethasone. Canad. med. Ass. J. 95, 1109 (1966).
Secondary Aldosteronism 0/ Unknown Etiology
Baer, L., Sommers, S. C., Krakoff, L. R., Newton, M. A., Laragh, J.H.: Pseudo-primary aldosteronism; an entity distinct from true primary aldosteronism. Circulât. Res., Suppl. 1, 27, 1–203 (1970).
Davis, W. W., Newsome, H. H., Jr., Wright, L. D., Jr., Hammond, W. G., Easton, J., Bartter, F. C.: Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of primary aldosteronism with hypertension, hypokalemia and suppressed renin activity. Amer. J. Med. 42, 642 (1967).
Salti, I. S., Ruse, J. L., Stiefel, M., Delarue, N. C., Laidlaw, J. C.: Non-tumorous “primary” aldosteronism: IL Type not relieved by glucocorticoid. Canad. med. Ass. J. 101, 11 (1969).
17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Biglieri, E. G., Herron, M. A., Brust, N.: 17-Hydroxylation deficiency in man. J. clin. Invest. 45, 1946 (1966).
Goldsmith, O., Solomon, D.H., Horton, R.: Hypogonadism and mineralocorticoid excess. The 17-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 277, 673 (1967).
New, M.I: Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17ahydroxylase deficiency. J. clin. Invest. 49, 1930 (1970).
Hyperdeoxyeortieosteronism
Biglieri, E. G.: Hypokalemic alkalosis and edema with increased desoxycorticosterone excretion. J. clin. Endocr. 25, 884 (1965).
18-0H-DOC Excess
Melby, J.C., Dale, S.L., Grekin, R.L., Gaunt, R., Wilson, T. E.: 18-Hydroxy-l 1-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOQ secretion in experimental and human hypertension. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 28, 287 (1972).
Reviews
Binder, E., Hall, P. (eds.): Cushing’s syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. London: Heinemann 1972.
Cushing, H.: The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their chnical manifestations (pituitary basophilism). Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 50, 137 (1932).
Herrera, M. G., Cahill, G. F., Jr., Thorn, G. W.: Cushing’s syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. Amer. J. Surg. 107, 144 (1964).
Karl, H.J.: Das Cushing-Syndrom. Internist (Berl.) 5, 1 (1964).
Labhart, A.: Die Nebennierenrinden-Uberfunktionssyndrome. Ärztl. Fortbild. 11, 590 (1961).
Labhart, A.: Das Cushing-Syndrom. Öst. Ärztezg. 2, 125 (1966).
Peterson, R.E.: Das Cushingsche Syndrom. Praxis 52, 134 (1963).
Plötz, Ch. M., Knowlton, A. I., Ragan, Ch.: The natural history of Cushing’s syndrome. Amer. J. Med. 13, 597 (1952).
Soulairac, A.: Le syndrome de Cushing. Rapports de la IX®réunion des endocrinologistes de langue française. Paris: Doin 1967.
Etiology, Pathogenesis and Pathologie Anatomy
Albright, F.: Cushing’s syndrome. Harvey Lect., Ser. 38, 123 (1942/43).
Biglieri, E. G., Hane, S., Slaton, P. E., Jr., Forsham, P. H.: In vivo and in vitro studies of adrenal secretions in Cushing’s syndrome and primary aldosteronism. J. clin. Invest. 42, 516 (1963).
Fabrykant, M., Jackson, R. S., Aske, B. I.: Cushing’s syndrome: failure to demonstrate diminished peripheral glucose uptake and insuhn resistance. Metabolism 6, 116 (1957).
Frost, H.M.: Bone remodelling dynamics. Springfield: Ch. C.Thomas 1963.
Guinet, P., Mornex, R., Revol, A., Bertrand, J., Veyrat, A., Dorsit, G.: Considérations sur deux observations de maladie de Cushing avec syndrome d’alcalose hypokaliémique. Rev. lyon. Méd. 16, 5 (1967).
Hennemann, D.H., Bunker, J.P.: The pattern of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in Cushing’s syndrome. Amer. J. Med. 23, 34 (1957).
Howard, J. E., Migeon, C. J.: Cushing’s syndrome produced by normal replacement doses of cortisone in patient with defective mechanism for steroid degradation. Amer. J. med. Sci. 235, 387 (1958).
Kracht, J., Tamm, J.: Invasiv gewachsenes basophiles Adenom des Hypophysenvorderlappens bei Cushing-Syndrom. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 32, 330 (1963).
Liddle, G.W., Island, D., Meador, C.K.: Normal and abnormal regulation of corticotropin secretion in man. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 18, 125 (1962).
Williams, W.C., Jr., Walser, A.: Die Bedeutung von ACTH fiir die Pathogenese der Cushingschen Erkrankung. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 90, 1325 (1960).
Marks, V.: Cushing’s syndrome occuring with pituitary chromophobe tumors. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 32, 527 (1959).
Nelson, D.H., Sprunt, J.G., Mims, R.B.: Plasma ACTH determinations in 58 patients before or after adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 722 (1966).
Ney, R.L., Shimizu, N., Nicholson, W. E., Island, D. P., Liddle, G. W.: Correlation of plasma ACTH concentration with adrenocortical response in normal human subjects, surgical patients and patients with Cushing’s disease. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1669 (1963).
Prunty, F. T. G.: Chemistry and treatment of adrenocortical diseases. Springfield: Thomas 1964.
Retiene, K., Espinoza, A., Marx, K.H., Pfeiffer, E. F.: Über das Verhalten von ACTH und Cortisol im Blut von Normalen und Kranken mit primärer und sekundärer Störung der Nebennierenrindenfunktion. I. Nachweis der vermehrten ACTH-Sekretion beim Morbus Cushing. Klin. Wschr. 43, 205 (1965).
Symington, Th.: Functional pathology of the human adrenal gland. Edinburgh-London: Livingstone 1969.
Thompson, K. W., Eisenhardt: Further consideration of the Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 3, 445 (1943).
Clinieal Features, Symptomatology and Diagnostie Proeedures
Bayer, J.M., Neuner, H.P.: Cushing-Syndrom und erhöhter Augeninnendruck. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 92, 1791 (1967).
Beierwaltes, W. H., Lieberman, L. M., Ansari, A. N., Nishiyama, H.: Visuahzation of human adrenal glands in vivo by scintillation scanning. J. Amer. med. Ass. 216, 275 (1971).
Bleuler, M.: Endokrinologische Psychiatrie. In: Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, Bd. 1/13. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1964.
Camanni, F., Losana, O., Massasa, F., Molinatti, G. M.: Increased renal phosphate excretion in Cushing’s syndrome. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 56, 85 (1965).
Cost, W. S.: Quantitative estimation of adrenocortical hormones and their a-ketolic metabolites in urine. 11. Pathologic adrenocortical hyperfunction. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 42, 39 (1963).
Ekman, H., Håkansson, B., Mccarthy, J. D., Lehmann, J., Sjögren, B.: Plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in Cushing’s syndrome. J. chn. endocr. 21, 684 (1961).
Flury,A., Müller,J., Froesch,E.R., Labhart,A.: Das Cushing-Syndrom. Kasuistische Zusarrmiensteílung von 43 Cushing-Patienten der Medizinischen Univ.-Klinik Zürich von 1958—1969. Schweiz, med. Wschr. (im Druck).
Furger, R.: Psychiatrische Untersuchungen beim CushingSyndrom. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 88, 9 (1961).
Guinet, P., Mornex, R., Revot, A., Bertrand, J., Veyrat, A., Dorsit, G.: Considérations sur deux observations de maladie de Cushing avec syndrome d’alcalose hypokaliémique. Rev. lyon. Méd. 16, 5 (1967).
Iannacone, A.: The ovaries in Cushing’s syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 261, 775 (1959).
Gabrilove, J. L., Brahms, S. A., Soffer, L. J.: Roentgen diagnosis of adrenal tumor in Cushing’s syndrome. Arch, intern. Med. 105, 257 (1960).
Osteoporosis in Cushing’s syndrome. Ann. intern. Med. 52, 570 (1960).
Labhart, A., Froesch, E. R., Ziegler, W.: Zur Diagnose und Therapie des Cushing-Syndroms. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 89, 44 (1959).
Liddle, G. W.: Tests of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 12, 1539 (1960).
Molinatti, G. M., Camanni, F., Olivetti, M.: A study on the metabolism of calcium in the hyperadrenocortical syndrome. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 34, 323 (1960).
Murray, R. O.: Radiologic bone changes in Cushing’s syndrome and steroid therapy. Brit. J. Radiol. 33, 1 (1960).
Nelson, D.H., Sprunt, J.G., Mims, R.B.: Plasma ACTH determinations in 58 patients before or after adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 722 (1966).
Nichols, Th., Nugent, Ch. A., Tyler, F. H.: Steroid laboratory tests in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Amer. J. Med. 45, 116 (1968).
Nugent, Ch. A.: Probability theory in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 621 (1964).
Prunty, F. T. G.: Chemistry and treatment of adrenocortical diseases. Springfield: Thomas 1964.
Ross, E.J., Marshall-Jones, P., Friedman, M.: Cushing’s syndrome: Diagnostic criteria. Quart. J. Med., N.S. 35, 149 (1966).
Rovit, R. L., Duane, T. D.: Cushing’s syndrome and pituitary tumors. Pathophysiology and ocular manifestations of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Amer. J. Med. 46, 416 (1969).
Salassa, R. M., Kearns, Th. P., Kernohan, J. W., Sprague, R.G., Mccarthy, C. S.: Pituitary tumors in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 19, 1523 (1959).
Schwarz, F., Kinderen, P. J. der, Houtsra-Lanz, M.: Exophthalmos producing activity in the serum and in the pituitary of patients with Cushing’s syndrome and acromegaly. J. clin. Endocr. 22, 718 (1962).
Soffer, L.J., Iannacone, A., Gabrilove, J. L.: Cushing’s syndrome. A study of fifty patients. Amer. J. Med. 30, 129 (1961).
Steinbach, H. L., Noetzli, M., Ozonoff, M. B.: Small pituitary fossa in Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenal neoplasm. New Engl. J. Med. 24, 1286 (1963).
West, Ch. D., Damast, B., Pearson, O. H.: Urinary estrogen excretion in Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 15 (1958).
X-Ray Diagnosis
Buetti-Bäuml, C.: Über eine neue Technik in der Röntgendiagnostik: Das Pneumoretroperitoneum. Radiol. clin. (Basel) 21, 225 (1952).
Cocchi, U.: Retropneumoperitoneum und Pneumomediastinum. Fortschr. Röntgenstr., Erg.-Bd. 1956.
Editorial: Adrenal venography. New Engl. J. Med. 26, 1453 (1968).
Reuter, S. R.: Demonstration of adrenal metastases by adrenal venography. New Engl. J. Med. 26, 1423 (1968).
Steinbach, H. L., Smith, D.R.: Extraperitoneal pneumography in diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors. Arch. Surg. 70, 161 (1955).
Voegeli, E.: Die Nebennierenphlebographie. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 100, 1517 (1970).
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Lipsett, M. B., Hertz, R., Ross, G. T.: Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of adrenocortical carcinoma. Amer. J. Med. 35, 374 (1963).
Macfarlane, D. A.: Cancer of the adrenal cortex. Ann. roy. Coll. Surg. Engl. 23, 155 (1958).
Cushing’s Syndrome due to Ectopic Corticotropin Production in Tumors (Paraneoplastic Cushing’s Syndrome) and by Mixed Cortical Medullary Tumors
Allot, E.N., Shelton, M. O.: Increased adrenocortical activity associated with malignant disease. Lancet 1964 II, 278.
Bagshawe, K. D.: Hypokaliaemia, carcinoma and Cushing syndrome. Lancet 1960 II, 284.
Brickner, Ph. W., Lyons, M., Landau, S. J.: Cushing’s syndrome associated with non-endocrine neoplasms. Amer. J. Med. 31, 632 (1961).
Brooks, R. V., Dupre, J., Gogate, A. N., Mills, I. H., Prunty, F. T. G.: Appraisal of adrenocortical hyperfunction: patients with Cushing’s syndrome or “nonendocrine” tumors. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 725 (1963).
Cohen, R. D., Ross, I. P., Dayan, A. D.: Metabolic studies in a case of adrenocortical hyperfunction associated with carcinoma of the lung. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 401 (1964).
Cost, W. S.: A mineralocorticoid excess syndrome presumably due to excessive secretion of corticosterone. Lancet 1963I, 362.
Crane, M.G., Harris, J.J.: Desoxycorticosterone secretion rates in hyperadrenocorticism. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 1135 (1966).
Friedman, M., Marshall-Jones, P., Ross, E.J.: Cushing’s syndrome: adrenocortical hyperactivity secondary to neoplasms arising outside the pituitary-adrenal system. Quart. J. Med. 35, 193 (1966).
Greenberg, E., Divertie, M. B., Woolner, L. B.: A review of unusual systemic manifestations associated with carcinoma. Amer. J. Med. 36, 106 (1964).
Haas, H. G.: Endokrine Überfunktion bei malignen Tumoren. Praxis 53, 610 (1964).
Hallwright, G. P., North, K. A. K., Reíd, J. D.: Pigmentation and Cushing’s syndrome due to malignant tumor of the pancreas. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 496 (1964).
Harrison, M. T., Montgomery, D. A. D., Rawsey, A. S., Robertson, J. H., Welbourn, R. B.: Cushing’s syndrome with carcinoma of bronchus, and with feature suggesting carcinoid tumor. Lancet 1957I, 23.
Jarett, L., Lacy, P.E., Kipnis, D.M.: Characterization by immuno-fluorescence of an ACTH-like substance in nonpituitary tumors from patients with hyperadrenocorticism. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 543 (1964).
Kovach, R. D., Kyle, L. H.: Cushing’s syndrome and bronchogenic carcinoma. Amer. J. Med. 24, 981 (1958).
Kracht, J., Hantschmann, N.: Tumorsyntropien des Cushing-Syndroms. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 38, 490 (1961).
Pfotenhauer, R.: Die extrahypophysären corticotropen Geschwülste. 12. Symp. der deutschen Ges. für Endokrinologie. p. 274. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.
Labhart, A.: Endokrine Überfunktionssyndrome der Gewebehormone. 8. Symposion Dtsch. Ges. Endokrinologie, in München 1961, p.77. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
Liddle, G. W., Island, D. P., Ney, R. L., Nicholson, W. E., Shimizu, N.: Nonpituitary neoplasms and Cushing’s syndrome. Arch, intern. Med. 111, 471 (1963).
Mach, R. S., Rentchnik, P., Müller, A. F., Lagier, J., Plattner, H. C.: Syndrome humoral d’hypercorticisme avec alcalose et hyperkaliémie par métastases surrénaliennes de carcinomes bronchiques. Presse méd. 66, 437 (1958).
Mathison, D. A., Waterhouse, C. A.: Cushing’s syndrome with hypertensive crisis and mixed adrenal cortical adenoma-pheochromocytoma (corticomedullary adenoma). Amer. J. Med. 47, 635 (1969).
Meloni, C. R., Tucci, J., Canary, J. J., Kyle, L. H.: Cushing’s syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia caused by a benign adrenal medullary tumor. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 1192 (1962).
Nichols, J.: ACTH like excretion from carcinoma of the ovary. J. Amer. med. Ass. 182, 713 (1962).
O’Riordan, J. L. H., Blanshard, G. P., Moxham, A., Nabarro, j.d.n.: Corticotropin-secreting carcinomas. Quart. J. Med. 35, 137 (1966).
Prunty, F.T.G., Brooks, R.V., Dupré, J., Gimlette, T.M.D., Hutchinson, J.S.M., Mcswiney, R.R., Mills, I. H.: Adrenocortical hyperfunction and potassium metabolism in patients with “non-endocrine” tumors and Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 737 (1963).
Riggs, B.L., Sprague, R.G.: Association of Cushing’s syndrome and neoplastic disease. Arch, intern. Med. 108, 841 (1961).
Stroit, Ch. A., Nugent, Ch.A., Tyler, F. H.: Cushing’s syndrome caused by bronchial adenomas. Amer. J. Med. 44, 97 (1968).
Transient and Periodic Cushing’s Syndrome
Aber, C.P., Cheetham, H.D.: Cyclical Cushing’s syndrome. Brit. med. J. 1961I, 336.
Brooks, R.V., Jeffwate, S.L., London, D.R., Prunty, F.T.G., Smiths, P.M.: Intermittent Cushing’s syndrome with anomalous response to dexamethasone. J. Endocr. 36, 53 (1966).
Brown, R. D., Van Loon, G. R., Orth, D. N., Liddle, G. W.: Cushing’s disease with periodic hormonogenesis: One explanation for paradoxical response to dexamethasone.
Hayslett, J. P., Cohn, G. L.: Spontaneous remission of Cushing’s disease. Report of a case. New Engl. J. Med. 276, 968 (1967).
Hondek, H., Leszynsky, H. E. : Transient Cushing syndrome. Brit. med. J. 1956I, 197.
Övlisen, B., Andersen, H.J.: Spontaneous remission in case of Cushing’s syndrome presumably due to adrenal tumor. J. din. Endocr. 26, 294 (1966).
Pasqualini, Gurevich, N.: Spontaneous remission in a case of Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 16, 406 (1956).
Schwab, R., Denninger, K.: Das transitorische CushingSyndrom. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 12, 563 (1959).
Wolff, S. M., Adler, R. C., Buskirk, E. R., Thompson, R. H. : A syndrome of periodic hypothalamic discharge. Amer. J. Med. 36, 956 (1964).
Recurrent Cushing’s Syndrome after Total Bilateral Adrenalectomy
Chaffee, W.R., Moses, A. M., Lloyd, C.W., Rogers, L.S.: Cushing’s syndrome with acessory adrenocortical tissue. J. Amer. med. Ass. 186, 799 (1963).
Engel, F.L., Mcpherson, H.T., Fetter, B.F., Baggett, B., Engel, L.L., Carter, P., Fielding, L. L., Savard, K., Dorfman, R.I.: Clinical, morphological and biochemical studies on a mahgnant testicular tumor. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 528 (1964).
Kozak, G.P., Pauk, G.L., Vagnucci, a. L, Lauler, D.P., Thorn, G. W. : Adrenal secretion after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing’s syndrome. Ann. intern. Med. 64, 778 (1966).
Ney, R. L., Hammond, W., Wright, L., Davis, W. W., Acher, J., Bartter, F. C. : Studies in a patient with an ectopic adrenocortical tumor. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 299 (1966).
Staub, J.-J. : Rezidiv eines Cushing-Syndromes nach totaler Adrenalektomie und Hypophysenausschaltung. Ektopische Hormonbildung durch Pankreasadenom. Inaug.Diss. Basd 1967.
Primary N odulary Dysplasia of the Adrenal Cortex
Meador, C.K., Bowdoin, B., Owen, W.C., Jr., Farmer, T.A., Jr.: Primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia: a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome. J. clin. Endocr. 27, 1255 (1967).
Cushing’s Syndrome and Pregnancy
Bergman, P., Ekman, H., Hakansson, B., Sjögren, B. : Adrenalectomy during pregnancy with the appearance of preeclampsia at term in a case of Cushing’s syndrome. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 35, 293 (1960).
Eisenstein, A. B., Karsch, R., Gall, L: Occurence of pregnancy in Cushing’s syndrome. J. din. Endocr. 23, 971 (1963).
Kreines, K., Perrin, E., Salzer, R.: Pregnancy in Cushing’s syndrome. J. chn. Endocr. 24, 75 (1964).
Molinatti, G. M., Olivetti, M. : Surrenectomia durante la gravidanza in un caso di sindrome di Cushing. Min. Med. 147, 1191 (1963).
Parra, A., Cruz-Krohn, J. : Intercurrent Cushing’s syndrome and pregnancy. Amer. J. Med. 40, 961 (1966).
Differential Diagnosis against Simple Obesity
Dunkelman, S.S., Faishurst, B., Player, J., Waterhouse, Ch. : Cortisol metabohsm in obesity. J. din. Endocr. 24, 832 (1964).
Editorial: Steroid paintbrush. New Engl. J. Med. 266, 1065 (1962).
Gogate, A.N., Prunty, F.T.G.: Adrenal cortical function in “obesity with pink striae” in the young adult. J. din. Endocr. 23, 747 (1963).
Jacobson, G., Seltzer, C.C., Bondy, Ph.K., Mayer, J.: Importance of body characteristics in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids in obesity. New Engl. J. Med. 271, 651 (1964).
Migeon, C.J., Green, O.C., Eckert, J.P.: Study of adrenocortical function in obesity. Metabolism 12, 718 (1963).
Prezio, J. A., Carreon, G., Clerkin, E., Meloni, C. R., Kyle, L.H., Canary, J.J.: Influence of body composition on adrenal function in obesity. J. chn. Endocr. 24, 481 (1964).
Schteingart, D. E., Gregerman, R. L, Conn, J. W. : A comparison of the characteristics of increased adrenocortical function in obesity and in Cushing’s syndrome. Metabolism 12, 484 (1963).
Simkin, B., Arce, R. : Steroid excretion in obese patients with colored abdominal striae. New Engl. J. Med. 266, 1031 (1962).
Summers, V. K., Sheehan, H. L., Hipkin, L. J., Davis, J. C. : Differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome and obesity associated with striae. Lancet 1964 II, 1079.
Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome
Melby, J.C.: Therapeutic possibilities in Cushing’s syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 285, 288 (1971).
Orth, D.N., Liddle, G.W.: Results of treatment in 108 patients with Cushing’s syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 285, 243 (1971).
Hormone Therapy
Norman, N., Vogt, J.H.: Ethinyloestradiol in the preoperative treatment of a severe case of Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenocortical hyperplasia. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 42, 168 (1963).
Bergstrand, E.G.: Growth in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Acta paediat. scand. 55, 463 (1966).
Bergstrand, E.G, Birke, G., Plantin, L. O.: Corticosteroid excretion pattern in infants and children with adrenogenital syndrome. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 30, 500 (1959).
Binoux, M., Girard, F., Pham-Huu-Trung, M. T., Canlorbe, P., Mozziconacci, P.: La régulation hypophysosurrénale dans Thyperplasie congénitale des surrénales. Arch, franç. Pédiat. 24, 369 (1967).
Birke, G., Diczfalusy, E., Plantin, L.O., Robbe, H., West-Man, H.: Familial congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 29, 55 (1958).
Blizzard, R.M., Liddle, G.W., Migeon, C.J., Wilkins, L.: Aldosterone excretion in virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1442 (1959).
Blunck, W., Bierich, J.R.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia with 11-hydroxylase deficiency. A case report and contribution to diagnosis. Acta paediat. scand. 57, 157 (1968).
Bonati, B., Marrama, P., Della CASA, L.: Urinary oestrogens in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Research on Steroids. Proc. 3rd Meeting of the Internat. Study Group for Steroid Hormones (C. CASSANO, M. FINKELSTEIN, A. KLOPFER, C. CONTI, ed.), vol. III, p. 277. Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Comp. 1968.
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Unusual steroid pattern in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: deficiency of 3jS-hydroxy dehydrogenase. J. clin. Endocr. 21, 860 (1961).
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Renin activity, aldosterone secretion, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 41, 871 (1968).
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Clark, A.: UrinaryJ5-pregnene-3i5,17a,20a,21-tetrol in 3)S-ol-dehydrogenase deficiency. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1346 (1962).
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Eberlein, W.R., Goldman, A.S., New, M.: Disorders of adrenal steroid biogenesis. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 23, 375 (1967).
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Root, A.W.: The adrenogenital syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 268, 1283 (1963).
Bryan, G. T., Kliman, B., Bartter, F. C.: Impaired aldosterone production in „salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. chn. Invest. 44, 957 (1965).
Cathro, D. M.: The adrenal cortex and medulla. In: Hubble, D. (ed.), Paediatric endocrinology, p. 187. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Sci. Publ. 1969.
Bongiovanni, A.M.: Bertrand,I., Coyle,M.G.: Antenatal diagnosis of adrenocortical hyperplasia. Lancet 19691, 732.
Childs, B., Grumbach, M. M., Wyk, J.J. Van: Virilizing adrenal hyperplasia: a genetic and hormonal study. J. clin. Invest. 35, 213 (1956).
Cleveland, W. W., Green, O.C., Wilkins, L.: Deaths in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 29, 3 (1962).
Conly, P.W., Sandberg, D.H., Cleveland, WW: Steroid metabolism in premature pubarche and virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. J. Pediat. 71, 506 (1967).
Curtius,H.CH., Müller, M.: Gas liquid chromatography of 17-ketosteroids and progesterone metabohtes of urine: Comparison of different methods of hydrolysis. J. Chromatogr. 30, 410 (1967).
David, R.R., Bergada,C., Migeon, C.J.: Effect of age on urinary steroid excretion in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 117, 16 (1965).
Degenhart, H.J., Visser, H.K.A., Wilmink, R., Croughs, W.: Aldosterone and Cortisol secretion rates in infants and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia suggesting different 21-hydroxylation defects in „salt-losers and „non-salt-losers. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 48, 587 (1965).
Frankena, L.: Production and excretion of testosterone in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and precocious puberty. Androgens. Proc. 2nd Symposium on Steroid Hormones, Ghent, June 1965, p. 81.
Dhom, G.: Die Nebennierenrinde im Kindesalter. BerlinHeidelberg-New York: Springer 1965.
Eberlein,W.R., Bongiovanni,A.M.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia with hypertension: unusual steroid pattern in blood and urine. J. clin. Endocr. 15, 1531 (1955).
Eberlein,W.R., Bongiovanni,A.M.: Plasma and urinary corticosteroids in the hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. biol. Chem. 223, 85 (1956).
Earll, J.M., Newman, S.G., Di Raimondo, V.C.: Testicular tumors in congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia. J. Amer. med. Ass. 209, 937 (1969).
Finkelstein, M.: Pregnanetriolone, an abnormal urinary steroid. In: Methods in hormone research (R.L DORFMAN, ed.), p. 169. New York-London: Academic Press 1962.
Finkelstein, M.: Enzymatic defects in adrenogenital syndromes. In: L. Martini, A. Pecile, ed.. Hormonal steroids. Biochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutics. Proc. 1st Intern. Congr. on Hormonal Steroids, p. 625. New York-London: Academic Press 1965.
Frasier, S. D., Horton, R., Ulstrom, R. A.: Androgen metabolism in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 j5-hydroxylase deficiency. Pediatrics 44, 201 (1969).
Gabrilove, J. L., Sharma, D.C., Dorfman, R. I.: Adrenocortical ll)9-hydroxylase deficiency and virilism first manifest in the adult woman. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 1189 (1965).
Galal,O.M., Drayer,N.M., Rudd,B.T: Urinary testosterone excretion in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Acta pediat. scand 59,137 (1970).
Gandy, H.M., Keutman, E.H., Izzo, A.J.: Characterization of urinary steroids in adrenal hyperplasia: isolation of metabolites of Cortisol, compound S, and desoxycorticosterone from a normotensive patient with adrenogenital syndrome. J. clin. Invest. 39, 364 (1960).
Gardner, L. I., Wyatt, T.C.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and rubeola. A study of three fatal cases. Amer. J. Dis. 94, 452 (1957).
Godard, C., Riondel, A. M., Veyrat, R., Mégevand, A., Muller, A.F.: Plasma renin activity and aldosterone secretion in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 41, 883 (1968).
Goldman, A. S.: Experimental congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia: persistent postnatal deficiency in activity of 3)8-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase produced in utero. J. clin. Endocr. 27, 1041 (1967).
Green, O.E., Migeon, C.J., Wilkins, L.: Urinary steroids in hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 929 (1960).
Hall, K., Hokfelt, B.: Clinical and steroid metabohc studies in four siblings with congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 52, 535 (1966).
Halperin, G., Finkelstein, M.: Biosynthesis of pregnanetriolone and pregnanetriol in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 54, 439 (1967).
Hedinger, CHR.: Beidseitige Hodentumoren und kongenitales adrenogenitales Syndrom (Leydig-Zellen oder Nebennierenrinden-Gewebe?). Schweiz. Z. Path Bakt. 17, 743 (1954).
Hirschfeld, A.J., Fleshman, J.K.: An unusually high incidence of salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Alaskan Eskimo. J. Pediat. 75, 492 (1969).
Imai, M., Igarashi,Y., Sokabe,H.: Plasma renin activity in congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 41, 897 (1968).
Jacobs, D.R.: Natriuretic activity of 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in man. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 61,275 (1969).
Janoski, A. H., Roginsky, M. S., Christy, N. P., Kelly, W G.: On the metabohsm of 16a-hydroxy-C21-steroids. III. Evidence for high rates of production of 16a-hydroxyprogesterone and 16a-hydroxypregnenolone in the saltlosing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Endocr. 29, 1301 (1969).
Jeffcoate,T.N.A., Davis, J.C, Wade, A.P.: Antenatal diagnosis of adrenocortical hyperplasia. Lancet 19691, 987.
Jeune, M., Bertrand, J., Charrat, A., Loras, B., Delàye, J.: L’hyperplasie surrénale congénitale à forme hypertensive. Pediatrie (Lyon) 18, 771 (1963).
Kinoshit, K., Isurugi, K., Kumamoto,Y., Takayasu, H.: Gas chromatographic estimation of urinary pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone and pregnanetetrol in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 1219 (1966).
Kowarski, A., Russel, A., Migeon, C.J.: Aldosterone secretion rate in the hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. chn. Endocr. 28, 1445 (1968).
Lim, N. Y., Mimica, N., Dingman, J.F.: Hyperaldosteronism in hypertensive congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Endocr. 29, 1564 (1969).
Marks, J. F., Fink, C.W.: Incidence of the salt-losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 43, 636 (1969).
Merkatz, I.R., New, M.L, Peterson, R.E., Seaman, M. P.: Prenatal diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome by amniocentesis. J. Pediat. 75, 977 (1969).
Migeon, C.J.: Updating of the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. Pediat. 73, 805 (1968).
New, M.: Antenatal diagnosis of the adrenogenital syndrome. Lancet 19701, 83.
New, M.I.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 15, 395 (1968).
New, M.I., Miller, B., Peterson, R. E.: Aldosterone excretion in normal children and in children with adrenal hyperplasia. J. clin. Invest. 45, 412 (1966).
New, M.I., Seaman, M. P.: Secretion rates of Cortisol and aldosterone precursors in various forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. Clin. Endocr. 30, 361 (1970).
Nichols,J.: Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of the adrenogenital syndrome. Lancet 19701, 83.
Nichols,J., Gibson, G. G.: Antenatal diagnosis of the adrenogenital syndrome. Lancet 1969II, 1068.
Piyaratn, P., Rosahn, P.D.: Congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia associated with hyperplasia of aberrant (intratesticular) adrenal tissue. J. clin. Endocr. 17, 1245 (1957).
Prader, A.: Der Genitalbefund beim Pseudohermaphroditismus femininus des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndroms. Morphologie, Häufigkeit, Entwicklung und Vererbung der verschiedenen Genitalformen. Helv. paediat. Acta 9, 231 (1954).
Prader, A.: Anders, G.J. P.A., Habich, H.: Zur Genetik des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndroms (virilisierende Nebennierenhyperplasie). Helv. paediat. Acta 17, 271 (1962).
Prader, A.: Spahr, O., Neher, R.: Erhöhte Aldosteronausscheidung beim kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndrom. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 85, 1085 (1965).
Rappaport, R., Cornu, G., Royer, P.: Statural growth in congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated with hydrocortisone. J. Pediat. 73, 760 (1968).
Reynolds, J.W.: The excretion of two ZL5-3-OH,16A-hydroxysteroids by patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 36, 583 (1965).
Ulstrom, R.A.: Studies of Cortisol metabolism in a case of the hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Demonstration of the absence of 11-jS-dehydroxylation. J. clin. Endocr. 23,191 (1963).
Rivarola, M.A.,Saez, J.M., Migeon, C.J.: Studies of androgens in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. din. Endocr. 27, 624 (1967).
Rosenbloom, A.L., Smith, D.W.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 19661, 660. Varying expression for salt losing in related patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 38, 215 (1966).
Rudd,B.T., Galal,O.M., Mcarthur, R.G.: A difficulty in confirming 21 hydroxylase deficiency in a neonate with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Aust. paedit. J. 4, 38 (1968).
Sharma, D.C., Forchielli, E., Dorfman, R.L: Inhibition of enzymatic steroid lljhydroxylation by androgens. J. biol. Chem. 238, 572 (1963).
Siebenmann, R. E.: Die Pathologie der kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndrome. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1973.
Stevens, VC., Goldzieher, J.W.: Urinary excretion of gonadotropins in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pediatrics 41, 421 (1968).
StöCKLI, A., Keller, M.: Kongenitales Adrenogenitalsyndrom und Schwangerschaft. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 99, 126 (1969).
Stolecke, H.: Kongenitale Nebennierenrindenhyperplasie mit maximaler Virilisierung (penile Urethra). Kasuistik der Weltliteratur und ein eigener Beitrag. Z. Kinderheilk. 107, 343 (1970).
Strott, C.A., Yoshimi,T., Bardin, C.W., Lipsett, M.B.: Blood progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels and production rates in a boy with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. din. Endocr. 28, 1085 (1968).
Lipsett, M.B.: Plasma progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in normal men and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J. chn. Invest. 48, 930 (1969).
Symington, TH.: Functional pathology of the adrenal gland. Edinburgh-London: E.S. Livingstone Ltd. 1969.
Zachmann, M., Völlmin, J. A., Mürset, G., Curtius, H. CH., Prader,A.: Unusual congenital adrenal hyperplasia probably due to 3jS-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase deficiency. Case report and steroid studies. J. clin. Endocr. 30, 719 (1970).
New, M.L, Curtius, H.-C, Prader, A.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiency of 11 j-hydroxylation of 17a-hydroxylated steroids. J. clin. Endocr. 33, 501 (1971).
Zamora, E., Plattner, D., Curtius, H.-CH.: Determination of urinary pregnanediol, pregnanetriol and pregnanetriolone in normal children and adults by gas chromatography. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 62, 315 (1969).
Acquired Adrenogenital Syndrome in Childhood
Askari, H.A., Sieber, W.H., Fetterman, G. H.: Virilizing tumors of the adrenal cortex. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 115, 445 (1968).
Bernheim, M., FrançOIS, R.: Les syndromes cortico-surrénaux acquis de l’enfance. Pédiatrie 8, 357 (1953).
Brooks, R. V., Mattingly, D., Mills, I. H., Prunty, F. T. G.: Postpubertal adrenal virilism with biochemical disturbance of the congenital type of adrenal hyperplasia. Brit, med. J. 19601, 1294.
Mahesh, V.B., Greenblatt, R.B., Coniff, R.F.: Adrenal hyperplasia — a case report of delayed onset of the congenital form or an acquired form. J. din. Endocr. 28, 619 (1968).
Zurbrügg, R. P.. Joss, E., Zuppinger, K., König, M. P.: ebennierenrindentumoren im Kindesalter: Tücken und Wertigkeit steroidchemischer Untersuchungen. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 96, 737 (1966).
Acquired Adrenogenital Syndrome in the Adult
Birke, G., Franksson, C., Gemzell, C. A., Moberger, G., Plantin, L. O.: Adrenal cortical tumors. A study with special reference to possibilities of correlating histologic appearance with hormonal activity. Acta chir. scand. 117, 233 (1959).
Cohen, I., Thomas, R. G.: Adrenal virilizing tumor and pregnancy. S. Afr. med. J. 34, 46 (1960).
Faglia, G., Travaglini, P., Neri, V., Farrari, C., Gat-TINONI, L., Acerbi, L.: Occurrence of a virilizing syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency after pregnancy. J. din. Endocr. 29, 1325 (1969).
Gabrilove, J. L., Sharma, D.C., Dorfman, R. I.: Adrenocortical ll)5-hydroxylase deficiency and virilism first manifest in the adult woman. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 1189 (1965).
Heinbecker, P., O’neal, L.W., Ackerman, L.V.: Functioning and nonfunctioning adrenal cortical tumours. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 105, 21 (1957).
Held, E.: Adrenogenitales Syndrom bei Carcinom der Nebennierenrinde. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 17, 128 (1954).
Hunt, A. B., Mcconahey, W. M.: Pregnancy associated with diseases of the adrenal glands. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 66, 970 (1953).
Kendall, J. W., Sloop, P. R.: Dexamethasone-suppressible adrenocortical tumor. New Engl. J. Med. 279, 532 (1968).
Rappaport, E., Goldberg, M. B., Gordon, G.S., Hinman, F.,JR.: Mortality in surgically treated adrenocortical tumors. Postgrad. Med. 11, 325 (1952).
Idiopathic Hirsutism
Bardin, C. W., Hembree, W. C., Lipsett, M. B.: Suppression of testosterone and androstenedione production rates with dexamethasone in women with idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovaries. J. chn. Endocr. 28, 1300 (1968).
Bardin, C. W., Hembree, W. C., Lipsett, M. B., Lipsett, M.B.: Testosterone and androstenedione blood production rates in normal women and women with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovaries. J. clin. Invest. 46, 891 (1967).
Baulieu, E.E., Mauvais-Jarvis, P., Corpechot, C.: Steroid studies in a case of Stein-Leventhal syndrome with hirsutism. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 374 (1963).
Casey, J.H., Nabarro, J.D.N.: Plasma testosterone in idiopathic hirsutism, and the changes produced by adrenal and ovarian stimulation and suppression. J. chn. Endocr. 27, 1431 (1967).
Dignam, W.J., Pion, R.J., Lamb, E.J., Simmer, H.H.: Plasma androgens in women. IL Patients with polycystic ovaries and hirsutism. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 45, 254 (1964).
Ettinger, B., Goldfield, E.B., Burrill, K. C., Werder, K. VON, Forsham, P. H.: Plasma testosterone stimulationsuppression dynamics in hirsute women. Amer. J. Med. 54, 195 (1973).
Forbes, A.P.: Hypertrichosis. New Engl. J. Med. 273, 602 (1965).
France, J.T., Knox, B.S.: Urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone in hirsutism. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 56, 177 (1967).
Gallagher, T.F., Kappas, A., Hellman, L., Lipsett, M.B., Pearson, O.H., West, C.D.: Adrenal hyperfunction in idiopathic hirsutism and the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 37, 794 (1958).
Göbel, P.: Hirsutismus. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Endokrinologie und der Gastroenterologie. 18. Ärzthcher Fortbildungskurs in Bad Kissingen, p. 13. Stuttgart-NewYork:F.K. Schattauer 1969(H. BRüGEL,Hrsg.).
Kappas, A., Pearson, O. H., West, C. D., Gallagher, T. F.: A study of idiopathic hirsutism; a transitional adrenal abnormality. J. clin. Endocr. 16, 517 (1956).
Karl,H.J., Raith,L.: Der Einfluß von 6-Dehydro-16Methylenhydrocortison auf die Funktion der Nebennierenrinde bei Frauen mit Hirsutismus. Klin. Wschr. 48, 347 (1970).
Lipsett, M.B., Riter, B.: Urinary ketosteroids and pregnanetriol in hirsutism. J. chn. Endocr. 20, 180 (1960).
Lloyd, C. W., Lobotsky, J., Segre, E. J., Kobayashi, T., Tay-MOR, M.L., Batt, R.E.: Plasma testosterone and urinary 17-ketosteroids in women with hirsutism and polycystic ovaries. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 314 (1966).
— Moses, A. M., Lobotsky, J., Klaiber, E. L., Marshall, L. D., JaccäS, R. D.: Studies of adrenocortical function of women with idiopathic hirsutism; response to 25 units of ACTH. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 413 (1963).
Mahesh, V.B., Greenblatt, R.B., Aydar,C.K., Roy, S., Puebla, R. A., Ellegood, J.O.: Urinary steroid excretion patterns in hirsutism. I. Use of adrenal and ovarian suppression tests in the study of hirsutism. J. clin. Endocr. 24, 1283 (1964).
Müller,S.A.: Hirsutism. Amer. J. Med. 46, 803 (1969).
Nichols, T., Nugent, C. A., Tyler, F.H.: Glucocorticoid suppression of urinary testosterone excretion in patients with idiopathic hirsutism. J. clin. Endocr. 26, 79 (1966).
Perloff, W.H., Channick, B.J., Suplick, B.: Clinical management of idiopathic hirsutism (adrenal virilism). J. Amer. med. Ass. 167, 2041 (1958).
— Jacobsohn, G.: Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on urinary 17-ketosteroids in a patient with SteinLeventhal syndrome before and after oophorectomy. J. din. Endocr. 23, 1177 (1963).
Segre, E.J.: Androgens, virilization and the hirsute female. Springfield, 111.: Ch. C. Thomas 1967.
— Klaiber, E.L., Lobotsky, J., Lloyd, C.W.: Hirsutism and virilizing syndromes. Ann. Rev. Med. 15, 315 (1964).
Wieland, R. G., Vorys, N., Folk, R. L., Besch, P. K., Neri, A., Hamwi, G.J.: Studies of female hirsutism. Clinical and biochemical evaluation. Amer. J. Med. 41, 927 (1966).
Adrenal Feminization
Bacon, G.E., Lowrey,G.H.: Feminizing adrenal tumor in a six-year-old boy. J. din. Endocr. 25, 1403 (1965).
Fontaine, R., Sacrez, R., Klein, M., Frank, P., LAUSECKER,C., STOLL, G., KAHN, R.: Puberté précoce avec développement des seins chez un garçon porteur d’une tumeur de la surrénale. Arch, franç. Pédiat. 11, 417 (1954).
Gabrilove, J.L., Sharma, D.C., Wotiz,H.H., Dorfman, R.L: Feminizing adrenocortical tumors in the male. A review of 52 cases including a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 44, 37 (1965).
Landau, R. L., Stimmel, B. F., Humphreys, E., Clark, D. E.: Gynecomastia and retarded sexual development resulting from a long-standing estrogen-secreting adrenal tumor. J. chn. Endocr. 14, 1097 (1954).
Mosier,H.D.,Goodwin, W. E.: Feminizing adrenal adenoma in a 7-year old boy. Pediatrics 27, 1016 (1961).
Rose, L. L, Williams, G. H., Jagger, P. I., Lauler, D. P.: Feminizing tumor of the adrenal gland with positive chorionic-like gonadotropin test. J. clin. Endocr. 28, 903 (1968).
Snaith, A.H.: A case of feminizing adrenal tumor in a giri. J. din. Endocr. 18, 318 (1958).
Wilkins, L.: A feminizing adrenal tumor causing gynecomastia in a boy of 5 years contrasted with a virilizing tumor in a 5-year-old girl. Classification of 70 cases of adrenal tumor in children according to their hormonal manifestations and a review of 11 cases of feminizing adrenal tumors in adults. J. clin. Endocr. 8, 111 (1948).
General
Diczfalusy, E. (ed.): Steroid assay by protein binding. Acta endocr. (Kbh.), Suppl. 147 (1970).
Dorfman, R.L (ed.): Methods in hormone research, vols. 1 and 2. New York: Academic Press 1962.
Gray,C.H., Bacharach, A.L. (eds.): Hormones in blood, vols. 1 u. 2, 2nd. ed. New York: Academic Press 1967.
Hübener, H. J, Staib, W.: Biochemie der Nebennierenrinden-Hormone. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme 1965.
Murphy, B.E. P.: Protein binding and the assay of nonantigenic hormones. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 25, 563 (1969).
Oertel, G. W.: Chemische Bestimmungen von Steroiden im Plasma. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1962.
— Chemische Bestimmungen von Steroiden im menschlichen Harn. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1964.
Sunderman, F. W., Sunderman, F. W., JR. (eds.): Lipids and the Steroid hormones in chnical medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincot 1960.
Plasma-ACTH Determination
Berson, S. A., Yalow, R. S.: Radioimmunoassay of ACTH in plasma. J. clin. Invest. 47, 2725 (1968).
Besser, G.M., Orth, D.N., Nicholson, W.E., Byyny, R.L., Abe, K., Woodham, J. P.: Dissociation of the disappearance of bioactive and radioimmunoreactive ACTH from plasma in man. J. clin. Endocr. 32, 595 (1971).
Demura,H., West,CD., Nugent,C.A., Nakagawa,K., Tyler, F. H.: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma ACTH levels. J. chn. Endocr. 26, 1297 (1966).
Liddle, G. W., Island, D., Meador, C. K.: Normal and abnormal regulation of corticotropin secretion in man. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 18, 125 (1962).
Lipscomb, H.S., Nelson, D.H.: A sensitive biologic assay for ACTH. Endocrinology 71,13 (1962).
Ney, R. L., Shimizu, N., Nicholson, W. E., Island, D. P., Liddle, G. W.: Correlation of plasma ACTH concentration with adrenocortical response in normal human subjects, surgical patients, and patients with Cushing’s disease. J. chn. Invest. 42, 1669 (1963).
Pfeiffer, E. F., Vaubel, W. E., Retiene, K., Berg, D., Ditschuneit, H.: ACTH-Bestimmung mittels Messung des Plasmacorticosterons der mit Dexamethason hypophysenblockierten Ratte. Khn. Wschr. 38, 980 (1960).
Sayers, G.: Adrenocorticotrophin. In: Hormones in blood, ed. by C.H.Grayand A.L. Bacharach, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 169. New York: Academic Press 1967.
Yalow, R.S., Glick, S.M., Roth,J., Berson, S.A.: Radioimmunoassay of human plasma ACTH. J. chn. Endocr. 24, 1219 (1964).
MSH Determination
Abe, K., Island, D. P.,Liddle, G. W., Fleischer, N., Nicholson, W. E.: Radioimmunological evidence for a a-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in human pituitary and tumor tissues. J. clin. Endocr. 27,46 (1967 a).
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Hudson, B., Bentley, G. A.: The biological assay of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Anstr. J. exp. Biol. 35, 45 (1957).
Landgrebe, F. W., Waring, H.: Melanophore expanding activity. In: R. L Dorfman, Methods in hormone research. New York: Academic Press 1962.
Lerner, A. B., Lee, T. H.: The melanocyte-stimulating hormones. Vitam. and Horm. 20, 337 (1962).
Shizume, D., Lerner, A. B., Fitzpatrick, T. B.: In vitro bioassay for the melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Endocrinology 54, 533 (1954).
Shizume, K., Lerner, A. B.: Determination of melanocytestimulating hormone in urine and blood. J. chn. Endocr. 14, 1491 (1954).
Walker, J.M.: The melanocyte-stimulating hormone. In: Hormones in blood, ed. by C.H.Grayand A.L. Bacharach, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 161. New York: Academic Press 1967.
Plasma Renin and Angiotensin Determination
Boucher, R., Veyrat, R., Champlain, J. DE, Genest, J.: New procedures for measurement of human plasma angiotensin and renin activity levels. Canad. med. Ass. J. 90, 194 (1964).
Boyd, G. W., Landon, J., Peart, W. S.: Radioimmunoassay for determining plasma-levels of angiotensin II in man. Lancet 1967II, 1002.
Brown, J. J., Davies, D. L., Lever, A. F., Robertson, J. I. S.: Variations in plasma renin concentration in several physiological and pathological states. Canad. med. Ass. J. 90, 201 (1964).
— — — — TREE, M.: The estimation of renin in human plasma. Biochem. J. 93, 594 (1964).
Catt, K.J., Cain, M.C., Coghlan, J. P.: Measurement of angiotensin in blood. Lancet 1967II, 1005.
Haber, E., Koerner, TH., PAGE, L. B., Kliman, B., PurnodeA.: Application of a radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I to the physiologic measurements of plasma renin activity in normal human subjects. J. clin. Endocr. 29,1349 (1969).
Kotchen,T.A., Flamenbaum,W., Cirksena,W., Gamble, W.: Comparison of a biological and an immunological assay for the measurement of plasma renin activity. J. clin. Endocr. 36, 804 (1973).
Peart, W.S.: The functions for renin and angiotensin. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 21, 73 (1965).
Vallotton, M. B., Page, L. B., Haber, E.: Radioimmunoassay of angiotensin in human plasma. Nature (Lond.) 215, 714 (1967).
Veyrat, R., Champlain, J. DE, Boucher, R., Genest, J.: Measurement of human arterial renin activity in some physiological and pathological states. Canad. med. Ass. J. 90, 215 (1964).
Fluorometric Determination of Plasma Corticosteroids
Mattingly, D.: A simple fluorimetrie method for the estimation of free 11-hydroxycorticoids in human plasma. J. chn. Path. 15, 374 (1962).
Moor, P. DE, Steeno, O., Raskin, M., Hendrikx, A.: Fluorimetrie determination of free plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in man. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 33, 297 (1960).
Silber, R. H.: Fluorimetrie analysis of corticoids. Meth. biochem. Anal. 14, 63 (1966).
— Bush, R.D., Oslapas, R.: Practical procedure for estimation of corticosterone or hydrocortisone. Chn. Chem. 4, 278 (1958).
Sweat, M.: Adrenocorticosteroids in peripheral and adrenal venous blood of man. J. clin. Endocr. 15, 1043 (1955).
Sweat, M. L.: Sulfuric acid-induced fluorescence of corticosteroids. Analyt. Chem. 26, 773 (1954).
Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids (Porter-SilberChromogens)
Peterson, R. E., Karrer, A., Guerra, S. L.: Evaluation of the Silber-Porter procedure for determination of plasma hydrocortisone. Analyt. Chem. 29, 144 (1957).
Porter, C. C., Silber, R. H.: A quantitative color reaction for cortisone and related 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids. J. biol. Chem. 185, 201 (1950).
Silber, R. H., Porter, C. C.: The determmation of 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids in urine and plasma. J. biol. Chem. 210, 923 (1954).
Plasma Aldosterone
Brodie, H., Shimizu, N., Tait, S. A.S., Tait, J.F.: A method for the measurement of aldosterone in peripheral plasma using H-acetic anhydride. J. clin. Endocr. 27, 997 (1967).
Coghlan, J. P., Scoggins, B. A.: Measurement of aldosterone in peripheral blood of man and sheep. J. clin. Endocr. 27,1470 (1967).
Kliman, B., Peterson, R. E.: Double isotope derivative assay of aldosterone in biological extracts. J. biol. Chem. 235, 1639 (1960).
Peterson, R.E.I.Determination of peripheral plasma aldosterone. In: Aldosterone, ed. by E.E. Baulieuand P. Röbel, p. 145. Oxford: Blackwell 1964.
Plasma Androgens
Brownie, A. C., Molen, H. J. Van Der, Nishizawa, E. E., Eik-Nes, K. B.: Determination of testosterone in human peripheral blood using gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. J. chn. Endocr. 24, 1091 (1964).
Gandy, H.M., Moody, C.B., Peterson, R. E.: Androgen levels in ovarian and adrenal venous plasma. Excerpta med. internal. Congr. Series 112, 223 (1965).
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Hudson, B., Coghlan, J. P., Dulmanis, A., Wintour, M., EKKEL,I.: The estimation of testosterone in biological fluids. I. Testosterone in plasma. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 41, 235 (1963).
Riondel, A., TAIT, J.F., Gut, M., TAIT, S. A.S., Joachim, E., Little, B.: Estimation of testosterone in human peripheral blood using S-thiosemicarbazide. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 620 (1963).
Direct Eosinophil Count
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Randolph, T. G.: Differentiation and enumeration of eosinophils in the counting chamber with a glycol stain; a valuable technique in appraising ACTH dosage. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 34, 1696 (1949).
Urinary Steroid Determination
Breuer, H., Nocke, W.: Bestimmung von Steroidhormonen. Internist (Beri.) 9, 63 (1968).
Tamm, J.: Methodik, Fehlerquellen und Deutung der Corticosteroidbestimmungen im Harn. Internist (Berl.) 4, 559 (1963).
Vestergaard, P., Leverett, R.: Constancy of creatinine excretion. J. Lab. clin. Med. 51, 211 (1958).
Urinary 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids
Fiedler-Behrendt, M.: Eine einfache Routine-Bestimmung der I7,21-Dihydroxy-20-Ketosteroide im Urin (nach PETERSON). Röntgenu. Lab.-Prax. 15, 132 (1962).
Peterson, R. E., Wyngaarden, J. B., Guerra, S. L., Brodie, B.B., BUNIM,J.J.: The physiological disposition and metabohc fate of hydrocortisone in man. J. chn. Invest. 34, 1779 (1955).
17-Ketogenic Steroids According to Norymberskiand “Total” 17-Hydroxycorticoids According to Appleby
Appleby, J. L, Gibson, G., Norymberski, J. K., Stubbs, R. D.: Indirect analysis of corticosteroids. Biochem. J. 60, 453 (1955).
Borth, R., Linder, A., Riondel, A.: Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids in healthy subjects in relation to sex, age, body weight and height. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 25, 33 (1957).
Norymberski, J. K., Stubbs, R. D., West, H. F.: Assessment of adrenocortical activity by assay of 17-ketogenic steroids in urine. Lancet 19531, 1273.
Free Urinary Cortisol and Free Urinary Corticosteroids
Brooks, R. V., Dupre, J., Cogate, A. N., Mills, I. H., Prunty, F.T.G.: Appraisal of adrenocortical hyperfunction: Patients with Cushing’s syndrome or non-endocrine tumors. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 725 (1963).
Espiner, E. A.: The relation between free Cortisol in urine and urinary free 11 -hydroxycorticosteroids as measured by fluorescence. J. Endocr. 33, 223 (1965).
Mattingly, D., Dennis, P. M., Pearson, J., Cope, C. L.: Rapid screening test for adrenal cortical function. Lancet 1964II, 1046.
Rosner, J.M., Cos, J.C., Biglieri, E.G., Hane, S., Forsham, P.H.: Determination of urinary unconjugated Cortisol by glass fiber chromatography in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. J. chn. Endocr. 23, 820 (1963).
Urinary Aldosterone Metabolites,Aldosterone Secretion Rate
Kliman, B., Peterson, R. E.: Double isotope derivative assay of aldosterone in biological extracts. J. biol. Chem. 235, 1639 (1960).
Neher, R., Wettstein, A.: Physiochemical estimation of aldosterone in urine. J. clin. Invest. 35, 800 (1956).
New, M.L, Miller, B., Peterson, R.E.: Aldosterone excretion in normal children and in children with adren hyperplasia. J. clin. Invest. 45, 412 (1966).
Siegenthaler, W.E., Peterson, R.E., Frimpter, G. W.: The renal clearance of aldosterone and its major metabohtes. In: Aldosterone (E.E. BAULIEU and P. RöBEL, eds.), p. 51. Oxford: Blackwell 1964.
Ulick, S., Laragh, J.H., Lieberman, S.: The isolation of a urinary metabolite of aldosterone and its use to measure the rate of secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex of man. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns. 71, 225 (1958).
Urinary 17-Ketosteroids
Borth, R., Linder, A., Riondel, A.: Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids in healthy subjects, in relation to sex, age, body weight and height. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 25, 33 (1957). DORFMAN, R.L, SHIPLEY, R. A.: Androgens. New York: Wiley 1956.
Hamburger, C.: Normal urinary excretion of neutral ketosteroids with special reference to age and sex variations. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 1, 19 (1948).
Peterson, R. E., Pierce, C.E.: Determination of urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids. In: F.W. SUNDERMAN, and F.W. SUNDERMAN, JR. (eds.), Lipids and the steroid hormones in chnical medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincot 1960.
Zimmermann, W.: Eine Farbreaktion der Sexualhormone und ihre Anwendung zur quantitativen colorimetrischen Bestimmung. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 233, 257 (1935).
Determination of Testosterone and Single Androgenmetabolites in the Urine, Androgen Production Rates
Camacho, A. M., Migeon, C.J.: Studies in origin of testosterone in urine of normal adult subjects and patients with various endocrine disorders. J. clin. Invest. 43. 1083 (1964).
Dulmanis, A., Coghlan, J. P., Wintour, M., Hudson, B.: The estimation of testosterone in biological fluids. II. Testosterone in urine. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. 43, 385 (1964).
Gurpide, E., Mann,J., Lieberman, S.: Analysis of open systems of multiple pools by administration of tracers at constant rate or as single dose as illustrated by problems involving steroid hormones. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 1155 (1963).
Korenman, S. G., Wilson, H., Lipsett, M.B.: Testosterone production rates in normal adults. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1753 (1963).
Lipsett, M. B., Korenman, S. G.: Androgen metabolism. J. Amer. med. Ass. 190, 757 (1964).
Prunty, F. T. G.: Androgen metabohsm in man, — some current concepts. Brit. med. J. 1966II, 605.
Schmidt, H.: Testosteronausscheidung bei männlichen Personen unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen. Acta endocr. (Kbh.), Suppl. 128 zu 58.
Tait, J. F.: Review: Use of isotopic steroids for measurement of production rates in vivo. J. clin. Endocr. 23, 1285 (1963).
ACTH Tests
Bierich, J. R., Schönberg, D., Eckler, E.: Untersuchungen zur Dynamik des Hypophysen-Nebennierenrindensystems. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 87, 84 (1962).
Birke, G., Diczfalusy, E., Plantin, L. O.: Assessment of the functional capacity of the adrenal cortex. I. Establishment of normal values. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 736 (1958).
— — — Assessment of the functional capacity of the adrenal cortex. II. Clinical apphcations of the ACTHtest. J. clin. Endocr. 20, 593 (1960).
Chakmakjian, Z. H., Nelson, D. H., Bethune, J. E.: Adrenocortical failure in panhypopituitarism. J. clin. Endocr. 28, 259 (1968).
Dixon, P.F., Booth, M., Butler, J.: In: Hormones in blood, ed. by C. H. GRAY and A. L. BACHARACH, 2nd ed., p. 305. London: Academic Press 1967.
Froesch, E.R., Renold, A.E., Thorn, G.W.: Der heutige Stand der Funktionsdiagnostik der Nebennierenrinde. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 89, 623 (1959).
Jenkins, D., Forsham, P. H., Laidlaw, J. C., REDDY, W. J., Thorn, G. W.: Use of ACTH in the diagnosis of adrenal cortex insufficiency. Amer. J. Med. 18, 3 (1955).
Prunty, F. T. G.: Chemistry and treatment of adrenocortical diseases. Springfield: Thomas 1964.
Renold, A. E., Jenkins, D., Forsham, P. H., Thorn, G.W.: The use of intravenous ACTH. A study in quantitative adrenocortical stimulation. J. clin. Endocr. 12, 763 (1952).
Methopyrapone Test
Cope, C. L., Dennis, P. M., Pearson, J.: Some factors determining the adrenal response to metyrapone (SU4885). Chn. Sci. 30, 249 (1966).
Froesch, E. R., Labhart, A., Neher, R., Prader, A., Ziegler, W.: Diagnostische Anwendung eines neuen Adrenostaticums. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 89, 623 (1959).
Liddle, G.W., Estep,H.L., Kendall, J. W., JR., Williams, W. C., JR., Townes, A. W.: Clinical application of a new test of pituitary reserve. J. chn. Endocr. 19, 875 (1959).
Metcalf, M. G., Beaven, D. W.: The metopiron-test of pituitary corticotrophin release. Evaluation of 101 tests. Amer. J. Med. 45, 176 (1968).
Vasopressin Test
Bethge, H., Bayer, J.M., Winkelmann, W.: Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. The differentiation between adrenocortical hyperplasia and adrenocortical adenoma by means of Lysin-Vasopressin. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 60, 47 (1969).
Gwinup, G.: Test for pituitary function using vasopressin. Lancet 1965II, 572.
Landon, J., James, V.H. T., Stoker, D.J.: Plasma-cortisol response to lysine-vasopressin. Comparison with other tests of human pituitary-adrenocortical function. Lancet 1965II, 1156.
Tucci, J. R., Espiner, E. A., Jagger, P. J., Lauler, D. P., THORN, G. W.: Vasopressin in the evaluation of pituitaryadrenal function. Ann. intern. Med. 69, 191 (1968).
Insulin and Pyrogen Stimulation Tests
Bliss, E.K., Migeon, C.J., Eik-Nes, K., Sandberg, A. A., Samuels, L. T.: Effects of insulin, histamine, bacterial pyrogen and the antabuse-alcohol reaction upon the levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the peripheral blood of man. Metabohsm 3, 493 (1954).
Engel, E., Demanet, J. C., Brichant,J., Riondel, A. M.: Emploi d’un pyrogène comme test de la stimulation neuro-hypophyso-surrénalienne. Helv. med. Acta 25, 552 (1958).
— Loizeau, E., Brichant,J., Riondel, A.M.: Application clinique d’un test d’hyperstéroidémie provoquée par un pyrogène. Praxis 49, 417, 446, 461 (1960).
Farmer, T. A., Hill, S. R., Pittman, J. A., Herod, J. W.: The plasma metabohsm 17-hydroxycorticosteroid response to corticotropin, SU 4885 and liposaccharide pyrogens. J. clin. Endocr. 21, 433 (1961).
Froesch, E. R.: Die Funktion der Nebennierenrinde in der Insulingegenregulation. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 85, 121 (1955).
Jenkins, J. S., Elkington, S.: Metapyrone and pyrogen in the assessment of pituitary-adrenal function after removal of pituitary adenoma. Lancet 1964II, 991.
Landon, J., Wynn, V., James, V. H. T.: The adrenocortical response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. J. Endocr. 27, 183 (1963).
Brown, R. D., Van Loon, G. R., Orth, D. N., Liddle, G. W.: Cushing’s disease with periodic hormonogenesis: One explanation for paradoxical response to dexamethasone. J. clin. Endocr. 36, 445 (1973).
Dexamethasone Suppression Test
French, F. S., Macfie,J.A., Baggett, B., Williams, T. F., Wyk, J.J.VAN: Cushing’s syndrome with a paradoxical response to dexamethasone. Amer. J. Med. 47,619 (1969).
Katz, J.: Failure of dexamethasone suppression in adrenal hyperplasia. Arch, intern. Med. 118, 265 (1966).
Jubiz, W., Meikle, A. W., Levinson, R. A., Mizutani, S., West, CH., Tyler, F.H.: Effect of diphenylhydantoin on the metabohsm of dexamethasone. New Engl. J. Med. 283, 11 (1970).
Liddle, G. W.: Tests of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. J. chn. Endocr. 20, 1539 (1960).
— Williams,W.C.,JR., Walser, A.: Die Bedeutung von ACTH für die Pathogenese der Cushingschen Erkrankung. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 90, 1325 (1960).
Linn,J.E.,JR., Bowdoin,B., Farmer,T.A., Meador, C.K.,: Observations and comments on failure of dexamethasone suppression. New Engl. J. Med. 277, 403 (1967).
Nugent,CA., Nichols, T., Tyler,F.H.: Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Single dose dexamethasone suppression test. Arch, intern. Med. 116, 172 (1965).
Pavlatos, F. C., Smilo, R.P., Forsham, P. H.: A rapid screening test for Cushing’s syndrome. J. Amer. med. Ass. 193, 720 (1965).
Rose, L. I., Williams, G. H., Jagger, P.L, Lauler,D.P., Thorn, G. W.: The paradoxical dexamethasone response phenomenon. Metabohsm 18, 369 (1969).
Silverman, W.R., Marnell, R. T., Sholiton, L.J., Werk, E.E.: Failure of dexamethasone suppression test to indicate bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia in Cushing’s syndrome. J. chn. Endocr. 23, 167 (1963).
Strott, CH. A., Nugent, CH. A., Tyler, F.H.: Cushing’s syndrome caused by bronchial adenomas. Amer. J. Med. 44, 97 (1968).
Assessment of Origin of Androgens in Hirsutism and Virilization
Davis, T.E., Lipsett, M. B., Korenman, S. G.: Suppression of testosterone production by physiologic doses of 2-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate. J. clin. Endocr. 25, 476 (1965).
Dignam, W. J., Pion, R. J., Lamb, E. J., Simmer, H. G.: Plasma androgens in women. II. Patients with polycystic ovaries and hirsutism. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 45, 254 (1964).
Forchielli, E., Rao, G. S., Sarda, J. R., Gibree, N. B., Pochi, P.E., Strauss, J. S., Dorfman, R.L: Effect of ethinylestradiol on plasma testosterone levels and urinary testosterone excretion in man. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 50, 51 (1965).
Horton, R., Tait,J.F.: In vivo studies of steroid dynamics — androstenedione and testosterone. In: Androgens in normal and pathological conditions, ed. by A.Vermeulen and D. Exley, p. 199. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation 1966.
Korenman, S.G., Kirschner, M. A., Lipsett, M. B.: Testosterone production in normal women and women with Stein-Leventhal syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism. J. clin. Endocr. 25, 798 (1965).
Lamb, E. J., Dignam, W. J., Pion, R. J., Simmer, H.H.: Plasma androgens in women. 1. Normal and non-hirsute females, oophorectomized and adrenalectomized patients. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 45, 243 (1964).
Lipsett, M. B., Korenman, S. G.: Androgen metabohsm. J. Amer. med. Ass. 190, 757 (1964).
— Wilson, H., Kirschner, M. A., Korenman, S. G., Fishman, L.M., SARFATY,G.A., BARDIN,C.W.: Studies on Leydig cell physiology and pathology: Secretion and metabohsm of testosterone. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 22, 245 (1966).
Mahesh, V. B., Greenblatt, R. B.: Steroid secretions of the normal and polycystic ovary. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 20, 341 (1964).
Segre, E.J.: Androgens, virilization and the hirsute female, Springfield, 111.: C. C. Thomas 1967.
Tamm, J.: Der Testosteronstoffwechsel beim Menschen. Testosteron im Plasma und Testosteron-Produktionsraten. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 92, 2037 (1967).
Water Loading
Moses, A. M., Gabrilove, J. L., Soffer, L.J.: Simplified water loading test in hypoadrenocortism and hypothyroidism. J. clin. Endocr. 18, 1413 (1958).
Soffer, L.J., Gabrilove, J.L.: A simplified water-loading test for the diagnosis of Addison’s disease. Metabolism 1, 504 (1952).
Saliva Electrolytes
Lauler,D.P., Hickler,R.B., Thorn, G.W.: The salivary sodium-potassium ratio. New Engl. J. Med. 267, 1136 (1962).
Prader, A., Gautier, E., Naef, D.: Die Naund K-Konzentration im gemischten Speichel. 1. Der Einfluß der Sekretionsgeschwindigkeit, Stimulationsund Sammelmethode, Geschlecht, Alter, Tageszeit und Salzgehalt der Nahrung. Helv. paediat. Acta 10, 29 (1955).
Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Sweat and Feces
Conn,J.W., Louis, L.H., Johnston, M. W., Johnson, B. xJ.: The electrolyte content of thermal sweat as an index of adrenal cortical function. J. clin. Invest. 27, 529 (1948).
Edmonds, C. J., Richards, P.: Measurement of rectal electrical potential difference as an instant screening test for hyperaldosteronism. Lancet 1970II, 624.
Emrich, H.M., Ullrich, K.J.: Ausscheidung verschiedener Stoffe im Schweiß in Abhängigkeit von der Schweißflußrate. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 290, 298 (1966).
Gibson, L.E., Cooke, R.E.: A test for concentration of electrolytes in sweat in cystic fibrosis of pancreas utilizing pilocarpine by iontonphoresis. Pediatrics 23, 545 (1959).
Grandchamp, A., Scherrer, J. R., Veyrat, R., Muller, A.F.: I. Measurement of sweat sodium and potassium excretion for evaluation of mineralocorticoid activity in normal subjects. Helv. med. Acta 34, 367 (1968).
Veyrat, R., Scholer,D., Muller,A.F.: II. Measurement of sweat sodium and potassium excretion as a screening test of mineralocorticoid excess in hypertensive patients. Helv. med. Acta 35, 55 (1969).
Haller, R.DE, Siegenthaler,P., Muller, A.F.: Influence de I’aldosterone sur la concentration du sodium et du clorure dans la muscoviscidose et chez le sujet normal. Helv. med. Acta 30, 534 (1963).
Luetscher, J.A.: Primary aldosteronism: observations in six cases and review of diagnostic procedures. Medicine (Baltimore) 43, 437 (1964).
Locke, W., Talbot, N. B., Jones, H. S., Worchester, J.: Studies on the combined use of measurements of sweat electrolyte composition and rate of sweating as an index of adrenal cortical activity. J. clin. Invest. 30, 325 (1951).
Richards, P.: Clinical investigation of the effects of adrenal corticosteroid excess on the colon. Lancet 19691, 437. Clinical uses of whole-body counting. IAEA Wien, 1966.
Total Body Potassium
Joyet, G., Baudraz, A.: Self-attenuation and geometry in single-crystal whole-body spectrometry. Application to total potassium measurement in man. Experientia (Basel) 24, 865 (1968).
Added in Proofs
Brown, J.J., Chinn, R.H., Fraser, R., Lever, A. F., Morton, J.J., Robertson, J.I.S., Tree, M., Waite, M.A., Park, D.M.: Recurrent hyperkalaemia due to selective aldosterone deficiency: Correction by angiotensin infusion. Brit. med. J. 19731, 650.
Editorial: Idiopathic edema. Lancet 19721, 1374.
Gill,J.R., JR., Cox,J., Delea,C.S., Bartter, F.C.: Idiopathic edema. II. Pathogenesis of edema in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Amer. J. Med. 52, 452 (1972).
— Waldmann, T. A., Bartter, F.C.: Idiopathic edema. I. The occurrence of hypoalbuminemia and abnormal albumin metabolism in women with unexplained edema. Amer. J. Med. 52, 444(1972).
Keenan1,J., Thompson, J.B., Chamberlain, M. A., Besser, G. M.: Prolonged corticotrophic action of a synthetic substituted ’ ’ACTU. Brit. med. J. 1971 III, 742.
Determination of Exchangeable Potassium and Sodium
Corsa, L., JR., Olney, J. M.,Steenburg, R. W., Ball, M. R., Moore, F. D.: Measurement of exchangeable potassium in man by isotope dilution. J. clin. Invest. 29, 1280 (1950).
Demanet, J. C, Engel, E., Mach, R.S.: Etude du sodium et potassium échangeables par le Naetle K en clinique. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 88, 1180 (1958).
Forbes,G.B., Perley,A.M.: Estimation of total body sodium by isotopic dilution; studies on young aduks. J. clin. Invest. 30, 558 (1951).
Cushing’s Syndrome in Childhood
Editorial: Cushing syndrome in childhood. Lancet 197211, 267.
Fontanellaz, H. P.: Das Cushing-Syndrom im Kindesalter. Helv. paediat. Acta 26, 28 (1971).
Loridan, L., Senior, B.: Cushing’s syndrome in infancy. J. Pediat. 75, 349 (1969).
Mcarthur, R.G., Cloutier, M.D., Hayles, A.B., Sprague, R.G.: Cushing’s disease in children. Findings in 13 cases. Mayo Clin. Proc. 47, 318 (1972).
Raiti, S., Grant, D.B., Williams, D.I., Newns, G.H.: Cushing’s syndrome in childhood: postoperative management. Arch. Dis. Childh. 47, 597 (1972).
Rivarola, M. A., Mendilaharzu, H., Dahl, V., Heinrich, J.J., Spada, R.P., Mora, H., Bergada, C., Cullen, M.: Pitfalls of functional tests for the establishment of the etiology of cushing’s syndrome in childhood and adolescence. J. clin. Endocr. 31, 254 (1970).
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Labhart, A. (1974). Adrenal Cortex. In: Clinical Endocrinology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96158-8_7
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