Skip to main content

Literaturverzeichnis

  • Chapter
Borna Disease Virus

Part of the book series: Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Psychiatrie ((PSYCHIATRIE,volume 89))

  • 29 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literaturverzeichnis

  • Abbott MH, Folstein SE, Abbey H, Pyeritz RE (1987) Psychiatric manifestations of homocystinuria due to cystathionine ß–synthase deficiency. Am J Med Genet 26:959–969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackenheil M, Hofschuster E, Müller N (1991) Cellular immunity and immune genetics in schizophrenia. In: Racagni G, Brunello N, Fukuda T (eds) Biological Psychiatry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 577–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackerknecht EH (1982) Causes and pseudocauses in the history of diseases. In: Stevenson LG (ed) A celebration of medical history. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore London, pp 19–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann R., Nekic M, Jürgens R (1986) Locally synthesized antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AIDS. J Neurol 233:140–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimer A (1910) Die diagnostischen Schwierigkeiten in der Psychiatrie. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Amsterdam JD, Winokur A, Dyson W, Herzog S, Gonzales F, Rott R, Koprowski H (1985) Borna disease virus: a possible etiologic factor in human affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:1093–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RM, May RM (1991) Infectious diseases of humans. Dynamics and control. Oxford University, Oxford New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Angst J (1993) Today’s perspective on Kraepelin’s nosology of endogenous psychoses. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243:164–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anzil AP, Blinzinger K, Mayr A (1973) Persistent Borna virus infection in adult hamsters. Arch Ges Virusforsch 40:52–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auwanit W, Aynthaya PIN, Nakaya T, Fujwara S, Kurata T, Yamanishi K, Ikuta K (1996) Unusually high seroprevalence of Borna disease virus in clade E human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with sexually ransmitted diseases in Thailand. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3:590–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahmani MK, Nowrouzian I, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Hagiwara K, Takahashi H, Rad MA, Ikuta K (1996) Varied prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in Arabic. Thoroughbred and their cross-bred horses in Iran. Virus Res 45:1–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bamborschke S, Huber M, Wullen T, Porr A, Heiß WD (1991) Frühdiagnose der Herpes-simplex-Encephalitis durch Nachweis der Virus–DNA in Liquorzellen mit in situ-Hybridisierung. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 42–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr Ch E, Mednick SA (1991) Prenatal viral infection as an etiological agent in adult schizophrenia: evidence for two models. In: Kurstak E (ed) Psychiatry and biological factors. Plenum, New York London, pp 91–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartzokis G, Garber JG, Griswold VJ, Oldendorf WH, Mintz J, Marder StR (1991) T2 Hyperintense foci on magnetic resonance images of schizophrenic patients and controls. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 40:239–245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer K, Komhuber J (1987) Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in schizophrenic patients. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurosci 236:257–259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer WM, Krappel W (1987) Gehirn. In: Lissner J, Seiderer M (Hrsg) Klinische Kemspintomographie. Enke, Stuttgart, S 137–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Bautista JR, Schwartz GR, De La Torre JC, Moran TH, Carbone KM (1994) Early and persistent abnormalities in rats with nenonatally acquired Borna disease virus infection. Brain Res Bull 34:31–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bautista JR, Rubin SA, Moran TH, Schwartz GJ, Carbone KM (1995) Developmental injury to the cerebellum following perinatal Borna disease virus infection. Developm Brain Res 90:45–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K (1990) Können “endogene” Psychosen Folge von Viruserkrankungen sein? In: Huber G (Hrsg) Idiopathische Psychosen. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, S 75–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K (1993) Infektionskrankheiten des Gehirns. In: Schüttier R (Hrsg) Organische Psychosyndrome. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 149–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K (1995) Research strategies in “slow” infections in psychiatry. Hist Psychiatry 6:503–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K (1998) Virushypothesen der Schizophrenie. Med Welt 49:176–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Fleischer B, Schüttler R, Rott R (1987) Magnetic resonance imaging in psychiatric patients with and without serum antibodies against Borna disease. Nervenarzt 58:617–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Fleischer B, Schüttler R, Rott R (1988) Infektion mit dem Virus der Born’schen Krankheit als Ursache von psychiatrisch relevanten Erkrankungen des Menschen? In: Beckmann H und Laux G (Hrsg) Biologische Psychiatrie, Synopsis 1986/87. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Paris Tokyo, S 196–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R, Rott R (1989) Die Borna’sche Krankheit — wahrscheinlich auch eine menschliche Krankheit: neue Ergebnisse. In: Saletu B (Hrsg) Biologische Psychiatrie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 17–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S (1990) Über Beziehungen der Bornaschen Krankheit zu endogenen Psychosen. In: Kaschka WP, Aschauer HN (Hrsg) Psychoimmunologie. Thieme, Stuttgart New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R, Rott R, Hölle D (1990) Hat das Virus der Borna’sehen Krankheit ätiologische Bedeutung für die Enstehung affektiver Psychosen: In: Lungershausen E, Kaschka WP, Witkowski RJ (Hrsg) Affektive Psychosen. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, S 88–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R (1992a) Case of Neurological and Behavioral Abnormalities: Due to Borna Disease Virus Encephalitis? Psychiatry Res 42:193–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R: Borna Disease Virus (1992b) Possible Causal Agent in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders in Two Families. Psychiatry Res 42:291–294

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R (1992c) Possible significance of Borna disease for humans. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 1:23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Bauer M, Estler HC, Herzog S, Schüttler R, Rott R (1994) Erweiterte Kernspintomographische Untersuchungen bei Borna Disease Virusseropositiven psychiatrischen Patienten und Kontrollen. Nervenarzt 65:169–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Behr W, Schüttler R (1995) Investigations of cerebrospinal fluid in Borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients. Eur Psychiatry 10:250–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schüttler R (1996) Borna Disease Virus — possible cause of human neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 4:45–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Richt JA, Schüttler R (1997) Zur Pathogenität von Bornadisease-Virus für psychiatrische und neurologische Störungen beim Menschen. — Derzeitiger Forschungsstand und kritischer Kommentar. Nervenarzt 68:425–430

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Estler HC, Schüttler R (1998a) Increased Psychiatric comorbidity in Borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr Belg; 98:x-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schreiner V, Wollinsky KH, Schüttler R (1998b) Negative symptoms improved by CSF filtration in a case of recent onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res 29:157

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechter K, Herzog S, Schreiner V, Wollinsky KH, Schüttler R (1998c) Cerebrospinal fluid filtration in a case of schizophrenia related to ‘subclinical’ Borna disease virus encephalitis. In: Müller N (ed) Psychiatry, Psychoneuroimmunology and Viruses. Springer, Wien, in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann H, Jakob H (1991) Prenatal disturbances of nerv cell migration in the entorhinal region: a common vulnerability factor in functional psychoses? J Neur Transm [Gen Sect] 84:155–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann H, Jakob H (1994) Pränatale Entwicklungsstörungen von Himstrukturen bei schizophrenen Psychosen. Nervenarzt 65:454–463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilzer T, Stitz L (1993) Brain cell lesions in Borna disease are mediated by T cells. Arch Virol [Suppl] 7:153–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilzer Th, Stitz L (1994) Immune-mediated brain atrophy. CD8+ T cells contribute to tissue destruction during Borna disease. J Immunol 153:818–823

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binz T, Lebelt J, Niemann H, Hagenau K (1994) Sequence analyses of the p24 gene of Borna disease virus in naturally infected horse, donkey and sheep. Virus Res 34:281–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blennow K, Fredman P, Wallin A, Gottfries CG, Svennerholm L (1993) Confounding factors and reference values for protein analysis in cerebrospinal fluid. In: Felgenhauer K, Holzgraefe M, Prange HW (eds) CNS barriers and modem CSF diagnostics. Centennial of Quincke’s lumbar puncture. VCH, Weinheim New York, pp 381–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode L (1995) Human Infections with Borna Disease Virus and Potential Pathogenic Implications. In: Koprowski H, Lipkin WI (eds) Borna Disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 103–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Ludwig H (1997) Virusinfektionen und psychiatrische Erkrankungen. Z Allg Med 73:621–627

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Riegel S, Ludwig H, Amsterdam JD, Lange W, Koprowski H (1988) Borna disease virus- specific antibodies in patients with HIV-infection and with mental disorders. Lancet 2:689

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Riegel S, Lange W, Ludwig H (1992) Human Infections With Borna Disease Virus: Seroprevalence in Patients With Chronic Diseases and Healthy Individuals. J Med Virol 36:309–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Ferszt R, Czech G (1993) Borna disease virus infection and affective disorders in man. Arch Virol [Suppl] 7:159–167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Dümvald R, Ludwig H (1994a) Borna virus infections in cattle associated with fatal neurological disease. Vet Rec 135:283–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Ferszt R, Severus E, Malaneh A, Berzewski H (1994b) Episodes of major depression correlate with activation of Borna disease virus infection. Abstracts of the XIX C.I.N.P Congress 27.6–1.7.94, Washington DC, USA, pp– 117–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Steinbach F, Ludwig H (1994c) A novel marker for Borna disease virus infection. Lancet 343:297–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Zimmermann W, Ferszt R, Steinbach F, Ludwig H (1995) Borna disease virus genome transcribed and expressed in psychiatric patients. Nature Med 1:232–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Dürrwald R, Rantam FA, Ferszt R, Ludwig H (1996) First isolates of human Borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 1:200–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bode L, Dietrich DE, Stoyloff R, Emrich HM, Ludwig H (1997) Amantadine and human Borna disease virus in vitro and in vivo in an infected patient with bipolar depression. Lancet 349:178–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Böcker F (1991) Psychiatrische Syndrome bei Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Liquordiagnostik, Serologie, Viren und Bakterien, Andere Erreger, Therapie und Prophylaxe. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 416–423

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogerts B (1991) The neuropathology of schizophrenia: pathophysiological and neurodevelopmental implications. In: Mednick SA, Cannon TD, Barr CE, Lyon M (eds) Fetal neural development and adult schizophrenia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 153–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogerts B, Meertz E, Schönfeldt-Bausch R (1985) Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia: a morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:784–791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogerts B, Mednick SA, Cannon TD, Barr CE (1991) Fetal neural development and adult schizophrenia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 153–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonhoeffer K (1917) Die exogenen Reaktionstypen. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 58:58–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Bredthauer D, Blähser S, Herzog S, Frese K, Rott R (1989) Lichtmikroskopisch — immunzytochemische Untersuchungen am Gonadoliberinsystem im Gehirn von Borna Disease Virus infizierten Ratten. Wissenschaftl. Poster, 84. Versammlung der Anatom. Gesellschaft, Ulm

    Google Scholar 

  • Briese T, De La Torre JC, Lewis A, Ludwig H, Lipkin WI (1992) Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:11486–11489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briese T, Schneemann A, Lewis AJ, Park YS, Kim S, Ludwig H, Lipkin S (1994) Genomic organisation of Borna disease virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:4362–4366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briese T, Lipkin WI, De La Torre CH (1995) Molecular Biology of Borna Disease Virus. In: Koprowski H, Lipkin WI (eds) Borna Disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkmeier H, Seewald MJ, Wollinsky KH, Rüdel R (1996) On the nature of endogenous antiexcitatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with demyelinating disease. Muscle Nerve 19:54–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum MS, Rieder RO (1979) Biologic heterogeneity and psychiatric research. Arch Gen Psychiatry 36:1163–1169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bumke O (1928) Ziele, Wege und Grenzen der psychiatrischen Forschung. In: Bumke O (Hrsg) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten. Allgem. Teil I, Bd 1. Springer, Berlin, S 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Bydder G (1990) Demyelinating disease and infection. In: Bradley WG, Bydder G (Hrsg) MRI Atlas of the brain. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köhl, S 182–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon TD, Mednick SA (1990) Genetic and perinatal determinants of structural brain deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:883–889

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplazi P, Waldvogel A, Stitz L, Braun U, Ehrensperger F (1994) Borna disease in naturally infected cattle. J Comp Path 111:65–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone KM, Duchala CS, Griffin JW, Kincaid AL, Narayan O (1987) Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: Evidence that intra-axonal spread is the major route for virus dissemination and the determinant for disease incubation. J Virol 11:3431–3440

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbone KM, Moench TR, Lipkin W (1991) Borna disease virus replicates in astrocytes, Schwann cells and ependymal cells in persistently infected rats: location of viral genomic and messenger RNA’s by in situ hybridizatio. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 50, 3:205–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carson AJ, Sandler R, Owino FN, Matete FOG, Johnstone EC (1998) Psychological morbidity and HIV in Kenya. Acta Psychiatr Scand 97:267–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervós-Navarro J, Roggendorf W, Ludwig H, Stitz H (1981) Die Borna-Krankheit beim Affen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der encephalitischen Reaktion. Verhdlg dt. Ges Pathol 65:208–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua SE, Mc Kenna PJ (1995) Schizophrenia — a brain disease? A critical review of structural and functional cerebral abnormality in the disorder. Br J Psychiatry 166:563–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Compans RW, Meisen LR, De La Torre JC (1994) Virus-like particles in MDCK cells persistently infected with Borna disease virus. Virus Res 33:261–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conrad K (1972) Symptomatische Psychosen. In: Kisker KP, Meyer JE, Müller M, Strömgren C (Hrsg) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart. Teil 2, Bd 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 1–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad AJ, Scheibel AB (1987) Schizophrenia and the hippocampus: The embryological hypothesis extended. Schiz Bull 4:577–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Crow TJ (1984) A re-evaluation of the viral hypothesis. Br J Psychiatry 145:243–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crow TJ (1986) The continuum of psychosis and its implication for the structure of the gene. Br J Psychiatry 149:419–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crow TJ (1991) The virogene hypothesis. Current status. In: Kurstak E (ed) Psychiatry and biological factors. Plenum, New York, pp 9–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Crow TJ (1994) Aetiology of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 7:39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubitt B, de la Torre JC (1994) Borna disease virus (BDV), a nonsegmented RNA virus, replicates in the nuclei of infected cells where infectious BDV ribonucleoproteins are present. J Virol 68:1371–1381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cubitt B, de la Torre JC (1997) Amantadine does not have antiviral activity against Borna disease virus. Arch Virol 142:2035–2042

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cubitt B, Oldstone C, de la Torre JC (1994a) Sequence and genome organization of Borna disease virus. J Virol 68:1382–1396

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cubitt B, Oldstone C, Valcarcel J, de la Torre JC (1994b) RNA splicing contributes to the generation of mature mRNAs of Borna disease virus, a non-sequented negative strand RNA virus. Virus Res 34:69–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czygan M, Hallensleben W, Hofer M, Sauder C, De la Torre JC, Stitz L, Hufert F, Staeheli P, Lieb K (1998) Borna disease virus in post mortem Himgewebe von Patienten mit psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Jahrestagung Gesellschaft für Virologie vom 02.–05.03.1998 in Regensburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalén P, Hays P (1990) Aetiological heterogeneity of schizophrenia: the problem and the evidence. Br J Psychiatry 157:119–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damisio H, Eslinger P, Damisio AR, Rizzo M, Huang HK, Demeter S (1983) Quantitative computed tomography. Analysis in the diagnosis of dementia. Arch Neurol 40:715–719

    Google Scholar 

  • Danner K (1977) Borna disease. Patterns of infection. In ter Meulen V, Katz M (eds) Slow virus infections of the central nervous system. Springer, New York Heidelberg, pp 84–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Danner K (1982) Born-Virus und Born-Infektionen. Vom Miasma zum Modell. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Danner K, Mayr A (1973) Fluoreszenzserologische Untersuchungen über das Auftreten von Born-Virusantigen in Zellkulturen aus Gehirnexplantaten infizierter Kaninchen. Zbl Vet Med 20:497–508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danner K, Heubeck D, Mayr A (1978) In vitro studies on Borna virus. I. The use of cell cultures for the demonstration, titration and production of Borna virus. Arch Virol 57:63–75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre JC (1994) Molecular biology of Borna disease virus: prototype of a new group of animal viruses. J Virol 68:7669–75

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre JC, Carbone KM, Lipkin WI (1990) Molecular characterization of Borna disease agent. Virology 179:853–856

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre JC, Bode L, Dürrwald R, Cubitt B, Ludwig H (1996) Sequence characterization of human Borna disease virus. Virus Res 44:33–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Lisi LE (1987) Viral and immune hypotheses for schizophrenia. In: Meitzer HJ (ed) Psychopharmacology: The third generation of progress. Raven, New York, pp 765–771

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lisi L, Stritze P, Riordan H, Holan V, Kushner M, Boccio A, Eyl O van, Anand A (1991) The timing of morphological brain changes in schizophrenia: Do they progress? In: Racagni G, Brunello N, Fukuda T (eds). Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam London New York, Vol 1, pp 515–519

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lisi LE, Sakuma M, Tew W, Kushner M, Hoff AL, Grimson R (1997) Schizophrenia as a chronic active brain process: a study of progressive brain structural change subsequent to the onset of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 74:129–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzel HA (1959) Spinal fluid changes in patients treated with ataractic drugs. Am J Psychiatry 116:545

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deschl U, Stitz L, Herzog S, Frese K, Rott R (1990) Determination of immune cells and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen in encephalitic lesions of experimental Borna disease. Acta Neuropathol 81:41–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich W, Bode L, Ludwig H, Kao M, Schneider K (1989) Learning deficiencies in Borna Disease Virus — infected but clinically healthy rats. Biol Psychiatry 26:818–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donner EM (1998) Epizootiologische und labordiagnostische Untersuchungen zur Ausscheidung des Virus der Bornaschen Krankheit und zur Antikörperkinetik bei Pferden aus Beständen mit Infektion. Med Diss, LMU München, Tiermedizinische Fakultät

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky B (1995) Fundamental neuroscience and the classification of psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19:511–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Düwel D (1957) Seuchenkarte der Borna’schen Krankheit. Inauguraldissertation, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

    Google Scholar 

  • Eibl-Eibelsfeldt E (1984) Die Biologie des menschlichen Verhaltens. Grundriß der Humanethologie. Piper, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt A, Stefan H, Leipold B, Gmeiner HJ (1991) Liquoruntersuchungen und Serumparameter bei viralen Entzündungen des ZNS. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Liquordiagnostik, Serologie, Viren und Bakterien, Andere Erreger, Therapie und Prophylaxe. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 92–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Esmarch F, Jessen W (1857) Syphilis und Geistesstörung. Allg Z Psychiatr 14:20–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Estler HC (1992) Zur Frage der Hirnatrophien bei psychiatrischen Patienten mit und ohne Serumantikörper gegen den Erreger der Borna–Erkrankung. Med Diss, Universität Ulm

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans WA (1942) An encephalographic ratio estimating ventricular enlargement cerebral atrophy. Arch Neurol 47:931–937

    Google Scholar 

  • Evengard B, Lipkin WI (1997) A known virus in animals is suspected in humans. Borna disease virus has been detected in human neuropathy. Lakartidningen 94:4753–4756

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkai P, Bogerts B, David S, Greve B (1991) Postmortem brain morphology in Schizophrenia: Studies from the new Düsseldorf brain collection. In: Racagni G, Brunello N, Fukuda T (eds) Biol Psychiatry. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam London New York, Vol 1, pp 507–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Fechner J (1955) Die Komplementbindungsreaktion bei experimentell mit Bornvirus infizierten Pferden. Mh Vet Med 10:553–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Felgenhauer K (1982) Differentiation of the humoral immune response in inflammatory diseases. J Neurol 228:223–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felgenhauer K (1988) Prozeßlokalisation, Krankheitsphase und Liquorzusammensetzung. In: Holzgraefe M, Reiber H, Felgenhauer K (Hrsg) Labordiagnostik von Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. perimed, Erlangen, S 84–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Felgenhauer K (1991) Das Konzept der Blut-Liquorschranke und die Bestimmung lokal synthetisierter Antikörper. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Forghani B (1992) Radioimmunoassay systems. In: Lennette EH (ed) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. Dekker, New York Basel, pp 89–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrichs E (1951) Betrachtungen über die Bornsche Krankheit der Einhufer. Berl Münch tierärztl Wschr 64:89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritze J, Deckert J, Lanczik M, Strik W, Struck M, Wodarz N (1992) Zum Stand der Aminhypothesen depressiver Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 63:3–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fröhner E, Zwick W (1944) Kompendium der speziellen Pathologie und Therapie für Tierärzte. Bearbeitet von Wirth D., 8. Aufl. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Frösner G (1983) Epidemiology of Hepatitis A. In: Deinhardt F und Deinhardt J (eds) Viral Hepatitis: Laboratory and Clinical Science. Dekker, New York Basel, pp 201–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu ZF, Weihe E, Zheng YM, Schäfer MKH, Sheng H, Corisdeo S, Rauscher III FJ, Koprowski H, Dietzschold B (1993a) Differential effects of Rabies and Borna disease viruses on immediate — early — and late -response gene expression in brain tissues. J Virol 67:6674–6681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu ZF, Amsterdam JD, Kao M, Shankar V, Koprowski H, Dietzschold B (1993b) Detection of Borna disease virus — reactive antibodies from patients with affective disorders by Westem immunoblot technique. J Affect Dis 27:61–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuywara S, Takahashi H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Iwahashi K, Kazamatsuri H, Iritani S, Kuroki N, Ikeda K, Ikuta K (1997) Microplate hybridization for Borna disease virus RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4:387–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Gajdusek DC (1965) Kuru in New Guinea and the origin of the NINDB study of slow, latent and temperate virus infections of the nervous system of man. In: Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ jr, Alpers M (eds) Slow, latent and temperate virus infections. NINDB 2, pp 3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Gierend M (1982) Zur Pathogenese der Borna’sehen Krankheit beim Kaninchen: Untersuchungen über die zelluläre Immunantwort, die Wirkung von immunsupressiver Behandlung und die Elektroencephalographie (EEG). Inaugural Dissertation, Institut Virologie, Fachbereich Vetmed, FU Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Gies U, Bilzer T, Stitz L, Staiger JF (1998) Disturbance of the cortical cholinergic innervation in Borna disease prior to encephalitis. Brain Pathol 8:39–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Görttler V, Vöhringer K (1954) Die Behandlung der Born’schen Krankheit mit Sulfonamiden. II. Mitteilung. Mh Vet Med 9:245–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg TE, Torrey EF, Berman KF, Weinberger DR (1994) Relations between neuropsychological performance and brain morphological and physiological measures in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res: Neuroimaging 55:51–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Dunia D, Eddleston M, Mackman N, Carbone K, de la Torre JC (1996) Expression of tissue factor is increased in astrocytes within the central Nervous system during persistent infection with Born disease virus. Virology 70:5812–5820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Dunia D, Sauder CH, de la Torre JC (1997) Borna disease virus and the brain. Brain Res Bulletin 44:647–664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Dunia D, Cubitt B, de la Torre JC (1998) Mechanism of Borna disease virus entry into cells. J Virol 72:783–788

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosztonyi G, Ludwig H (1984) Borna disease of horses: An immunohistological and virological study of naturally infected animals. Acta Neuropathol 64:213–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gosztonyi G, Ludwig H (1995) Borna Disease — Neuropathology and Pathogenesis. In: Koprowski H, Lipkin WI (eds) Borna Disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 39–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosztonyi G, Lefert R, Ludwig H (1983) Immunohistological investigations in Borna Disease (BD) virus infected rats. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg (A) 254:161

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabner A, Fischer A (1991) Symptomatologie und Diagnostik der Borna-Encephalitis des Pferdes. Eine Fallanalyse der letzten 13 Jahre. Tierärztl Prax 19:68–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grefe J (1991) Die Vorstellungen zur Ätiologie der Progressiven Paralyse in der Allgemeinen Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie 1844–1913. Inaugural Dissertation, Fakultät Naturwiss. Med., Rupr.-Karls–Universität Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross G, Huber G (1993) Premorbid personality in schizophrenia: the contribution of European long-term studies. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 2:14–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross G, Huber G, Linz M (1989) Zur Frage der symptomatischen Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie. Zbl Neurol 251:323–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Grüner JF (1992) Psychiatrische Erkrankungen bei HIV-Infizierten. Psychiat Prax 19:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas B, Becht H, Rott R (1986) Purification and properties of an intranuclear virus-specific antigen from tissue infected with Borna disease virus. J Gen Virol 67:235–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haase A, Evangelista A, Minnigan H, Maroushek S, Larson A, Retzel E, McFarlin D, Jacobson S, Bartholomew C (1990) The issues of causation and neurotropism in neurological diseases associated with infections by retroviruses. In: Blattner WA (ed) Human Retrovirology: HTLV. Raven, New York, pp 15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Häfner H (1993) What ist schizophrenia? Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 2:36–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Häfner H (1995) Was ist Schizophrenie? In: Häfner H (Hrsg) Was ist Schizophrenie? Fischer, Stuttgart, S 1–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Haga S, Yoshimura M, Motoi Y, Arima K, Aizawa T, Ikuta K (1997a) Detection of Borna disease virus genome in normal human brain tissue. Brain Res 770:307–309

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haga S, Motoi Y, Ikeda K and the Japan Bornavims Study Group (1997b) Borna disease virus and neuropsychiatric disorders. Lancet 350:592–593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara K, Nakaya T, Nakamura J, Asahi S, Takahashi H, Ishihara C, Ikuta K (1996) Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy dairy cattle. Med Microbiol Immunol 185:145–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara K, Momiyama N, Taniyama H, Nakaya T, Trnnoda N, Ishihara C, Ikuta K (1997) Demonstration of Borna disease virus (BDV) in specific regions of the brain from horses positive for serum antibodies to BDV but negative for BDV RNA in the blood and internal organs. Med Microbiol Immunol 186:19–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallensleben W, Zocher M, Staeheli P (1997) Borna disease virus is not sensitive to amantadine. Arch Virol 142:2043–2048

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallensleben W, Schwemmle M, Hausmann J, Stitz L, Volk B, Pagenstecher A, Staeheli P (1998) Borna disease virus-induced neurological disorder in mice: infection of neonates results in immunopathology. J Virol 72:4379–4386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hambrecht M (1994) Schizophrenie: Neue Ergebnisse und Modelle zur Ätiologie. Kongreßbericht. Nervenarzt 65:496–498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson CV (1992) Immunofluorescence and related procedures. In: Lennette EH (ed) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. Dekker, New York Basel, pp 127–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris GJ, Rhew EH, Naga T, Pearlson GD (1991) Userfriendly method for rapid brain and CSF volume calculation using transaxial MRI images. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 40:61–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatalski CG, Lewis AJ, Lipkin WI (1997) Borna disease. Em Infect Dis 3:129–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins CP, McLaughlin JE, Kendall BE, McDonald WI (1993) Pathological findings correlated with MRI in HIV infection. Neuroradiol 35:264–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann G (1984) Anzeigepflichtige Tierseuchen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1950 bis 1983 unter besonderer Darstellung des Zeitabschnittes von 1970 bis 1983 in Zahlen und Grafiken. Parey, Berlin Hamburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimann H (1991) Die Psychiatrie am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. In: Ciompi L, Heimann H (Hrsg) Psychiatrie am Scheideweg. Was bleibt? Was kommt? Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinig A (1964) Zur experimentellen Infektion von Pferden und Schafen mit dem Virus der Bornaschen Krankheit (BK). Arch Exp Vet Med 18:753–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinig A (1969) Die Bornasche Krankheit der Pferde und Schafe. In: Rohrer H (Hrsg) Handbuch der Virusinfektionen bei Tieren. VEB Fischer, Jena, S 83–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmchen H (1988) Methodological and strategical considerations in schizophrenia research. Compr Psychiatry 29:337–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henneberg AE, Ruffert S, Henneberg HJ, Kornhuber HH (1993) Antibodies to brain tissue in sera of schizophrenic patients — preliminary findings. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242:314–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennekens Ch H, Buring JE (1987) Epidemiology in medicine. Little Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Rott R (1980) Replication of Borna disease virus in cell cultures. Med Microbiol Immunol 168:153–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Kompter C, Frese K, Rott R (1984) Replication of Borna disease virus in rats: age-dependent differences in tissue distribution. Med Microbiol Immunol 173:171–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Wonigeit K, Frese K, Hedrich HJ, Rott R (1985) Effect of Borna disease virus infection in athymic rats. J Gen Virol 66:503–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Frese K, Rott R (1991) Studies on the genetic control of resistance of black hooded rats to Borna disease. J Gen Virol 72:535–540

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Frese K, Richt JA, Rott R (1994) Ein Beitrag zur Epizootiologie der Bornaschen Krankheit beim Pferd. Wien Tierärztl Mschr 81:374–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog S, Pfeuffer I, Haberzettl K, Feldmann H, Frese K, Bechter K, Richt JA (1997) Molecular characterization of Borna disease virus from naturally infected animals and possible links to human disorders. Arch Virol [Suppl] 13:183–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewer W, Junker D, Dressing H, Olbrich R (1994) Psychosen bei Encephalitiden unklarer Ätiologie. Nervenarzt 65:163–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff P (1994) Emil Kraepelin und die Psychiatrie als klinische Wissenschaft. Ein Beitrag zum Selbstverständnis psychiatrischer Forschung. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland BA (1987) Diseases of white matter. In: Brant-Zawadzki M, Norman D (eds) Magnetic resonance imaging of central nervous system. Raven, New York, pp 259–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzgraefe M, Reiber H, Felgenhauer K (1988) Labordiagnostik von Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. perimed, Erlangen

    Google Scholar 

  • Horimoto T, Takahashi H, Sakaguchi M, Horikoshi K, Iritani S, Kazamatsuri H, Ikeda K, Tashiro M (1997) A reverse type sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to Borna disease virus. J Clin Microbiol 35:1661–1666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huber G (1955) Zur nosologischen Differenzierung lebensbedrohlicher katatoner Psychosen. Schweiz, Arch Neurol Psychiatric 74:216–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber G (1972) Klinik und Psychopathologie der organischen Psychosen. In: Kisker KP, Meyer JE, Müller M, Strömgren C (Hrsg) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart. Teil 2, Bd 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 71–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber G (1987) Psychiatrie. Systematischer Lehrtext für Studenten und Ärzte. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, 4. Aufl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber G (1990) Idiopathische Psychosen: Psychopathologie-Neurobiologie-Therapie. Zusammenfassung und Schlußwort. In: Huber G (Hrsg) Idiopathische Psychosen. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, S 267–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber G (1992) The phenomenological approach to major psychoses in Europe during the past several decades. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 1:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber G, Gross G, Schüttler R (1979) Schizophrenie. Verlaufs- und sozialpsychiatrische Langzeituntersuchungen an den 1945–1959 in Bonn hospitalisierten Kranken. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckmann MS, Fox J, Topel J (1975) The validity of criteria for the evaluation of cerebral atrophy. Radiology 116:85–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffmann G, Braune JJ (Hrsg) (1991) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek

    Google Scholar 

  • Igata T, Yamaguchi K, Igata-Yi R, Yoshiki K, Takemoto S, Yamasaki H, Matuoka M, Miyakawa T (1998) Dementia and Borna disease virus. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 9:24–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Immich H (1974) Medizinische Statistik. Stuttgart New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Irigoin C, Rodriguez EM, Heinrichs M, Frese K, Herzog S, Oksche A, Rott R (1990) Immunocytochemical study of the subcommissural organ of rats with induced postnatal hydrocephalus. Exp Brain Res 82:384–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwahashi K, Watanabe M, Nakamura K, Suwaki H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi H, Ikuta K (1997) Clinical investigation of the relationship between Borna disease virus (BDV) infection and schizophrenia in 67 patients in Japan. Acta Psychiatr Scand 96:412–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwahashi K, Watanabe M, Nakamura K, Suwaki H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi H, Dcuta K (1998) Positive and negative syndromes, and Borna disease virus infection in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiol 37:59–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jahnel F (1930) Pathologische Anatomie der progressiven Paralyse. In: Bumke O (ed) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten. Spez. Teil 7, Bd. 11. Die Anatomie der Psychosen. Springer, Berlin, S 417–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakob H, Beckmann H (1986) Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics. J Neurol Transm 65:303–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janzarik W (1989) Die nosologische Differenzierung der idiopathischen Psychosen — ein psychiatrischer Sisyphus-Mythos. Nervenarzt 60:86–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jemigan TL, Zisook S, Heaton RK, Noranville JT, Hesselink JR, Braff DL (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in lenticular nuclei and cerebral cortex in Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:881–890

    Google Scholar 

  • Joest E, Degen H (1909) Über eigentümliche Kemeinschlüsse der Ganglienzellen bei der enzootischen Gehim-Rückenmarksentzündung der Pferde. Z Inf Krankh Haustiere 6:348–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Joest E, Degen H (1911) Untersuchungen über die pathologische Histologie, Pathogenese und postmortale Diagnose der seuchenhaften Gehirn-Rückenmarksentzündung (Borna’sche Krankheit) des Pferdes. Z Inf Krankh Haustiere 9:1–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RT (1982) Viral infections of the nervous system. Raven, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone EC (1994) Searching for the causes of schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones P, Murray RM (1991) The genetics of schizophrenia is the genetics of neurodevelopment. Br J Psychiatry 158:615–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao M, Gosztonyi G, Ludwig H (1983) Obesity syndrome in Borna disease virus infected rats. Zentrbl Bakt Mikrobiol Hyg A 255:173

    Google Scholar 

  • Kao M, Hamir AN, Rupprecht CE, Fu ZF, Shankar V, Koprowski H, Dietzschold B (1993) Detection of antibodies against Borna disease virus in sera and cerebrospinal fluid of horses in the USA. Vet Rec 132:241–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson JL (1994) Century of schizophrenia genetics — a review. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 2:135–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaschka WP (1990) Die Virnshypothese der endogenen Psychosen — sinnvoller Forschungsansatz oder Fiktion? In: Kaschka WP, Aschauer HN (Hrsg) Psychoimmunologie. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 142–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy PGE, Johnson RT (1987) Infections of the nervous system. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  • King DJ, Cooper SJ (1989) Virnses, immunity and mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry 154:1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishi M, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Kakinuma M, Takahashi TA, Sekiguchi S, Uchikawa M, Tadokoro K, Ikeda K, Ikuta K (1995) Prevalence of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood donors. Med Microbiol Immunol 184:135–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishi M, Arimura J, Ikuta K, Shoya J, Lai PK, Kakinuma M (1996) Sequence variability of Borna disease virus open reading frame II found in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Virol 70:635–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchin W, Cohen-Cole SA, Mickel SF (1987) Adrenoleukodystrophy: frequency of presentation as a psychiatric disorder. Biol Psychiatry 22:1375–1387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitze B, Herzog S, Rieckmann P, Poser S, Richt JA (1996) No evidence of Borna disease virus specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients in Germany. Neurology 234:660–661

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight J, Knight A, Ungvari G (1992) Can autoimmune mechanisms account for the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia? Br J Psychiatry 160:533–540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Körber R, Huffmann G (1991) Gibt es Encephalitiden ohne entzündliche Liquorveränderungen? In: Hufftnann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 262–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler J, Heilmeyer H, Volk B (1988a) Multiple sclerosis presenting as chronic atypical psychosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 51:281–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler J, Kern U, Kasper B, Rehse-Küpper B, Thoden U (1988b) Chronic central nervous system involvement in Lyme borreliosis. Neurology 38:863–867

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komhuber J, Weller M (1994) Aktueller Stand der biochemischen H)T)othesen zur Pathogenese der Schizophrenien. Nervenarzt 65:741–754

    Google Scholar 

  • Krey HF, Stitz L, Ludwig H (1982) Virus-induced pigment epithelitis in rhesus monkeys. Clinical and histological findings. Ophthalmologica 185:205–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurstak E (ed) (1991) Psychiatry and biological factors. Plenum, New York London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lander ES (1988) Splitting Schizophrenia. Nature 336:105–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lange H, Herzog S, Herbst W, Schliesser T (1987) Seroepidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Borna’schen Krankheit (Ansteckende Gehirn Rückenmarksentzündung) der Pferde. Tierärztl Umschau 42:938–946

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee HH, Canavaggio M, Burczak JD (1992) Immunoblotting. In: Lennette EH (ed) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. 2nd ed revised and expanded. Dekker, New York Basel Hongkong, pp 195–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Libikova H (1983) Schizophrenia and viruses: principles of etiologic studies. In: Morozov PV (ed) Advances in Biological Psychiatry. Karger, Basel, 12:20–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Liddle P (1993) The psychomotor disorders: disorders of the supervisory mental process. Behav Neurol 6:5–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Liddle PF (1994) Neurobiology of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 7:43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieb K, Hallensleben W, Czygan M, Stitz L, Staeheli P, and the Bornavirus Study Group (1997a) No Borna disease virus specific RNA detected in blood from psychiatric patients in different regions of Germany. Lancet 350: 1002

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieb K, Hufert FT, Bechter K, Bauer J, Kornhuber J (1997b) Depression, Borna disease, and amantadine. Lancet 349:958

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman JA, Sobel SN (1993) Predictors of treatment response and course of schizophrenia. Curr Op Psychiatry 6:63–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipkin W, Battenberg ELF, Bloom FE, Oldstone MBA (1988a) Viral infection of neurons can depress neurotransmitter mRNA levels without histologic injury. Brain Res 451:333–339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipkin W, Carbone KM, Wilson MC, Duchala CS, Narayan O, Oldstone MBA (1988b) Neurotransmitter abnormalities in Borna disease. Brain Res 475:366–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipkin WJ, Travis GH, Carbone KM, Wilson MC (1990) Isolation and characterization of Borna disease agent cDNA clones. Proc Natl Sci USA 87:4184–4188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz K (1973) Die Rückseite des Spiegels. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte menschlichen Erkennens. Piper, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubahn DB, Silverman LM (1984) A rapid silver-stain procedure for use with routine electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid on agarose gel. Clin Chem 10:1689–1691

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Becht H (1977) Borna, the disease — a summary of our present knowledge. In: ter Meulen V, Katz M (eds) Slow virus infections of the central nervons system. Springer, New York Heidelberg, pp 75–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Bode L (1997) The neuropathogenesis of Borna disease virus infectious. Intervirology 40:185–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Thein P (1977) Demonstration of specific antibodies in the central nervous system of horses naturally infected with Borna disease virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 163:215–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Koester V, Pauli G, Rott R (1977) The cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits infected with Borna disease virus. Arch Virol 55:209–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Bode L, Gosztonyi G (1988) Borna disease: A persistent virus infection of the central nervous system. Prog Med Virol 35:107–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig H, Furuya K, Bode L, Klein N, Dünwald R, Lee DS (1993) Biology and neurobiology of Borna disease viruses (BDV), defined by antibodies, neutralizability und their pathogenic potential. Arch Virol [Suppl] 7:111–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lüer W, Poser S, Weber T, Jürgens S, Eichenlaub D, Pohle HD, Felgenhauer K (1988) Chronic HIV Encephalitis-I. Cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis. Klin Wochenschr 66:21–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundgren AL, Czech G, Bode L, Ludwig H (1993) Natural Borna disease in domestric animals others than horses and sheep. J Vet Med B40:298–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier W (1993) Editoral. Genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243:119–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier W (1996) Best-Estimate-Diagnose: Rationale, Reliabilität und Validität. In: Saß H (Hrsg) Pschopathologische Methoden und psychiatrische Forschung. Fischer, Jena Stuttgart, S 117–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkinson M, Weisman Y, Ashash E, Bode L, Ludwig H (1993) Borna disease inostriches. Vet Rec 133:304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann K, Bartels M (1992) Was erwartet der Psychiater von der Kemspintomographie und -Spektroskopie? Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 60:308–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthias D (1954) Der Nachweis von latent infizierten Pferden, Schafen und Rindenr und deren Bedeutung als Virusreservoir bei der Bornaschen Krankheit. Arch Exp Vet Med 8:506–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr A, Danner K (1972) Production of Borna virus in tissue culture. Proc Soc exp Biol Med 140:511–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr A, Danner K (1978) Borna — a slow virus disease. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis 1:3–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr E (1991) One long argument. Charles Darwin and the genesis of modern evolutionary thought. Harvard University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc Clure MA, Thibault KJ, Hatalski CG, Lipkin WI (1992) Sequence similarity between Borna disease virus p 40 and a duplicated domain within the Paramyxovirus and Rhabdovirus polymerase protein. J Virol 66, 11:6572–6577

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mc Donald WM, Krishnan KRR, Doraiswang PM, Blazer DG (1991) Occurrence of subcortical hyperintensities in elderly subjects with mania. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 40:211–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mc Donald WM, Krishnan KRR (1992) Magnetic Resonance in patients with affective illness. Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci 241:283–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mc Guire MT, Marks I, Nesse RM, Troisi A (1992) Evolutionary biology: A basic science for psychiatry? Acta Psychiatr Scand 86:89–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meese W, Grumme T, Hopfenmüller K (1980) CT evaluation of CSF spaces of healthy persons. Neuroradiology 19:131–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menninger KA (1926) Influenza und Schizophrenia. An analysis of postinfluenzal “dementia praecox” as of 1918 and five years later. Am J Psychiatry 5:469–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Meulen ter V, Carter MJ, Wege H, Watanabe R (1984) Mechanisms and consequences of virus persistence in the human nervous system. Ann NY Acad Sci 436:86–97

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Modell S, Kurtz G, Müller-Spahn F, Schmölz E (1993) Secondary psychotic symptoms in a patient with biphasis meningo-encephalitis. Europ Psychiatry 8:325–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Morales JA, Herzog S, Kompter C, Frese K, Rott R (1988) Axonal transport of Borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats. Med Microbiol Immunol 177:51–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller N (1992) Psychoneuroimmunologische Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit endogenen Psychosen. Habilitationsschrift Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller N, Ackenheil M, Hofschuster E, Mempel W, Eckstein R (1991) Cellular immunity in schizophrenic patients before and during neuroleptic treatment. Psychiatry Res 37:147–160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naber D (1990) Psychiatrische Auffälligkeiten im Verlauf der HIV-Infektion. In: Kaschka WP, Aschauer HN (Hrsg) Psychoimmunologie. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 179–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber D (1993) AIDS und ZNS. In: Schüttler R (Hrsg) Organische Psychosyndrome. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 119–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair TR, Christensen JD, Kingsbury SJ, Kumar NG, Terry WM, Garver DL (1997) Progression of cerebroventricular enlargement and the subtyping of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging Section 74:141–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya T, Takahashi H, Nakamura Y, Asahi S, Tobiume M, Kuratsune H, Kitani T, Yamanishi K, Ikuta K (1996) Demonstration of Borna disease virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from Japanese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. FEBS Letters 378:145–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya T, Kuratsune H, Kitani T, Ikuta K (1997) Demonstration on Borna disease virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Nippon Rinsho 55:3064–3071

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan O, Herzog S, Frese K, Scheefers H, Rott R (1983a) Behavioral disease in rats caused by immunopathological responses to persistent Borna virus in the brain. Science 220:1401–1402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan O, Herzog S, Frese K, Scheefers H, Rott R (1983b) Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: Immune-mediated viral opthalmoencephalopathy causing blindness and behavioral abnormalities. J Infect Dis 148:305–315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netzer F (1952) Vorkommen, Verbreitung, Ätiologie und Klinik der Borna’schen Krankheit im Landkreis Pfaffenhofen a.d. Ilm in den Jahren 1950– 1952. Inaugural Dissertation, Tierärztl. Fakultät, Ludw.-Maxim.-Universität München

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumärker KJ (1989) Karl Bonhoeffer und die Stellung der symptomatischen Psychosen — Organische Psychosen — in Klinik und Forschung. Nervenarzt 60:593–602

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neumärker KJ, Dudeck U, Plaza P (1989) Borrelien-Encephalitis und Katatonie im Jugendalter. Nervenarzt 60:115–119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann B, Grefe U, Mäder M (1993) The immunoblot in CSF diagnostics. In: Felgenhauer K, Holzgraefe M, Prange HW (eds) CNS barriers and modem CSF diagnostics. VCH, Weinheim New York Basel, pp 318–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Notkins AL, Oldstone MBA (eds) (1984) Concepts in viral pathogenesis. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Callaghan E, Sham C, Takei N, Murray G, Glover G, Hare EH, Murray RM (1994) The relationship of schizophrenic births to 16 infectious diseases. Br J Psychiatry 165:353–356

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oepen G, Deschl G, Hermle L, Kohler J (1987) Schizophrene Psychose bei der Borrelien-Encephalitis. Psycho 13:363–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Oldach D, Zink MC, Pyper JM, Herzog S, Rott R, Narayan O, Clements JE (1995) Induction of protection against Borna disease by inoculation with high-dose-attenuated Borna disease virus. Virology 206:426–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldstone MBA (1987) Molecular anatomy of viral disease. Neurology 37:453–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oldstone MBA (1990) Viruses can cause disease in the absence of morphologic evidence of cell injury: pathology in the absence of cell lysis-implication for pathologist’s future study of disease. In: Cancilla PA and Vogel F St (eds) Neuropathology. Williams, New York, 32:123–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson T, Kostulas V, Link H (1984) Improved detection of oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing in agarose, double-antibody peroxidase labeling and avidin-biotin amplification. Clin Chem 7:1246–1249

    Google Scholar 

  • Oschmann P, Wellensiek HJ, Dorndorf W, Pflughaupt KW (1997) Intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in neuroborreliosis: comparison of immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay. J Laboratory Med x-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxenstierna G, Bergstrand G, Edman G, Flyckt L, Nybäck H, Sedvall G (1996) Increased frequency of aberrant CSF circulation in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy volunteers. Eur Psychiatry 11:16–20

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey R, Gupta A, Chaturvedi V (1981) Autoimmune model of schizophrenia with special reference to antibrain antibodies. Biol Psychiatry 16: 1123–

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parshall AM, Priest RG (1993) Nosology, taxonomy and the classification conundrum of the functional psychoses. Br J Psychiatry 162:227–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauels FJ (1990 und 1992) Statistik der Entschädigungsleistungen der Bayerischen Tierseuchenkasse für Verluste durch die Bornasche Krankheit von 1968–1992. Persönliche Mittteilung

    Google Scholar 

  • Pert CB, Knight JG, Laing P, Markwell MAK (1988) Scenarios for a viral etiology of schizophrenia. Schiz Bull 2:243–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters UH, Karenberg A, Diederich N (1989) “Symptomatische Manien” bei HIV-Infektion. Psychiatr Prax 16:91–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pette H, Kömyey St (1935) Über die Pathogenese und die Pathologie der Bornaschen Krankheit im Tierexperiment. Dt Z Nervenheilk 136:20–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Pichot P (1994) Nosological models in psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 164:232–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitts AF, Brendan TC, Gehris TL, Kathol RG, Samuleson SD (1990) Elevated CSF protein in male patients with depression. Biol Psychiatry 28:629–637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Planz O, Bilzer T, Sobbe M, Stitz L (1993) Lysis of MHC class I bearing cells in Borna disease virus-induced degenerative encephalopathy. J Exp Med 178:163–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plotz P (1983) Autoantibodies are anti-idiotype antibodies to antiviral antibodies. Lancet 2:824

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongratz D, Spatz RB (1984) Infetiös-entzündliche Erkrankungen. In: Bemsmeier A, Schrader A, Struppler A (Hrsg) Bodechtel. Differentialdiagnosen neurologischer Krankheitsbilder. 4. neu bearb. u. erw. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, 3.1–3.28

    Google Scholar 

  • Praag van HM, Kahn RS, Asnis GM, Wetzler S, Brown SL, Bleich A, Korn ML (1987) Denosologization of biological psychiatry or the specificity of 5-HT disturbances in psychiatric disorders. J Affect Dis 13:1–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prange HW, Ritter G (1986) Die spezifische Antikörperaktivität als Marker für erregerstimulierte lokale Immunantwort im ZNS. Dargestellt am Beispiel von Syphilis- und Zoster-Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 57:14–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prange HW, Moskophidis M, Schipper H, Müller F (1983) Relationship between neurological features and intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to Treponema pallidum in untreated and treated human neurosyphilis. J Neurol 230:241–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preskom SH, Hartmann BK, Irwin GH, Hughes CW (1982) Role of the central adrenergic system in mediating amitriyptyline — induced alteration in mammalian blood-brain barrier in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 223:388–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Propping P (1983) Genetic disorders presenting as “schizophrenia”. Karl Bonhoeffer’s early view of the psychoses in the light of medical genetics. Hum Genet 65:1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Propping P (1989) Psychiatrische Genetik. Befunde und Konzepte. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Propping P, Nöthen MM, Kömer J, Rietschel M, Maier W (1994) Assoziationsuntersuchungen bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 65:725–740

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pyper MJ (1995) Does Borna disease virus infect humans? Nature Med 1:209–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pyper JM, Clements JE (1994) Partial purification and characterization of Borna disease virions released from infected neuroblastoma cells. Virology 201:380–382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pyper JM, Richt JA, Brown L, Rott R, Narayan O, Clements JE (1993) Genomic organization of the structural protems of Borna disease virus revealed by cDNA clone encoding the 38 kDa protein. Virology 195:229–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quitkin F, Rifkin A, Klein DF (1976) Neurologic soft signs in schizophrenia and character disorders. Organicity in schizophrenia with premorbid asociality and emotionally unstable character disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:845–853

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H (1980) The discrimination between different blood — CSF barrier dysfunctions and inflammatory reactions to the CNS by a recent evaluation graph for the protein profile of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol 224:89–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H (1988a) Aktuelle Methoden der Liquoranalytik. Labormedizm 12:101–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H (1988b) Untersuchungen des Liquors zur Diagnose neurologischer Erkrankungen. In: Holzgraefe M, Reiber H, Felgenhauer K (Hrsg) Labordiagnostik von Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. perimed, Erlangen, S 35–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H (1993) Decreased flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as origin of the pathological increase of protein concentration in CSF. In: Felgenhauer K, Holzgraefe M, Prange HW (eds) CNS barriers and modem CSF diagnostics. Centennial of Quincke’s lumbar puncture. VCH, Weinheim New York, pp 305–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H, Felgenhauer K (1987) Protein transfer at the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the quantitation of the humoral immune response within the central nervous system. Clin Chim Acta 163:319–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds EH (1990) Structure and function in neurology and psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 157:481–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice JP (1993) Phenotype definition for genetic studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243:158–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt AJ, Stitz L (1992) Borna disease virus-infected astrocytes function in vitro as antigen — presenting and target cells for virus — specific CD4-bearing lymphocytes. Arch Virol 124:95–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt J, Stitz L, Deschl U, Frese K, Rott R (1990) Borna disease virus-induced meningoencephalitis caused by a virus-specific CD4+ T cell-mediated immune reaction. J Gen Virol 71:2565–2573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richt J, Vande Woude S, Zine M, Narayan D, Clements J (1991) Analysis of Borna disease virus-specific RNA’s in infected cells and tissues. J Gen Virol 72:2251–2255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Herzog S, Haberzettl K, Rott R (1993a) Demonstration of Borna disease virus-specific RNA in secretions of naturally infected horses by the polymerase chain reaction. Med Microbiol Immunol 182:293–304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Herzog S, Pyper J, Clements JE, Narayan O, Bechter K, Rott R (1993b) Borna disease virus: nature of the etiologic agent and significance of infection in man. Arch Virol [Suppl] 7:101–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Herzog S, Rott R, Oldach D, Pyper JM, Clements JE, Narayan O (1994a) Molecular biology and neuropathogenesis of Borna disease virus. In: McKendall RR, Stroop WG (eds) Handbook of neurovirology. Dekker, New York Basel, pp 679–686

    Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Schmeel A, Frese K, Carbone KM, Narayan O, Rott R (1994b) Borna disease virus-specific T cells protect against or cause immunopathological disease. J Exp Med 179:1467–1473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Pfeuffer I, Christ M, Frese K, Bechter K, Herzog S (1997a) Borna disease virus infection in animals and humans. Em Infect Dis 3:343–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richt JA, Alexander RC, Herzog S, Hooper DC, Kean R, Spitsin S, Bechter K, Schüttler, Feldmann H, Heiske A, Fu ZF, Dietzschold B, Rott R, Koprowski H (1997b) Failure to detect Borna disease virus infection in peripheral blood leukocytes from humans with psychiatric disorders. J Neurovirol 3:174–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risch N, Merikangas KR (1993) Linkage studies of psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243:143–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter G, Prange HW (1987) Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie der Neurosyphilis. Nervenarzt 58:265–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roggendorf W, Sasaki S, Ludwig H (1983) Light microscope and immunohistological investigations on the brain of Borna disease virus-infected rabbits. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 9:287–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roos PR, Davis K, Meitzer HY (1985) Immunoglobulin studies in patients with psychiatric diseases. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:124–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rorie GA (1901) Post-influenzal insanity in the Cumberland and Westmoreland asylum with statistics of sixty-eight cases. J Ment Sci 47:317–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross CA, Mc Innis MG, Margolis RL, Li S-H (1993) Genes with triplet repeats: candidate mediators of neuropsychiatric disorders: Trens Neurosci 16:254–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman KJ (1986) Modem Epidemiology. Little Brown, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Rott R and Becht H (1995) Natural and Experimental Borna Disease in Animals. In: Koprowski H, Lipkin WI (eds) Borna Disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 17–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Frese K (1983) Some pathogenetic aspects of Borna disease. In: Behan PO, ter Meulen V, Rose FC (eds) Immunology of Nervous System Infections. Progr Brain Res, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 59:269–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Herzog S, Fleischer B, Winokur A, Amsterdam J, Dyson W, Koprowski H (1985) Detection of semm-antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. Science 228:755–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Herzog S, Richt J, Stitz L (1988) Immune-mediated pathogenesis of Borna disease. Zbl Bakt Hyg A 270:295–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Herzog S, Bechter K, Frese K (1991) Borna Disease, a possible hazard for man? Arch Virol 118:143–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott O, Herzog S, Cash E (1993) T cell memory specific for self and non-self antigens in rats persistently infected with Borna disease virus. Clin Exp Immunol 93:370–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royston MC, Lewis SW (1993) Brain pathology in schizophrenia: developmental or degenerative? Curr Op Psychiatry 6:70–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin SA, Waltrip II RW, Bautista JR, Carbone KM (1993) Borna disease virus in mice: host specific differences in disease expression. J Virol 67:548–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs L (1984) Angewandte Statistik. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Salvatore M, Morzunow S, Schwemmle M, Lipkin WI and the Bornavirus Study Group (1997) Borna disease virus in brains of North American and European people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet 349:1813–1814

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson SD, Winokur G, Pitts AF (1994) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein in men with unipolar or bipolar depression. Biol Psychiatry 35:539–544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki S, Ludwig H (1993) In Borna disease virus infected rabbit neurons 100nm particle stmctures accumulate at areas of Joest-Degen inclusion bodies. Zentralbl Vet Med B 40:291–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saß H (1987) Die Krise der psychiatrischen Diagnostik. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 55:355–360

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sauder C, Müller A, Cubitt B, Mayer J, Steinmetz J, Trabert W, Ziegler B, Wanke K, Mueller-Lantzsch N, De la Torre JC, Grässer FA (1996) Detection of Borna Disease Virus (BDV) Antibodies and BDV RNA in Psychiatric Patients: Evidence for High Sequence Conservation of Human Blood-Derived BDV RNA. J Virol 70:7713–7724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saur J (in Vorbereitung) Ein Vergleich der Symptomatik bei Patienten mit Suchterkrankungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen und neurotischen Entwicklungen mit und ohne Serumantikörper gegen Borna Disease Vims. Dissertation, Med. Fakultät, Universität Ulm (in Vorbereitung)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scadding G (1993) Nosology, taxonomy and the classification conundrum of the functional psychoses. Comment. Br J Psychiatry 162:237–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Schädler R, Diringer H, Ludwig H (1985) Isolation and characterization of a 14 500 molecular weight protein from brains and tissue cultures persistently infected with Borna disease virus. J Gen Virol 66:2479–2484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheid W (1972) Die psychischen Störungen bei Infektionskrankheiten. In: Kisker KP, Meyer JE, Müller M, Strömgren C (Hrsg) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2:219–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheid W (1980) Lehrbuch der Neurologie. 4. neubearb. un. erw. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheid A (1991) Serologie der speziellen Virusinfektionen. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 246–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt J (1912) Untersuchungen über das klinische Verhalten der seuchenhaften Gehirn- und Rückenmarksentzündungen (Borna’schen Krankheit) des Pferdes nebst Angaben über diesbezügliche therapeutische Versuche. Berl tierärztl Wochenschr 28:581–586 und 597–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt RM (1987) Der Liquor cerebrospinalis. Untersuchungsmethoden und Diagnostik. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneemann A, Schneider PA, Kim S, Lipkin WI (1994) Identification of signal sequences that control transcription of Borna disease virus, a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus. J Virol 68:6514–6522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneemann A, Schneider PA, Lamb RA, Lipkin WI (1995) The remarkable coding strategy of Borna disease virus: a new member of the non segmented negative strand RNA viruses. Virology 210:1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider K (1980) Klinische Psychopathologie. 12. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider PA, Schneemann A, Lipkin WJ (1994) RNA Splicing in Borna disease virus, a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus. J Virol 68:5007–5012

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider PA, Schwemmle M, Lipkin WI (1997) Implication of a cis-acting element in the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced Borna disease virus RNAs. J Virol 71:8940–8945

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schott K, Batra A, Klein R, Bartels M, Koch W, Berg PA (1992) Antibodies against serotonin and gangliosides in schizophrenia and major depressive disorders. 7:209–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüttler R (1987) Psychiatrische Vorlesungen. Zuckschwerdt, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifried O, Spatz H (1930) Die Ausbreitung der encephalitischen Reaktion bei der Borna’schen Krankheit der Pferde und deren Beziehungen zu der Encephalitis epidemica, der Heine-Medinschen Krankheit und der Lyssa des Menschen. Eine vergleichend-pathologische Studie. Zentralbl Neurol 124:317–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Selten JP, van Loon AM, van Vliet K, Pleyte W, Hock HW, Kahn RS (1998) Borna disease virus in Caribbean immigrants to the Netherlands, diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res (special issue) 29:19

    Google Scholar 

  • Shadduck JA, Danner K, Dahme E (1970) Fluoreszenzserologische Untersuchungen über Auftreten und Lokalisation von Borna-Virusantigen in Gehiruen experimentell infizierter Kaninchen. Zbl Vet Med 1:494–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma T, Murray RM (1993) Aetiological theories in Schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 6:80–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Shima S, Jano K, Sugiura M, Tokunega J (1991) Anticerebral antibodies in functional psychoses. Biol Psychiatry 29:322–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiwach R (1994) Psychopathology in Huntington’s disease patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 90:241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoya J, Kobayashi T, Koda T, Lai PK, Tanaka H, Koyama T, Ikuta K, Kakinuma M, Kishi M (1997) Amplification of a full length Borna disease virus (BDV) cDNA from total RNA of cells persistently infected with BDV. Microbiol Immunol 41:481–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra-Honigmann AM, Carbone KM, Yolken RH (1995) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) search for viral nucleic acid sequences in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 166:55–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson GM, Cooper TB (1966) The effect of phenothiazines on cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Neuropsychiatry 66:223–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirota P, Firer MA, Schild K, Tanay A, Elizur A, Meytes D, Slor H (1993) Autoantibodies to DNA in multicase families with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 33:450–455

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J (1958) Spinal fluid changes during chlorpromazine therapy. Am J Psychiatry 115:167–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig MV, Koob GF, Fallon JH, Lipkin WI (1994) Tardive dyskinetic syndrome in rats infected with Borna disease virus. Neurobiol Dis 1:111–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig MV, Fallon JH, Lipkin WI (1995) Behavioral Disturbances and Pharmacology of Borna Disease. In: Koprowski H, Lipkin WI (eds) Borna disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 93–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig MV, Koob GF, Joyce JN, Lipkin WI (1996a) A neural substrate of hyperactivity in Borna disease: changes m brain dopamine receptors. Virology 222:332–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig MV, Koob GF, Fallon JH, Reid S, Lipkin WI (1996b) Prefrontal cortex dysfunction in Borna disease virus (BDV) — infected rats. Biol Psychiatry 40:629–633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig MV, Koob GF, Lipkin WI (1996c) Naloxone — induced seizures in rats infected with Borna disease virus. Neurology 46:1170–1171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spatz H (1930) Encephalitis. In: Bumke O (Hrsg) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten. Spezieller Teil 7, Die Anatomie der Psychosen. Bd. 11. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 217–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielmeyer W (1925) Über Versuche der anatomischen Paralyseforschung zur Lösung klinischer und grundsätzlicher Fragen. Zschr ges Neurol Psych 97:287–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielmeyer W (1930) Zur Einfuhrung. Die anatomische Krankheitsforschimg in der Psychiatrie. In: Bumke O (Hrsg) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten: Die Anatomie der Psychosen. Spez. Teil VII, Bd 10. Springer, Berim, S 1–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Spivak B, Radwan M, Brandon J, Molcho A, Ohring R, Tyano S, Weizman A (1991) Cold agglutinin autoantibodies in psychatric patients: their relation to diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. Am J Psychiatry 148:244–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprankel H, Richarz K, Ludwig H, Rott R (1978) Behavior alterations in tree shrews (tupaia glis, Diard 1820) induced by Borna disease virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 165:1–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprockhoff H v (1954) Untersuchungen über die Komplementbindungsreaktion bei der Borna’schen Krankheit. Zbl Vet Med 1:494–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Starace F, Baldassarre C, Biancolilli V, Fea M, Serpelloni G, Bartoli L, Maj M (1998) Early neuropsychological impairment in HIV-seropositive intravenous drug users: evidence from the Italian Multicentre Neuropsychological HIV Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 97:132–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stark DD, Bradley WG Jr (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging. Vol. 1, 2nd, Morley Year Book, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens JR (1992) Abnormal reinnervation as a basis for schizophrenia: a hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:238–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Krey HF, Ludwig H (1980) Borna disease in rhesus monkeys as a model for uveo-cerebral symptoms. J med Virol 6:333–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Soeder S, Deschl U, Frese K, Rott R (1989) Inhibition of immune-mediated meningoencephalitis in persistently Borna disease virus-infected rats by Cyclosporin A. J Immunol 143:4250–4256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Schilken D, Frese K (1991) Atypical dissemination of the highly neurotropic Borna disease virus during persistent infection of cyclosporin-Atreated, immunosuppressed rats. J Virol 65:457–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Bilzer T, Richt JA, Rott R (1993) Pathogenesis of Borna disease. Arch Virol [Suppl] 7:135–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Rott R (1994) Borna disease virus. In: Webster RG, Granoff A (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. Academic Press, New York, pp 149–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Stitz L, Planz O, Bilzer T (1998) Lack of antiviral effect of amantadine in Borna disease virus infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 186:195–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stöber G, Franzek E, Beckmann H (1992) The role of maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy in the etiology of schizophrenia in the offspring. Eur Psychiatry 7:147–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren E (1987) Contributions of genetic studies on schizophrenia. In: Hafner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W (eds) Search for the causes of schizophrenia. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 171–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Strongin W (1992) Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of diagnostic tests: definitions and clinical applications. In: Lennette EH (ed) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections 2nd ed, revised and expandet. Dekker, New York, pp 211–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H, Nakaya T, Nakamura Y, Asahi S, Onishi Y, Ikebuchi K, Takahashi TA, Katoh T, Sekuguchi S, Takazawa M, Tanaka H, Ikuta K (1997) Higher prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in blood donors living near thoroughbred horse farms. J Med Virol 32:330–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiedemann N, Presak P, Rott R, Stitz L (1992) Antigenic relationship and further characerization of two major Borna disease virus-specific proteins. J Gen Virol 73:1057–1064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thierer J, Riehle H, Grebenstein O, Binz Th, Herzog S, Thiedemann N, Stitz L, Rott R, Lottspeich F, Niemann H (1992) The 24K protein of Borna disease virus. J Gen Virol 73:413–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrey EF (1986) Functional psychoses and viral encephalitis. Integr Psychiatry 4:224–236 including commentaries

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey EF, Peterson M (1976) The viral hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schiz Bull 1:136–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey EF, Kaufmann CA (1986) Schizophrenia and neuroviruses. In: Nasrallah HA (ed) Handbook of Schizophrenia. Vol 1. Nasrallah HA, Weinberger D (eds) The neurology of schizophrenia. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 361–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey EF, Bowler AE, Taylor EH, Gottesman II (1994) Schizophrenia and manic-depressive disorder. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Tourtellotte WW (1987) Cerebrospinal fluid profile indicative of clinical definite multiple sclerosis: a proposal, facts, issues, opportunities and perspectives. In: Thompson FJ (ed) Advances in CSF protein research and diagnosis. MTP, Lancaster, pp 17–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Treisman G, King J, Lyketsos C, Fishman M (1994) Neuropsychiatry and HIV infection. Curr Opin Psychiatry 7:102–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuang MT, Lyons M, Faraone SV (1990) Heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Conceptual models and analytic strategies. Br J Psychiatry 156:17–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Lyons MJ (1993) Identification of the phenotype in psychiatric genetics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 243:131–142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ullmann H, Kühn J (1988) Varicella-Zoster virus infection of the CNS with symptoms resembling cardiophobia or schizophrenia. Nervenarzt 59:113–117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ur E, White PD, Grossman A (1992) Hypothesis: Cytokines may be activated to cause depressive illness and chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 241:317–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vande Woude S, Richt JA, Zink MC, Rott R, Narayan O, Clements JE (1990) A Borna Virus cDNA encoding a protein recognized by antibodies in humans with behavioral diseases. Science 250:1278–1281

    Google Scholar 

  • van Os J, Wright P, Murray RM (1997) Follow-up studies of schizophrenia I: Natural history and non-psychopathological predictors of outcome. Eur Psychiatry [Suppl5] 12:327s–341s

    Google Scholar 

  • Villemain F, Chatenoud L, Galinowski A, Homo-Delarche F, Ginestet D, Loo H, Zarifian E, Bach JF (1989) Aberrant T Cell-mediated immunity in untreated schizophrenic patients: deficient interleukin-2 production. Am J Psychiatry 146:609–616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner K, Ludwig H, Paulsen J (1968) Fluoreszenzserologischer Nachweis von Borna-Vims-Antigen. Berl Münch Tierärztl Wschr 81:395–396

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waltrip RW, Carrigan DR, Carpenter WT (1990) Immunopathology and viral reactivation: a general theory of schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:729–738

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waltrip RM II, Buchanan RW, Summerfeit A, Breier A, Carpenter WT, Rubin SA, Carbone KM (1993) Schizophrenia and Borna disease antibodies. Soc Neurosci [Abstracts] 19: Mental Illness I 9.10

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltrip RW II, Buchanan RW, Summerfeit A, Breier A, Carpenter WT, Bryant LN, Rubin SA, Carbone KM (1995) Borna disease virus and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 56:33–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waltrip RW II, Buchanan RW, Carpenter WT Jr, Kirkpatrick B, Summerfelt A, Breier A, Rubin SA, Carbone KM (1997) Borna disease virus antibodies and the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res 23:253–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber T, Freter A, Baumann E, Lüer W, Gerhards J, Mous J, Stüber D, Döbeli H, Haas J, Stark E, Poser S, Felgenhauer K (1991a) Der Einsatz rekombinanter Antigene in der Diagnose der HIV-Enzephalitis. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhorn, Reinbek, S 83–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber T, Turner RW, Lüer W, Lüke W, Ruf B, Haas J, Stark E, Poser S, Hunsmann G, Pohle HD, Felgenhauer K (1991b) Anwendung der Polymerase-Ketten-Reaktion am Beispiel der progressiven multifokalen Leukoencephalopathie. In: Huffmann G, Braune HJ (Hrsg) Infektionskrankheiten des Nervensystems. Einhom, Reinbek, S 70–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger DR (1986) The pathogenesis of schizophrenia: a neurodevelopmental theory. In: Nasrallah HA, Weinberger DR (eds) The neurology of schizophrenia. Elsevier, Amsterdam New York, pp 367–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger DR (1987) Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:660–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wexler BE (1992) Editorial: Beyond the Kraepelinian dichotomy. Biol Psychiatry 31:539–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiborg A (1994) Zur Frage der Borna’schen Krankheit beim Menschen- eine retrospektive Studie an schizophrenen Patienten. Dissertation, Med. Fakultät, Universität Ulm

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieck HH (1962) Zur Analyse der Syndromgenese bei körperlich begründbaren Psychosen. In: Kranz H (Hrsg) Psychopathologie heute. Kurt Schneider zum 75. Geburtstag. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 212–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieck HH (1977) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. 2 Aufl. Schattauer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams SD, Kwok S (1992) Polymerase chain reaction: applications for viral detection. In: Lennette EH (ed) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. Dekker, New York Basel, pp 147–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Windhaber J, Dantendorfer K, Sachs G, Maierhofer D, Holzinger A, Berger P (1997) BDV antibodies are not increased in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 42:30

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollinsky KH, Hülser PJ, Brinkmeier H, Mehrkens HH, Komhuber HH, Rüdel R (1994) Filtration of cerebrospinal fluid in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome). Ann Med Interne 145:451–458

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods BT, Douglass A, Gescuk B (1991) Is the VBR still a useful measure of changes in the cerebral ventricles? Psychiatry Res Neuroim 40:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation (1991) Tenth revision of the intemational classification of diseases. Chapter V (F): mental and behavioral disorders (including disorders of psychological development). Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines 1991. (Deutsche Übersetzung Dilling H et al., Huber, Bern Göttingen, 1. Aufl.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ygata-Yi R, Yamaguchi K, Yoshiki K, Takemoto S, Yamasaki H, Matsuoka M, Miyakawa T (1996) Borna disease virus and the consumption of raw horse meet. Nature Med 2:948–949

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng YM, Schäfer MKH, Weihe E, Sheng H, Corisdeo S, Fu ZF, Koprowski H, Dietzschold B (1993) Severity of neurological signs and degree of inflammatory lesions in the brain of rats with Borna disease correlate with the induction of nitric oxide synthase. J Virol 67:5786–5791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann W, Dürrwald R, Ludwig H (1994a) Detection of Borna disease virus RNA in naturally infected animals by a nested polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 46:133–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann W, Breter H, Rudolph M, Ludwig H (1994b) Borna disease virus: immunoelectron microscopic characterization of cell-free virus and further information about the genome. J Virol 68:6755–6758

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zöfel P (1985) Statistik in der Praxis. Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwick W, Seifried O (1925) Übertragbarkeit der seuchenhaften Gehirn-Rückenmarksentzündung des Pferdes (Borna’sche Krankheit) auf kleine Versuchstiere (Kaninchen). Berl tierärztl Wschr 41:129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwick W (1926) Über die ansteckende Gehirn-Rü ckenmarksentzündung (Kopfkrankheit, Bornasche Krankheit) der Pferde. Dt tierärztl. Wschr 34:763–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwick W, Witte J, Bert F (1932) Über das Vorkommen des Virus der Bornaschen Krankheit im Ham, im Blut und im Liquor cerebrospinalis. Berl Tierärztl Wschr 47:33–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwick W (1939) Borna’sche Krankheit und Encephalomyelitis der Tiere. In: Gildemeister E, Haagen E, Waldmann O (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Viruskrankheiten. Fischer, Jena, 2:254–356

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, GmbH & Co. KG Darmstadt

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bechter, K. (1998). Literaturverzeichnis. In: Borna Disease Virus. Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Psychiatrie, vol 89. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95999-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95999-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-96000-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-95999-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics