Abstract
Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that is primarily characterised by multiple motor and vocal tics and has its onset in childhood. Although tics can affect virtually any muscle group, they most commonly start in the orofacial region. When the disorder progresses the tics usually move along a cephalocaudal and proximal-distal gradient. Family genetic and twin studies support a genetic aetiology, with a probable sex influenced autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and variable expressivity as TS, chronic motor tic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder (Cohen and Leckman, 1994; Robertson, 1994). In addition to the wide range of tics, subjects with TS often present with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADI-ID) in children and adolescents and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults.
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Buitelaar, J.K., De Bruin, W.I., Van Rijk, P.P. (1998). SPECT studies in Tourette’s syndrome. In: Neuroimaging in child neuropsychiatric disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95848-9_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95848-9_12
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