Abstract
The relationships between generalized driving forces and fluxes have been discussed in Chapter III for simple linear cases, when only one force and one flux, which is proportional to this force, are operative. In practice, one often meets more complicated transport processes, however, when more than one force and/or more than one flux are present. In such situations, each flux, J k , is not only related to its conjugated generalized driving force, X k or F k , but depends also on all the other forces and/or fluxes. Thus, such fluxes which occur simultaneously are related to each other; they are said to be coupled.
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Selected Literature
Fundamentals of Flow Coupling
Onsager L (1931) Phys Rev 37:405, ibid 38:2265
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Haase R (1969) Thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Addison-Wesley, Reading Mass The mutual conversion of coordinate frames for flows is one of the many subjects discussed in the latter two references.
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Background Literature on Ionic Membranes
Helfferich F (1962) Ion exchange. McGraw-Hill, New York This monograph discusses the physical chemistry of ion-exchange materials. Donnan equilibria are discussed in detail.
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Friction Model
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Spiegler KS (1958) Transport in ionic membranes. Trans Faraday Soc 54:1408 This article derives the basic friction equations for transport of ions and solvent in membranes.
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Electroosmosis
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Electroosmotic Velocity Ratio
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Electroosmosis in Non-Aqueous Media and Electroosmotic Pumping
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Spiegler, K.S. (1983). Isothermal Flow Coupling. In: Principles of Energetics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95434-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95434-4_4
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