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Ascorbic acid

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Book cover Aufbau · Speicherung · Mobilisierung und Umbildung der Kohlenhydrate / Formation · Storage · Mobilization and Transformation of Carbohydrates

Abstract

The connection between the type of diet and incidence of scurvy was early recognized, but it was not before the notion of accessory food factors, or vitamins, had been clearly formulated in 1912 (G. Hopkins, C. Funk) and a good test object for the antiscorbutic factor had been found in the guinea pig that serious attempts to isolate this factor (vitamin C. Drummond 1920) could begin. Among the early workers in this field S. S. Zilva and J. Tillmans should be specially mentioned. The decisive step was taken by A. Szent-Györgyi (1928), however, who isolated a strongly reducing substance of the molecular formula C6H8O6 from adrenal cortex, from oranges and from cabbage. This “hexuronic acid” easily reduced indicators like 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol which had earlier been used by Zilva and by Tillmans for studying the reducing substances usually associated with the antiscorbutic factor of plant materials. That this association was not absolute had ealier been a serious obstacle for further progress, but now it soon became clear that the vitamin C could be reversibly oxidized without loss of the antiscorbutic activity (Tillmans), and that hexuronic acid was in fact identical with the reduced form of this factor. The new name “ascorbic acid” was then coined (Szent-Györgyi and Haworth 1933), and the following terminology adopted:

$${\rm{Vitamin}}\;{\rm{C}} = {\rm{ascorbic}}\;{\rm{acid}} + {\rm{dehydroascorbic}}\;{\rm{acid}}.$$

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Authors
  1. Börje Åberg
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Physiology, Royal Agricultural College, Uppsala 7, Sweden

    Börje Åberg (Professor of Plant Physiology and Anatomy) (Professor of Plant Physiology and Anatomy)

  2. Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn 10, New York, USA

    Harry G. Albaum (Professor of Biology) (Professor of Biology)

  3. Botanisches Institut, Technischen Hochschule Stuttgart, Cannstatter Straße 212, Deutschland

    August Arnold

  4. Botany Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, S. Africa

    N. P. Badenhuizen

  5. Royal Holloway College, University of London, Englefield Green, Surrey, Great Britain

    E. J. Bourne (Professor of Chemistry) (Professor of Chemistry)

  6. Berlin-Frohnau, Forstweg 7, Deutschland

    Gerda Dangschat

  7. Mikrobiologisches Institut, Kgl. Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule, Uppsala 7, Sweden

    Gösta Fåhraeus

  8. Botanisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Deutschland

    Hermann Fischer

  9. The University, Edgbaston, Birmingham 15, Great Britain

    A. B. Foster (Lecturer in Chemistry) (Lecturer in Chemistry)

  10. Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, Deutschland

    Joachim Goerdeler (Privatdozent) (Privatdozent)

  11. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia

    Alfred Gottschalk M.D., D.Sc, F.R.A.C.I., F.R.I.C., F.A.A.

  12. University of California, Berkeley, USA

    W. Z. Hassid (Professor of Plant Biochemistry) (Professor of Plant Biochemistry)

  13. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

    Felix Haurowitz (Professor of Chemistry) (Professor of Chemistry)

  14. Botanisch Laboratorium, Grote Rozenstraat 31, Groningen, Nederlande

    R. J. Helder

  15. Institut für Chemische Technik, Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe, Kaiserstraße 12, Deutschland

    F. A. Henglein

  16. The University, Edinburgh, Scotland

    Edmund L. Hirst (Professor of Organic Chemistry) (Professor of Organic Chemistry)

  17. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    J. K. N. Jones (S.R.S. Research Professor) (S.R.S. Research Professor)

  18. c/o Sandoz AG., Basel 13, Schweiz

    E. Jucker  & Arthur Stoll  & 

  19. Bad Sooden-Allendorf/Werra, Deutschland

    Gerhard Kerstan

  20. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland

    J. A. Lovern (Senior Principal Scientific Officer) (Senior Principal Scientific Officer)

  21. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania, USA

    Erston V. Miller (Research Professor of Botany) (Research Professor of Botany)

  22. Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität, Stockholm Va, Odengatan 63, Sweden

    Gunnar Neumüller

  23. Subdept. of Plant biophysics, Botany Dept., The University, Leeds 2, Great Britain

    R. D. Preston

  24. Universität Uppsala, Sweden

    Bengt G. Rånby (Dozent für Physikalische Chemie) (Dozent für Physikalische Chemie)

  25. Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio, USA

    F. Shafizadeh (Associate Supervisor) & Melville L. Wolfrom (Associate Supervisor) & 

  26. Department of Chemistry, The University, Edgbaston, Birmingham 15, Great Britain

    M. Stacey (Mason Professor and Head) (Mason Professor and Head)

  27. Den polytekniske Laereanstalts organiskkemiske Laboratorium, Sølvgade 83, København K., Danmark

    Stig Veibel

  28. Ludwigshafen a. Rh., Sternstraße 166, Deutschland

    Bruno Vollmert (Privatdozent) (Privatdozent)

  29. Stuttgart - Untertürkheim, Strümpfelbacherstraße 49, Deutschland

    Adolf Wagner

  30. Institut für allgemeine Botanik der Universität, Künstlergasse 16, Zürich, Schweiz

    Hans Wanner

  31. Botanisches Institut der Universität, Mainz, Deutschland

    Hans Weber (Universitäts-Professor) (Universitäts-Professor)

  32. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chelsea Bridge Road, London S.W. 1, Great Britain

    W. J. Whelan

  33. Bundesforschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelfrischhaltung, Karlsruhe, Kaiserstraße 12, Deutschland

    Johannes Wolf

  34. National Research Council, Halifax, N.S., Canada

    E. Gordon Young (Director) (Director)

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Åberg, B. (1958). Ascorbic acid. In: Åberg, B., et al. Aufbau · Speicherung · Mobilisierung und Umbildung der Kohlenhydrate / Formation · Storage · Mobilization and Transformation of Carbohydrates. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94731-5_19

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