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Significance of hydration to the state of protoplasm

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Pflanze und Wasser / Water Relations of Plants

Abstract

Protoplasm is an aqueous colloidal system having the properties of both a sol and a gel, and containing structures of various sizes—the nucleus, plastids, mitochondria, and microsomes. These structures are themselves aqueous colloids but have not been studied with respect to hydration as intensively as the imbedding medium—the so-called cytoplasm. The viscosity of protoplasm is greater than that of water but is low enough to permit Brownian movement and streaming movement. Due to its colloidal-gel properties, the protoplasm is elastic. Since water is the disperse phase, making up 85–90% of the total protoplasm, the quantity present markedly affects these colloidal properties.

For details see vol. II: Levitt, H., Hydration, and Stocker, O., Wassermangel und Zellaktivität. See also this volume, p. 696ff.: Stocker, O., Die Dürreresistenz.

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Literature

  • Levitt, J.: Frost, drought, and heat resistance. Annual Rev. Plant Physiol. 2, 245–268 (1951).

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  • Frost killing and hardiness of plants. Burgess 1941.

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  • Seifriz, W.: The structure of protoplasm. Mon. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol. Iowa State Press 1942.

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Authors
  1. J. Levitt
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. van Maanenstraat 11 A, Rotterdam, Niederlande

    M. J. Adriani

  2. Hydrotechnical Laboratory, Royal Veterinary and agric. College, 26, Rolighedsvej, Copenhagen V, Dänemark

    H. C. Aslyng

  3. Botanisches Institut, Lund, Schweden

    Hans Burström

  4. München-Pasing, Perlschneiderstr. 18, Deutschland

    Rudolf Geiger (o. Univ.-Professor) (o. Univ.-Professor)

  5. Universität München, München-Obermenzing, Menzingerstr. 66, Deutschland

    Fritz Gessner (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Institut für Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Graz, Schubertstr. 51, Österreich

    Otto Härtel

  7. Forstbotanisches Institut der Forstl. Forschungsanstalt, Universität München, München 13, Amalienstr. 52, Deutschland

    Bruno Huber (o. Professor für Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathologie der Pflanzen) (o. Professor für Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathologie der Pflanzen)

  8. Botanisches Institut der Universität, Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Deutschland

    Magdalena Hülsbruch

  9. Hamburg 13, Rothenbaumchaussee 22III, Deutschland

    Kurt Kalle

  10. Institut für spezielle Botanik, Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Universitätsstr. 2, Zürich 6, Schweiz

    H. Kern

  11. Faculté des Sciences d’Alger, 44 Avenue de Paris, Boulogne Billancourt, Seine, France

    Ch. Killian (professeur honoraire) (professeur honoraire)

  12. Botanischen Institutes und Gartens, Hochschule für Bodenkultur, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, Wien XVIII, Österreich

    Josef G. Kisser (Vorstand) (Vorstand)

  13. Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Paul J. Kramer (James b. Duke Professor of Botany) (James b. Duke Professor of Botany)

  14. Faculté des Sciences, Institut botanique, 7, rue de l’Université, Strasbourg, France

    Georges Lemée (Professeur) (Professeur)

  15. University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

    J. Levitt (Professor of Botany) (Professor of Botany)

  16. Dept. Botany and Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

    Bernard S. Meyer (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  17. Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, USA

    Bernard S. Meyer (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  18. Institut für Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben (Kr. Aschersleben), Deutschland

    Kurt Mothes

  19. Botanischen Institutes der Universität, Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, Österreich

    Arthur Pisek (Professor der Botanik, Direktor) (Professor der Botanik, Direktor)

  20. Biologischen Station Lunz, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Lunz am See, Nieder-Österreich

    Franz Ruttner (Leiter) (Leiter)

  21. Universität Stockholm, Kungstensgatan 45, Stockholm, Va, Schweden

    M. G. Stålfelt (o. Professor der Pflanzenphysiologie) (o. Professor der Pflanzenphysiologie)

  22. Elsley Lodge, 17, Elsley Road, Reading, Berks, England

    Walter Stiles (Emeritus Professor of Botany) (Emeritus Professor of Botany)

  23. Botanisches Institut, Technischen Hochschule, Darmstadt, Deutschland

    Otto Stocker (Professor der Botanik) (Professor der Botanik)

  24. Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    C. Ralph Stocking (Associate Professor of Botany) (Associate Professor of Botany)

  25. Botanisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Deutschland

    Herbert Straka

  26. Laboratory of Climatology, Elmer, N. J., USA

    W. C. Thornthwaite

  27. Geographisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Franziskanerstr. 2, Deutschland

    Carl Troll

  28. Institut für landwirtschaftliche Botanik, Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 176, Deutschland

    Hermann Ullrich (Professor der Botanik) (Professor der Botanik)

  29. Department of Irrigation, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    F. J. Veihmeyer (Professor of Irrigation, Emeritus) (Professor of Irrigation, Emeritus)

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© 1956 Springer-Verlag OHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg

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Levitt, J. (1956). Significance of hydration to the state of protoplasm. In: Adriani, M.J., et al. Pflanze und Wasser / Water Relations of Plants. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94678-3_36

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94678-3_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-94679-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-94678-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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