Zusammenfassung
Die Bedeu tung des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems (RAS) als Mediator des arteriellen Blutdrucks und hochdruckinduzierter Endorganschäden wurde in den letzten Jahren intensiv untersucht. Ursprünglich wurde das RAS als endokrines System verstanden, das seine Wirkung über das Effektorpeptid Angiotensin II (ANG II) ausübt. Neuere Daten belegen die Existenz eines lokalen, gewebeständigen RAS, das durch parakrin-autokrine Mechanismen wirkt. Darüber hinaus wurden die Gene des RAS sequenziert und transgene Tiermodelle geschaffen, die unterschiedliche Komponenten des RAS überexprimieren. Als genetische Marker für den arteriellen Hypertonus und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen wurden verschiedene Genpolymorphismen untersucht. Sehr effektive Substanzen wurden entwickelt, die auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen des RAS angreifen.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Barton M, Shaw S, d’Uscio LV, Moreau P, Luscher TF (1997) Angiotensin II increases vascular and renal endothelin-1 and functional endothelin converting enzyme activity in vivo: Role of ETA receptors for endothelin regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 238: 861–865
Bohlender J, Fukamizu A, Lippoldt A, Nomura T, Dietz R, Menard J, Murakami K, Luft FC, Ganten D (1997) High human renin hypertension in transgenic rats. Hypertension 29: 428–34
Corvol P, Soubrier F, Jeunemaitre X (1997) Molecular genetics of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human hypertension. Pathol Biol Paris 45: 229–239
Ganten U, Schroder G, Witt M, Zimmermann F, Ganten D, Stock G (1989) Sexual dimorphism of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Effects of anti-androgen treatment. J Hypertens 7: 721–726
Grady EE, Sechi LA, Griffin CA, Schambelan M, Kalinyak JE (1991) Expression of AT2 receptors in the developing rat fetus. J Clin Invest 88: 921–933
Hein L, Barsh GS, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, Kobilka BK (1995) Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II iype-2 receptor in mice. Nature 377: 744–747
Ichiki T, Labosky PA, Shiota C, Okuyama S, Imagawa Y, Fogo A, Niimura F, Ichikawa I, Hogan BL, Inagami T (1995) Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor. Nature 377: 748–750
Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev YV, Lifton RP, Williams CS, Charru A, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, Williams RR, Lalouel JM, et al. (1992) Molecular basis of human hypertension: Role of angiotensinogen. Cell 71: 169–180
Kimura S, Mullins JJ, Bunnemann B, Metzger R, Hilgenfeldt U, Zimmermann F, Jacob H, Fuxe K, Ganten D, Kaling M (1992) High blood pressure in transgenic mice carrying the rat angiotensinogen gene. EMBO J 11:821–827
Krege JH, John SW, Langenbach LL, Hodgin JB, Hagaman JR, Bachman ES, Jennette JC, O’Brien DA. Smithies O (1995) Male-female differences in fertility and blood pressure in ACE-deficient mice. Nature 375: 146–148
Krege JH, Kim HS, Moyer JS, Jennette JC, Peng L, Hiller SK, Smithies O (1997) Angiotensin-Converting enzyme gene mutations, blood pressures, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Hypertension 29: 150–157
Lee MA, Böhm M, Paul M, Bader M, Ganten U, Ganten D (1996) Physiological characterization of the hypertensive transgenic rat TGR(mREN2)27. Am J Physiol 270: E919–929
Lindpaintner K, Lee M, Larson MG, Rao VS, Pfeffer MA, Ordovas JM, Schaefer EJ, Wilson AF, Wilson PW, Vasan RS, Myers RH, Levy D (1996) Absence of association or genetic linkage between the angiotensin- converting-enzyme gene and left ventricular mass. N Engl J Med 334: 1023–1028
Lindpaintner K, Pfeffer MA, Kreutz R, Stampfer MJ, Grodstein F, LaMotte F, Buring J, Hennekens CH (1995) A prospective evaluation of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism and the risk of ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med 332: 706–711
Lo M, Liu KL, Lantelme P, Sassard J (1995) Subtype 2 of angiotensin II receptors controls pressure- natriuresis in rats. J Clin Invest 95: 1394–1397
McDonald KM, Garr M, Cariyle PF, Francis GS, Hauer K, Hunter DW, Parish T, Stillman A, Cohn JN (1994) Relative effects of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade, converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, and angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade on ventricular remodeling in the dog. Circulation 90: 3034–3046
Merrill DC, Thompson MW, Carney CL, Granwehr BP, Schlager G, Robillard JE, Sigmund CD (1996) Chronic hypertension and altered baroreflex responses in transgenic mice containing the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes. J Clin Invest 97: 1047–1055
Morgan K (1994) Diverse factors influencing angiotensin metabolism during ACE inhibition: Insights from molecular biology and genetic studies. Br Heart J 72 (Suppl): S3–10
Mullins JJ, Peters J, Ganten D (1990) Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene. Nature 344: 541–544
MuUins JJ, Sigmund CD, Kane Haas-C, Wu CZ, Pacholec F, Zeng Q, Gross KW (1988) Studies on the regulation of renin genes using transgenic mice. Clin Exp Hypertens A 10: 1157–1167
Nickenig G, Laufs U, Schnabel P, Knorr A, Paul M, Böhm MP (1997) Down-regulation of aortic and cardiac ATI receptor gene expression in transgenic (mRen-2) 27 rats. Br J Pharmacol 121: 134–140
Paul M, Wagner J, Kreutz R, Fernandez Alfonso MS, Liu Y, Bader M, Ganten D (1994) Transgenic Rats Expressing Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Cardiovascular Regulation. In Lindpainter K, Ganten D (eds) New York: The Cardiac-Renin Angiotensin System. Futura Publishing Co., Inc., Armonk, pp 289–307
Peters J (1995) Molecular basis of human hypertension: The role of angiotensin. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 9: 657–678
Pieruzzi F, Abassi ZA, Keiser HR (1995) Expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the heart, kidneys, and lungs of rats with experimental heart failure. Circulation 92: 3105–3112
Pinto YM, Buikema H, van Gilst WH, Scholtens E, van Geel PP, de Graeff PA, Wagner J, Paul M (1997) Cardiovascular end-organ damage in Ren-2 transgenic rats compared to spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Mol Med 75:371–377
Schmidt S, Ritz E (1997) Genetics of the renin-angiotensin system and renal disease: A progress report. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 6: 146–151
Schmidt S, Schone N, Ritz E (1995) Association of ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy? Kidney Int 47: 1176–1181
Smits JF, Daemen MJ (1994) Insights from animal models of myocardial infarction: Do ACE inhibitors limit the structural response? Br Heart J 72 (Suppl): S61–64
Stoll M, Steckelings UM, Paul M, Bottari SP, Metzger R, Unger T (1995) The angiotensin AT2-receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 95: 651–657
Tiret L, Bonnardeaux A, Poirier O, Ricard S, Marques-Vidal P, Evans A, Arveiler D, Luc G, Kee F, Ducimetiere P et al. (1994) Synergistic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms on risk of myocardial infarction. Lancet 344: 910–913
Ward K, Hata A, Jeunemaitre X, Helin C, Nelson L, Namikawa C, Farrington PF, Ogasawara M, Suzumori K, Tomoda S et al. (1993) A molecular variant of angiotensinogen associated with preeclampsia. Nat Genet 4:59–61
Zisman LS, Abraham WT, Meixell GE, Vamvakias BN, Quaife RA, Lowes BD, Roden RL, Peacock SJ, Groves BM, Raynolds MV et al. (1995) Angiotensin II formation in the intact human heart. Predominance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme pathway. J Clin Invest 96: 1490–1498
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rothermund, L., Paul, M. (1999). Arterieller Hypertonus und das Renin-Angiotensin-System — genetische und transgene Studien. In: Dominiak, P., Heusch, G. (eds) AT1-Rezeptorblockade. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93701-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93701-9_1
Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-93702-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-93701-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive