Skip to main content

Protein-C-Pathway

  • Conference paper
  • 27 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Protein C ist das Proenzym einer Serinproteinase, wird von der Leber synthetisiert und Vitamin-K-abhängig mit γ-Carboxyglutamin-Gruppen (Gla) ausgestattet [23]. Die Aktivierung erfolgt durch Abspaltung eines aus 12 Aminosäuren bestehenden Aktivierungspeptids durch Thrombin und Proteasen ähnlicher Spezifität [24].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Bajzar L, Nesheim M, Morser J, Tracy PB (1998) Both cellular and soluble forms of thrombomodulin inhibit fibrinolysis by potentiating the activation of thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor. J Biol Chem 273: 2792–2798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF et al. (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344: 699–709

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bertina RM, Koeleman BP, Koster T et al. (1994) Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 369: 64–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bouma BN, von dem Borne PA, Meijers JC (1998) Factor XI and protection of the fibrin clot against lysis — a role for the intrinsic pathway of coagulation in fibrinolysis. Thromb Haemost 80: 24–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Briede J J, Tans G, Willems GM, Hemker HC, Lindhout T (2001) Regulation of platelet factor Va-dependent thrombin generation by activated protein C at the surface of collagen-adherent platelets. J Biol Chem 276: 7164–7168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dahlback B, Carlsson M, Svensson PJ (1993) Familial thrombophilia due to a previously unrecognized mechanism characterized by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: prediction of a cofactor to activated protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 1004–1008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. De Cristofaro R, De Candia E, Landolfi R (1998) Effect of high- and low-molecular-weight heparins on thrombin-thrombomodulin interaction and protein C activation. Circulation 98: 1297–1301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. de Fouw NJ, de Jong YF, Haverkate F, Bertina RM (1988) Activated protein C increases fibrin clot lysis by neutralization of plasminogen activator inhibitor — no evidence for a cofactor role of protein S. Thromb Haemost 60: 328–333

    Google Scholar 

  9. Elisen MG, von dem Borne PA, Bouma BN, Meijers JC (1998) Protein C inhibitor acts as a procoagulant by inhibiting the thrombomodulin-induced activation of protein C in human plasma. Blood 91: 1542–1547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Esmon CT, Owen WG (1981) Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2249–2252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Esmon CT, Xu J, Gu JM et al. (1999) Endothelial protein C receptor. Thromb Haemost 82: 251–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Faust SN, Levin M, Harrison OB et al. (2001) Dysfunction of endothelial protein C activation in severe meningococcal sepsis. N Engl J Med 345: 408–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Franco RF, Elion J, Tavella MH, Santos SE, Zago MA (1999) The prevalence of factor V Arg306→Thr (factor V Cambridge) and factor V Arg306→Gly mutations in different human populations. Thromb Haemost 81: 312–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gladson CL, Groncy P, Griffin JH (1987) Coumarin necrosis, neonatal purpura fulminans, and protein C deficiency. Arch Dermatol 123:170la–1706a

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gu JM, Katsuura Y, Ferrell GL, Grammas P, Esmon CT (2001) Endotoxin and thrombin elevate rodent endothelial cell protein C receptor mRNA levels and increase receptor shedding in vivo. Blood 95: 1687–1693

    Google Scholar 

  16. Healy AM, Hancock WW, Christie PD,Rayburn HB, Rosenberg RD (1998) Intravascular coagulation activation in a murine model of thrombomodulin deficiency: effects of lesion size, age, and hypoxia on fibrin deposition. Blood 92: 4188–4197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hockin MF, Kalafatis M, Shatos M, Mann KG (1997) Protein C activation and factor Va inactivation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 17: 2765–2775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Howard TE, Marusa M, Channell C, Duncan A (1997) A patient homozygous for a mutation in the prothrombin gene 3′-untranslated region associated with massive thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 8: 316–319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Isermann B, Hendrickson SB, Zogg M et al. (2001) Endothelium-specifk loss of murine thrombomodulin disrupts the protein C anticoagulant pathway and causes juvenile-onset thrombosis. J Clin Invest 108: 537–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ishii H, Majerus PW (1985) Thrombomodulin is present in human plasma and urine. J Clin Invest 76: 2178–2181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Iwashima Y, Sato T, Watanabe K et al. (1990) Elevation of plasma thrombomodulin level in diabetic patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 39: 983–988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kalafatis M, Mann KG (1993) Role of the membrane in the inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C. J Biol Chem 268: 27246–27257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kisiel W (1979) Human plasma protein C: isolation, characterization, and mechanism of activation by alpha-thrombin. J Clin Invest 64: 761–769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kisiel W, Ericsson LH, Davie EW (1976) Proteolytic activation of protein C from bovine plasma. Biochemistry 15: 4893–4900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lindahl AK, Boffa MC, Abildgaard U (1993) Increased plasma thrombomodulin in cancer patients. Thromb Haemost 69: 112–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mosnier LO, Meijers JC, Bouma BN (2001) Regulation of fibrinolysis in plasma by TAFI and protein C is dependent on the concentration of thrombomodulin. Thromb Haemost 85: 5–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Neese LL, Pratt CW, Church FC (1994) Modulation of protein C inhibitor activity. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 5: 737–746

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nishioka J, Ning M, Hayashi T, Suzuki K (1998) Protein C inhibitor secreted from activated platelets efficiently inhibits activated protein C on phosphatidylethanolamine of platelet membrane and microvesicles. J Biol Chem 273: 11281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. O’Brien LM, Mastri M, Fay PJ (2000) Regulation of factor Villa by human activated protein C and protein S: inactivation of cofactor in the intrinsic factor Xase. Blood 95: 1714–1720

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ohlin AK, Morser J, Ohlin H (1996) Soluble thrombomodulin antigen in plasma is increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy. Thromb Res 82: 313–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Petaja J, Fernandez JA, Gruber A, Griffin JH (1997) Anticoagulant synergism of heparin and activated protein C in vitro. Role of a novel anticoagulant mechanism of heparin, enhancement of inactivation of factor V by activated protein C. J Clin Invest 99: 2655–2663

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rappaport ES, Speights VO, Heibert B, Trowbridge A, Koops B, Montgomery RR, Marlar RA (1987) Protein C deficiency. South Med J 80: 240–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rezaie AR (2001) Vitronectin functions as a cofactor for rapid inhibition of activated protein C by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Implications for the mechanism of profibrinolytic action of activated protein C. J Biol Chem 276: 15567–15570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shen L, He X, Dahlback B (1997) Synergistic cofactor function of factor V and protein S to activated protein C in the inactivation of the factor Villa - factor IXa complex — species specific interactions of components of the protein C anticoagulant system. Thromb Haemost 78: 1030–1036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Smirnov MD, Safa O, Esmon NL, Esmon CT (1999) Inhibition of activated protein C anticoagulant activity by prothrombin. Blood 94: 3839–3846

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stewart RJ, Fredenburgh JC, Rischke JA, Bajzar L, Weitz JI (2000) Thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor attenuates DD(E)-mediated stimulation of plasminogen activation by reducing the affinity of DD(E) for tissue plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem 275: 36612–36620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Suzuki K, Stenflo J, Dahlback B, Teodorsson B (1983) Inactivation of human coagulation factor V by activated protein C. J Biol Chem 258: 1914–1920

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Taylor FB Jr, Peer GT, Lockhart MS, Ferrell G, Esmon CT (2001) Endothelial cell protein C receptor plays an important role in protein C activation in vivo. Blood 97: 1685–1688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Taylor FB Jr, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S et al. (2001) The endothelial cell protein C receptor aids in host defense against Escherichia coli sepsis. Blood 95: 1680–1686

    Google Scholar 

  40. van de Poel RH, Meijers JC, Bouma BN (2001) C4b-binding protein inhibits the factor V-dependent but not the factor V-independent cofactor activity of protein S in the activated protein C-mediated inactivation of factor Villa. Thromb Haemost 85: 761–775

    Google Scholar 

  41. van de Poel RH, Meijers JC, Rosing J, Tans G, Bouma BN (2000) C4b-binding protein protects coagulation factor Va from inactivation by activated protein C. Biochemistry 39: 14543–14548

    Google Scholar 

  42. Vincent JL (2001) Microvascular endothelial dysfunction: a renewed appreciation of sepsis pathophysiology. Crit Care 5: S1–S5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Walker JB, Nesheim ME (2001) A kinetic analysis of the tissue plasminogen activator and DSPAa1 cofactor activities of untreated and TAFIa-treated soluble fibrin degradation products of varying size. J Biol Chem 276: 3138–3148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Weiler-Guettler H, Christie PD, Beeler DL et al. (1998) A targeted point mutation in thrombomodulin generates viable mice with a prethrombotic state. J Clin Invest 101: 1983–1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dempfle, CE. (2002). Protein-C-Pathway. In: Martin, E., Nawroth, P. (eds) Fachübergreifende Aspekte der Hämostaseologie V. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93394-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93394-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43350-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-93394-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics