Summary
The splenic red pulp consists of a double-barreled channel system which is interposed between arterial and venous vascular system. This channel system is composed of: 1. the more vascular sinuses and 2. the more cavernous pulp cords which sheath the sinuses. In the sinuses which are lined by special “rod cells” with no or only low phagocytic activity, blood flows at the same velocity as in capillary systems of other organs. However, through the pulp cords which may be engorged by strongly phagocytic reticular cells blood circulates significantly slower. Biometric investigations have shown that in splenomegaly the red pulp volume, especially the amount of pulp cords, that means of the slow compartment, has been raised. Simultaneously phagocytic cells in this compartment are augmented. In short, there is a hyperplasia of splenic red pulp. As a consequence of the enlargement of the cordal system an increased number of blood cells can be pooled under unfavorable metabolic conditions (lack of glucose and ATP, lowered pH), whereby these cells are deteriorated and conditioned for phagocytosis by phagocytic cells. Pre-damaged or abnormal blood cells will succumb to this metabolic as well as mechanical (passage through narrow slits in the sinusoidal wall!) stress much easier than normal blood cells.
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Stutte, H.J. (1970). Die pathologische Anatomie der roten Milzpulpa Quantitative Analyse mit fermentcytochemischen Methoden. In: Lennert, K., Harms, D. (eds) Die Milz / The Spleen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-92998-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-92998-4_5
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