Abstract
The term hapten was introduced by Landsteiner in 1921 to describe a material (an alcoholic extract of horse kidney) which had the property of being able to combine with antibody, and yet by itself, was unable to initiate an immune response when injected into rabbits. Landsteiner and Simms (1923) were able to demonstrate also that when a foreign protein (pig serum) was added to this material, and this mixture then injected into rabbits, the animals did make an antibody capable of combining with the alcoholic extract of horse kidney. Thus, in this early example the alcoholic extract was the hapten and the pig serum was the carrier.
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Green, I., Levine, B.B., Paul, W.E., Benacerraf, B. (1968). The Relationship of the Hapten to the Carrier in the Induction and Specificity of the Immune Response. In: Plescia, O.J., Braun, W. (eds) Nucleic Acids in Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87668-4_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87668-4_19
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