Abstract
The earliest clinical and pathological description of meningococcal meningitis appeared in 1806 in a medical and agricultural journal. The remarkable features of the pathological process were recognized and described, including the purulent exudate between the dura and pia mater over the cerebrum and cerebellum, and the turgidity of the blood in the veins and sinuses of the brain.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Bacterial Meningitis
- Disseminate Intravascular Coagulation
- Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
- Pneumococcal Meningitis
- Neisseria Meningitidis
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Suggested Reading
Arevalo CE, Barnes PF, Duda M, Leedom JM (1989) Cerebrospinal fluid cell counts and chemistries in bacterial meningitis. South Med J 82: 1122–1127
Bone RC, Fisher CJ, Clemmer TB et al. (1987) A controlled trial of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 317: 563–568
Cabral DA, Flodmark O, Farrell K, Speert DP (1987) Prospective study of computed tomography in acute bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 111: 201–205
Cohen J, Glauser MP (1991) Septic shock: treatment. Lancet 338: 736–739
DiNubile MJ, Boom WH, Southwick FS (1990) Septic cortical thrombophlebitis. J Infect Dis 161: 1216–1220
Dodge PR, Swartz MN (1965) Bacterial meningitis — a review of selected aspects. II. Special neurologic problems, postmeningitic complications and clinicopathologic correlations. N Engl J Med 272: 954–960
Dodge PR, Davis H, Feigin RD, Holmes SJ, Kaplan SL, Jubelirer DP, Stechenberg BW, Hirsh SK (1984) Prospective evaluation of hearing impairment as a sequela of acute bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 311: 869–874
Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ et al. (1993) Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 328: 21–28
Einhäupl KM, Villringer A, Meister W et al. (1991) Heparin treatment in sinus venous thrombosis. Lancet 338: 597–600
Felgenhauer K, Kober D (1985) Apurulent bacterial meningitis (compartmental leucopenia in purulent meningitis). J Neurol 232: 157–161
Geiseler PJ, Nelson KE, Levin S, Reddi KT, Moses VK (1980) Community-acquired purulent meningitis: a review of 11316 cases during the antibiotic era, 1954–1976. Rev Infect Dis 2: 725–745
Gilbert DN (1991) Minireview: once-daily aminoglycoside therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 35: 399–405
Girgis NI, Farid Z, Mikhail IA, Farrag I, Sultan Y, Kilpatrick ME (1989) Dexamethasone treatment for bacterial meningitis in children and adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J 8: 848–851
Haring HP, Rötzer HK, Reindl H, Berek K, Kampfl A, Pfausler B, Schmutzhard E (1993) Time course of cerebral blood flow velocity in central nervous system infections. A transcranial Doppler sonography study. Arch Neurol 50: 98–101
Horwitz SJ, Boxerbaum B, O’Bell J (1980) Cerebral herniation in bacterial meningitis in childhood. Ann Neurol 7: 524–528
Igarashi M, Gilmartin RC, Gerald B, Wilburn F, Jabbour JT (1984) Cerebral arteritis and bacterial meningitis. Arch Neurol 41: 531–535
Kaplan SL, Fishman MA (1988) Update on bacterial meningitis. J Child Neurol 3: 82–93
Mustafa MM, Lebel MH, Ramilo O, Olsen KD, Reisch JS, Beutler B, McCracken GH (1989) Correlation of interleukin-lß and cachectin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome from bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 115: 208–213
Odio CM, Faingezicht I, Paris M et al. (1991) The beneficial effects of early dexamethasone administration in infants and children with bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 324: 1525–1531
Paulson OB, Brodersen P, Hansen EL, Kristensen HS (1974) Regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and cerebrospinal fluid acid-base variables in patients with acute meningitis and with encephalitis. Acta Med Scand 196: 191–198
Peltola H, Anttila M, Renkonen OV and the Finnish study group (1989) Randomised comparison of chloramphenicol, ampiciliin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone for childhood bacterial meningitis. Lancet 1: 1281–1286
Peukonen OV, Sivonen A, Visakorpi R (1987) Effect of ciprofloxacin on carrier rate of Neisseria meningitidis in army recruits in Finland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31: 962–963
Pfister HW, Koedel U, Haberl R, Dirnagl U, Feiden W, Ruckdeschel G, Einhäupl KM (1990) Microvascular changes during the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10: 914–922
Pfister HW, Borasio GD, Dirnagl U, Bauer M, Einhäupl KM (1992a) Cerebrovascular complications of bacterial meningitis in adults. Neurology 42: 1497–1504
Pfister HW, Koedel U, Lorenzl S, Tomasz A (1992b) Antioxidants attenuate micro-vascular changes in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats. Stroke 23: 1798–1804
Pfister HW, Feiden W, Einhäupl KM (1993) The spectrum of complications during bacterial meningitis in adults: results of a prospective clinical study. Arch Neurol 50: 575–581
Pugsley MP, Dworzack DL, Horowitz EA et al. (1987) Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carriers of Neisseria meningitidis. J Infect Dis 156: 211–213
Quagliarello V, Scheld WM (1992) Mechanisms of disease: bacterial meningitis: pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and progress. N Engl J Med 327: 864–872
Raimondi AJ, DiRocca C (1979) The physiopathologic basis for the angiographic diagnosis of bacterial infections of the brain and its covering in children. Childs Brain 5: 1–13
Roos KL, Tunkel AR, Scheid WM (1991) Acute bacterial meningitis in children and adults. In: Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Durack DT (eds) Infections of the central nervous system. Raven, New York, pp 335–410
Saez-Llorens X, Ramilo O, Mustafa MM, Mertsola J, McCracken GH (1990) Molecular pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis: current concepts and therapeutic implications. J Pediatr 116: 671–684
Sagar SM, McGuire D (1991) Infectious diseases. In: Samuels MA (ed) Manual of neurology. Diagnosis and therapy, 4th edn. Little, Brown, Boston, pp 127–182
Saukkonen K, Sande S, Cioffe C, Wolpe S, Sherry B, Cerami A, Tuomanen E (1990) The role of cytokines in the generation of inflammation and tissue damage in experimental gram-positive meningitis. J Exp Med 171: 439–448
Schaad UB, Suter S, Gianella-Boradori A, Pfenninger J, Auckthaler R, Bernath O, Cheseaux JJ, Wedgwood J (1990) Comparison of ceftriaxone and cefuroxime for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. N Engl J Med 322: 141–147
Scheld WM (1989) Drug delivery to the central nervous system: general principles and relevance to therapy for infections of the central nervous system. Rev Infect Dis 11 [Suppl 7]: 1669–1690
Schmutzhard E, Aichner F, Berek K et al. (1989) Akute Komplikationen der Pneumokokken-Meningoenzephalitis. Intensivbehandlung 14: 91–95
Smith AL (1988) Neurologic sequelae of menin- gitis. N Engl J Med 319: 1012–1014
Southwick FS, Richardson EP jr, Swartz MN (1986) Septic thrombosis of the durai venous sinuses. Medicine (Baltimore) 65: 82–106
Sprung CL, Caralis PV, Marcial EH et al. (1984) The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study. N Engl J Med 311: 1137–1143
Swartz MN (1984) Bacterial meningitis: more involved than just the meninges. N Engl J Med 311: 912–914
Tuomanen E, Liu H, Hengstler B, Zak O, Tomasz A (1985) The induction of meningeal inflammation by components of the pneumococcal cell wall. J Infect Dis 151: 858–868
Tuomanen EI, Saukkonen K, Sande S, Cioffe C, Wright SD (1989) Reduction of inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality in bacterial meningitis in rabbits treated with monoclonal antibodies against adhesion-promoting receptors of leucocytes. J Exp Med 170: 959–969
Tunkel AR, Wispelwey B, Scheid WM (1990) Bacterial meningitis: recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment. Ann Intern Med 112: 610–623
Tureen JH, Dworkin RJ, Kennedy SL, Sachdeva M, Sande MA (1990) Loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation in experimental meningitis in rabbits. J Clin Invest 85: 577–581
Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group (1987) Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N Engl J Med 317: 659–665
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pfister, HW., Roos, K.L., Bleck, T.P. (1994). Bacterial Meningitis. In: Hacke, W., Hanley, D.F., Einhäupl, K.M., Bleck, T.P., Diringer, M.N., Ropper, A.H. (eds) Neurocritical Care. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87602-8_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87602-8_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-87604-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-87602-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive