Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

  • Chapter
Mechanical Ventilation

  • 258 Accesses

Abstract

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation means spontaneous breathing with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). In this mode, ventilation depends upon the patient, while the machine serves only to maintain an airway pressure which is constantly higher than atmospheric pressure, and to control oxygen concentration, temperature, and humidity of the inspired gas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderes C, Anderes H, Gasser D (1979) Postoperative spontaneous breathing with CPAP to normalize late postoperative oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 5: 15–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen JB, Qvist J, Kann T (1979) Recruiting collapsed lung through collateral channels with positive end-expiratory pressure. Scand J Respir Dis 60: 260–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen JB, Olesen KP, Eikard E, Jansen E, Qvist J (1980) Periodic continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP) by mask in the treatment of atelectasis. Eur J Respir Dis 61: 20–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Annest S, Gottlieb M, Poloski WH (1980) Detrimental effects of removing end expiratory pressure prior to endotracheal extubation. Ann Surg 191: 539–545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barach AL (1937) Recent advances in inhalation therapy in the treatment of cardiac and respiratory disease. NT State J Med 37: 1095–1110

    Google Scholar 

  • Barach AL, Martin J, Eckman M (1938) Positive pressure respiration and its application to the treatment of acute pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med 12: 754–795

    Google Scholar 

  • Barach AL, Eckman M, Ginsburg E (1946) Studies on positive pressure respiration I. General aspects and types of pressure breathing II. Effect on respiration and circulation at sea level. J Aviat med 17: 290–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry AJ (1981) Respiratory support and renal function. Anesthesiology 55: 655–667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braschi A, Iotti G, Locatelli A, Bellinzona G (1985) Functional evaluation of a CPAP circuit with high compliance reservoir bag. Intensive Care Med 11: 85–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braschi A, Iotti G, Locatelli A, Bellinzona G, Bianchi T, Bobbio Pallavicini F (1986a) Différents systèmes pour VS-PEP: répercussions sur le volume courant. Reanim Soins Intensifs Med Urgence 2: 263

    Google Scholar 

  • Braschi A, Iotti G, Lacatelli A, Semenza GM, Bellinzona G, Cremaschi R, Bobbio Pallavicini F (1986b) High resistance phases in spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation ( Abstr ). Intensive Care Med 12: 227

    Google Scholar 

  • Braschi A, Iotti G, Lacatelli A, Bellinzona G, (1987) A continuous flow intermittent mandatory ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure with high-compliance reservoir bag. Crit Care Med 15: 947–950

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunnel S (1972) The use of nitrous oxide and oxygen to maintain anesthesia and positive pressure for thoracic surgery. JAMA 58: 835–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson C, Sonden B, Thylen U (1981) Can postoperative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery? Intensive Care Med 7: 225–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Civetta GM, Brons R, Gabel JD (1972) A simple and effective method of employing spontaneous positive pressure ventilation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 63: 312–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cournand A, Motley HL, Werko L, Richard DWJr (1948) Physiological studies of the effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing on cardiac output in man. Am J Physiol 152: 162–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Covelli HD, Weled BJ, Beckman JF (1982) Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure administered by face mask. Chest 81: 147–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox D, Tinloi SF, Farrimond JG (1988) Investigation of the spontaneous mode of breathing of different ventilators. Intensive Care Med 14: 532–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhainaut JF, Aouate P, Monsallier JF, Devaux JY, Brunet F, Huyghebaert MF, Villmant D, Armaganidis A, de Gournay JM (1987) Improvement of right ventricular performance by continuous positive airway pressure in adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Crit Care 2: 15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dittman M, Steenblock U, Krazlin M, Wolff G (1982) Epidural analgesia or mechanical ventilation for multiple rib fractures. Intensive Care Med 8: 89–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downs JB, Douglas ME, Sanfelippo PM, Stanford W, Hodges MR (1977) Ventilatory pattern, intrapleural pressure, and cardiac output. Anesth Analg 56: 88–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falke KJ, Samodelov LF (1986) Inspiratory work of breathing with CPAP systems. In: Vincent JL (ed) Update in intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 96–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Feeley TV, Saumarez R, Klick JM, McNabb TJ, Skillman JJ (1975) Positive end-expiratory pressure in weaning patients from controlled ventilation. A prospective randomized trial. Lancet 2: 725–729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler AA III, Scoggins WG, O’Donohue WJ Jr (1978) Positive end-expiratory pressure in the management of lobar atelectasis. Chest 74: 497–500

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gagge AP, Allen SC, Marbarger AC (1945) Pressure breathing. J Aviat Med 16: 2–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg GP, Hill GE (1975) The use of spontaneous positive airway pressure ( CPAP) for reduction of intrapulmonary shunting in adults with acute respiratory failure. Can Anaesth Soc. J 22: 284–290

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gattinoni L, Pelizzola A, Rossi GP, Speciani A (1980) Functional residual capacity during end positive (EPAP) and continuous positive (CPAP) airway pressure in spontaneous breathing healthy subjects ( Abstr ). Intensive Care Med 6: 47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Caspani ML, Pellizzola A, Mascheroni D, Marcolin R, Iapichino G, Langer M, Agostini A, Kolobow T, Melrose DG, Damia G (1984) The role of total static lung compliance in the management of severe ARDS unresponsive to conventional treatment. Intensive Care Med 10: 121–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gherini S, Peters RM, Virgilio RW (1979) Mechanical work of the lungs and work of breathing with positive end-expiratory pressure and continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 76: 251–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibney NRT, Wilson RS, Pontoppidan H (1982) Comparison of work of breathing on high gas flow and demand valve continuous positive airway pressure systems. Chest 82: 692–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory GA, Kitterman JA, Phibbes RH, Tooley WH, Hamilton WK (1971) Treatment of ARDS with continuous positive airway pressure. N Engl J Med 284: 1333–1340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JR, Rendleman DC, Downs JB (1978) PEEP devices; flow dependent increases in airway pressure ( Abstr ). Crit Care Med 6: 100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris K (1987) Noninvasive monitoring of gas exchange. Respir Care 32: 544–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmer M, Viquerat CE, Suter PM, Vallotton MB (1980) Urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion during mechanical ventilation and weaning in man. Anaesthesiology 52: 395–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iotti G, Braschi A, Locatelli A, Bellinzona G (1985) Respiration spontanée au cours de la ventilation artificielle: importance de la résistance des valves. Presse Med 14: 165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jardin F, Farcot JC, Boisante L, Curien N, Margairaz A, Bourdarias JP (1981) Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on left ventricular performance. N. Engl. J. Med 304: 387–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Reynolds J, Shapiro BA (1982a) Technical aspects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). I. Physics of PEEP devices. Respir Care 27: 1478–1489

    Google Scholar 

  • Kacmarek RM, Dimas S, Reynolds J, Shapiro BA (1982b) Technical aspects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). III. PEEP with spontaneous ventilation. Respir Care 27: 1505–1518

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanter RK, Pollack MM, Wright WW, Grunfast KM (1982) Treatment of severe tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Anesthesiology 57: 54–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz JA, Marks JD (1985) Inspiratory work with and without continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure. Anesthesiology 63: 598–607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz JA, Kraemer RW, Gierde GE (1985) Inspiratory work and airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure delivery systems. Chest 88: 519–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klopfenstein CE, Forster A, Suter PM (1980) Pneumocephalus. A complication of continuous positive airway pressure after trauma Chest 78: 656–657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lassen HCA (1983) A preliminary report on the 1952 epidemic of poliomyelitis in Copenhagen with special reference to the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency. Lancet 37: 41

    Google Scholar 

  • Layon J, Banner MJ, Peterson CV, Gallaghert J, Modell JH (1986) Continuous positive airway pressure and expiratory positive airway pressure increase functional residual capacity equivalently. Chest 89: 517–521

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemaire F, Rapin M (1980) Des poumons artificiels dans l’insuffisance respiratoire aigue: un echec? Nouv Presse Med 9: 3677–3679

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marini JJ (1989) Should PEEP be used in airflow obstruction? Am Rev Respir Dis 140: 1–3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marquez JM, Douglas ME, Downs JB, Wu WH, Mantini EL, Kuck EJ, Calderwood HW (1979) Renal function and cardiovascular responses during positive airway pressure. Anesthesiology 50: 393–398

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JC, Shore S, Engel LA (1982) Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on respiratory mechanics and pattern of breathing in induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 126: 812–817

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mascheroni D, Langer M, Marcolin M, Ronzoni G, Fumagalli R, Gattinoni L (1986) Functional residual capacity is higher in CPAP than in CPPV with anaesthesia and on paralysis. Intensive Care Med 12: 228

    Google Scholar 

  • National Heart and Lung Institute (1974) Protocol for extracorporeal support of respiratory insufficiency, collaborative program. NIH, Bethseda

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunn JF (1977) Resistance to gas flow. Applied respiratory physiology Butterworth London

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelizzola A, Mascheroni D, Marcolin R, Prato P, Pesenti A, Gattinoni L, Damia G (1978) Reservoir ad alta compliance per l’ottimizzazione di un circuito di CPAP. Anest Rianim 22: 279–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Perschau RA, Pepine CJ, Nichols WW, Downs JB (1979) Instantaneous blood flow responses to positive end-expiratory pressure with spontaneous ventilation. Circulation 59: 1312–1318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PetrofJP, Legaré M, Goldberg P, Milic-Emili J, Gottfried S (1990) CPAP reduces work of breathing and dysprea during weaning from mechanical ventilation in severe COPD. Am Rev Resp Dis 141: 281–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzner J (1976) Continuous positive airway pressure, the collection of expired gases. Anaesthesia 31: 410–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quan SF, Falltick RT, Schlobohm RM (1981) Extubation from ambient or expiratory positive airway pressure in adults. Anesthesiology 55: 53–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Räsänen J, Vaisanen IT, Hikkila J, Nikki P (1985) Acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and respiratory failure: the effects of continuous airway pressure. Chest 87: 158–162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robotham JL, Chipps BE, Shermeta DW (1980) Continuous positive airway pressure in hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. Anesthesiology 52: 167–170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samodelov LF, Falke KJ (1988) Total inspiratory work with modern demand valve devices compared to continuous flow CPAP. Intensive Care Med 14: 632–639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlemmer B, de Vernejoul F, Dhainaut JF, Bons J, Weber S, Neveux E, Monsallier JF (1981) Effets de la ventilation spontanee en pression positive permanente ( CPAP) sur la fonction ventriculaire gauche. Anesth Analg Reanim 38: 537–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlobohm RM, Falltrick RT, Quan SF, Katz JA (1981) Lung volumes, mechanics and oxygenation during spontaneous positive pressure ventilation: the advantage of CPAP over EPAP. Anesthesiology 55: 416–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt GB, O’Neill WW, Kotb K, Hwang KK, Bennet EJ, Bombeck CT (1976) Continuous positive airway pressure in the prophylaxis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet 143: 613–618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro BA, Cane RD, Harrison RA (1984) Positive end-expiratory pressure therapy in adults with special reference to acute lung injury: a review of the literature and suggested clinical correlation. Crit Care Med 12: 127–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simonneau G, Lemaire F, Harf A, Carlet J, Teisseire B (1982) A comparative study of the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing and continuous positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 8: 61–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sturgeon CL, Douglas ME, Downs JB, Dannemiller FJ (1977) PEEP and CPAP: cardiopulmonary effects during spontaneous ventilation. Anesth Analg. 56: 633–639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Berthon Jones M, Eves L (1981) Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure through the nares. Lancet 1: 862–865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suter PM (1981) Les effets secondaires de la ventilation mécanique sur d’autres organes et systèmes. Ann Anesthesiol Fr 5: 483–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenaillon A, Salmona JP, Burdin M, Lissac J (1983) Continuous positive airway pressure in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 127: 658

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas L, Robert D, Malquarti V, Gerard M, Kirkorian G, Bertoye A (1979) Travail respiratoire lors de la ventilation spontanée en pression positive continue: importance de la capacitance du circuit. Nouv Presse Med 8: 45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valdes ME, Powers SR, Sham DM, Newell JC, Scavill WA, Dutton RE (1978) Continuous positive airway pressure in prophylaxis of adult respiratory distress syndrome in trauma patients. Surg. Forum 29: 187–189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viale JP, Annat G, Bertrand O, Godard J, Motin J (1985) Additional inspiratory work in intubated patients breathing with continuous positive airway pressure systems. Anesthesiology 63: 536–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vuori A, Effects of the level of CPAP on central haemodynamics and oxygen transport. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 24: 295–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuori A (1981) Central haemodynamics, oxygen transport and oxygen consumption during three methods for CPAP. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 25: 376–380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vuori A, Jalonen J, Laaksonen V (1979) Continuous positive airway pressure during mechanical and spontaneous ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 23: 453–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein ME, Rice CL, Peters RM, Virgilio RW (1978) Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to varying gradients between end-expiratory pressure and end-inspiratory pressure in patients breathing on continuous positive airway pressure. J Trauma 18: 231–235

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wergelt JA, Mitchell RA, Snyder WH (1979) Early positive end-expiratory pressure in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Arch Surg 114: 497–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson DC III, Modell JH (1982) Intermittent continuous positive airway pressure by mask. Arch Surg 118: 970–972

    Google Scholar 

  • Zebrowsky ME, Geer RT (1981) Low field continuous positive airway pressure with a modified fresh gas reservoir. Crit Care Med 9: 106–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A. Braschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Iotti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France

    François Lemaire (Medical Director) (Medical Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Braschi, A., Iotti, G. (1991). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. In: Lemaire, F. (eds) Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87448-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87448-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53322-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-87448-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation