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Tiefexperimentelle Untersuchungen mit Plasmaexpandern

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Infusionstherapie

Zusammenfassung

Es ist unbestritten, daß die frühzeitige, völlige Wiederherstellung des effektiv zirkulierenden Blutvolumens den dominierenden Faktor in der Schockbehandlung darstellt. Die Beurteilung von Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit verschiedener therapeutischer Maßnahmen beim schockierten Menschen ist schwierig. Erstens sind die individuellen Unterschiede betreffend Alter, Geschlecht, Körperbau und vorbestehende Krankheiten sehr groß. Zweitens handelt es sich bei den meisten Schockpatienten entweder um Polytraumatisierte, Verbrannte oder um Personen mit komplexen Krankheitsbildern des Abdomens oder des Thorax. Bei all diesen Schockbildern wird der Volumenverlust durch bakterielle und respiratorische Komponenten, gastrointestinale Resorptionsstörungen, ausgedehnte Ge-webszerstörungen, evtl. auftretende Toxine und je nach primärer Ursache durch viele weitere Faktoren zusätzlich kompliziert. Der „reine“ hypovolämische Schock kann deshalb klinisch unter standardisierten Bedingungen und in größerer Anzahl, wie es für die Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Plasmaexpandern notwendig wäre, nicht untersucht werden, weil er nur sehr selten vorkommt. Wir sind deshalb in der Schockforschung weiterhin auf tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen angewiesen. Wir sind uns bewußt, daß nicht alle in Tierversuchen gefundenen Resultate ohne weiteres auf die Humanmedizin übertragen werden können. Es sei jedoch in Erinnerung gerufen, daß sich sämtliche toxikologischen und pharmakologischen Prüfungen von neuen Drogen weitgehend auf Tierexperimente stützen, und diejenigen Situationen, wo sich z. B. zwischen Hund und Mensch qualitativ völlig andere Verhältnisse zeigen, sind wohl selten.

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Gruber, U.F., Burri, C. (1966). Tiefexperimentelle Untersuchungen mit Plasmaexpandern. In: Lang, K., Frey, R., Halmágyi, M. (eds) Infusionstherapie. Anesthesiology and Resuscitation / Anaesthesiologie und Wiederbelebung / Anesthésiologie et Réanimation, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87095-8_29

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