Zusammenfassung
Die Arboviren — als Abkürzung für arthropode-borne viruses — d. h. durch Gliederfüßler übertragene Viren — stellen Gruppen von verschiedenartigen Viren vor. Die Gesamtzahl der untereinander unterschiedlichen Arbovirusarten oder Typen überstieg im Jahre 1965 die Zahl 150, wovon mehr als 50 eine klinisch manifeste Erkrankung bei Mensch und Tier hervorrufen. Es handelt sich um Virusarten, deren Existenz und Überdauern in der Natur nicht an den Menschen als solchen gebunden ist, obwohl dessen Eingriff in die Naturbedingungen die während der Evolution entstandenen und gegenseitig bedingten Beziehungen zwischen der Flora und Fauna bedeutend beeinflussen und damit den gesetzmäßigen Kreislauf von pathogenen und nichtpathogenen Mikroorganismen in der Natur ändern, ja sogar stören kann. Für die pathogenen Arbovirusarten (d. h. pathogen für Mensch und Tier) gelten die Thesen von der Lehre E. N. Pawlowski (1939, 1956, 1961) über die Bedeutung der Naturherde der Infektionen: Naturherd der Infektion ist ein Gebiet vom bestimmten geographischen Landschaftstypus mit Biotopen, in welchen es im Verlauf der Evolution zur Entwicklung bestimmter gegenseitiger Beziehungen zwischen den Arten gekommen ist, und zwar zwischen dem Krankheitserreger (Mikroorganismus) einerseits und seinem Überträger andererseits. Letztere übertragen den Krankheitserreger vom Tier, welches als Donor der Infektion wirkt, auf das Tier, welches den Rezipienten darstellt, und zwar unter Umweltbedingungen, die sich günstig oder störend auf eine weitere Zirkulation des Erregers in solchen Biocoenosen auswirken.
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Blaškovič, D., Libíková, H. (1967). Arbovirusinfektionen. In: Blaškovič, D., et al. Krankheiten durch Viren. Infektionskrankheiten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87072-9_7
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